Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 92 in total

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  1. H Sumery, Hazwani ZA, Kalsum I, Norliza R, Habibah O, Noorliaza S, et al.
    MyJurnal
    The quality of pap smear determined by the specimen adequacy of cervical smears. It plays an important role to detect changes in the cervix particularly the transformation zone (TZ). This study aimed to determine factors associated with poor pap smear quality in Barat Daya District, Penang. This is a cross-sectional study of 276 randomly selected specimens of woman who underwent pap smear test in all government health clinics in Barat Daya District, Penang between January until June 2019. Study proforma was based on cytological report issued by Pathology Department, Penang Hospital and staff records in Nursing Unit, Barat Daya District Health Office. 30.1% has poor smear quality. Women who are menopause are twice the risk to have poor smear quality [Adjusted OR (95% CI): 2.34(1.14, 4.84), p
  2. Mohd Redzuan Abdullah, Hafizuddin Mohamed Fauzi
    MyJurnal
    The rare condition of neutrophils agglutination in-vitro may give inaccurate neutrophils count. We reported a case of a 71-year-old female admitted with a diagnosis of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) Escherichia Coli (E.coli) septicaemia secondary to the left lower limb cellulitis. Despite underlying infection, total white blood cell count (TWBC) and absolute neutrophil count remained in a normal range. An accidental finding of full blood picture (FBP) using K2 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tube presented numerous neutrophils agglutination. Further tests were carried out using citrated and heparinised tubes and tested at room temperature, 4 C, and 37 ͦC. The findings showed a significant reduction in neutrophils agglutination in both citrated and heparinised tubes, including when tested at room temperature (RT) and 4 ͦC. Surprisingly, at 37 ͦC, no neutrophil agglutination was observed. This indicates that temperature-dependent anti-neutrophil IgM antibody may be found in the patient's serum that reacted with the EDTA anticoagulant. In conclusion, white blood cells (WBC) agglutination has been associated with malignancy, sepsis, liver disease, and autoimmune disease. Thus, a baseline FBP is recommended, especially in these categories of patients to optimise their clinical management.
  3. Hwang Zhen Shan, Juhara Haron, Maya Mazwin Yahya, Tengku Ahmad Damitri Al-Astani Tengku Din, Wan Faiziah Wan Abdul Rahman
    MyJurnal
    Breast cancer in young pregnancy is a breast cancer diagnosed in a young lady at the age of less than 30 years old during pregnancy. Diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer during pregnancy are challenging as both maternal and fetal outcome must be considered in terms of their short and long-term effects. It requires multidisciplinary treatment. Instead, pregnancy should be preserved whenever possible, while treating the underlying breast cancer. It is important not to compromise the treatment of breast cancer because of the pregnancy. The overall therapeutic concept basically depends on timing of delivery, staging of the underlying disease, treatment mode and the impacts of treatment recommended as well as foetal outcome in relation to treatment that administered to the mother during pregnancy. We present a case of young pregnant lady at the age of 23 with breast cancer as it is a rare event and the challenges encountered in managing her and to highlight the treatment options for the patient and the baby.
  4. Mohammad Mizwaruddin Bin Sidek1, Suzanah Abdul Rahman
    MyJurnal
    Xenobiotic substance released in the environment is a concern among the public at large. The example of this xenobiotic release into the environment is xenoestrogens. Xenoestrogens have the capability to bind to the estrogen receptors in the body even at low affinity. Food, pesticides and contraceptive pills are known sources of xenoestrogens. In this study, acute toxicity test was conducted to evaluate toxicity of synthetic estrogen such as estradiol to the embryo-larvae of zebrafish model. Morphological changes in the embryo-larvae of zebrafish were also observed. The parameters that were evaluated in acute toxicity study were half lethal concentration (LC50) and few apical endpoints such as coagulation of embryos, development of pericardial edema, and eyes size. Toxicity effect of the compound was evaluated in term of behavior activity of the larvae. Results showed that certain concentration of estradiol caused toxic effects to the embryo-larvae of the zebrafish (p
  5. Thoo Foong Shi, Muhamad Zabidi Ahmad
    MyJurnal
    Neurofibromatosis (NF) is a genetic neurological disorder which can lead to abnormal tumour suppression. Neurofibromatosis associated neurological tumour is usually benign in nature, only occasionally can become malignant. Gastrointestinal involvement is reported to be infrequent with only up to 25% of patients with neurofibromatosis showing involvement. Solitary gastrointestinal neurofibroma is very rare, with most cases involving the stomach or small bowel. We report here a case of solitary small intestinal neurofibroma with no other associated systemic signs, causing intussusception and intestinal obstruction.
  6. Mohd. Ridah L.J., Ismail A., A. Talib N., Muhammad N., Hussain F.A., Zainuddin N.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Methylation of promoter region of p16 leading to gene silencing has been implicated ina wide range of malignancies including lymphomas. In diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) particularly, a varying percentage of epigenetic inactivation of p16 promoter region was observed ranging from 16 -54%. However, quantitative analysis of p16 promoter methylation in DLBCL has not been extensively studied in Malaysia. Objective: This study aims to quantitatively analyse p16 methylation in DLBCL samples using pyrosequencing technique. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from 16 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lymphoma tissue blocks from patients diagnosed with DLBCL. Samples were retrieved from Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Pahang and Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan. Primers were designed to amplify bisulfite-treated DNA targeting p16 promoter region. Methylation status of 7 CpG sites was determined by pyrosequencing. Results: All the 16 samples studied showed promoter methylation of p16. The range of mean methylation percentage was between 18 to 81%. Conclusion: The present study has successfully measured the level of methylation of p16 in all 7 CpG sites despite the limitation in sample size. Since p16 methylation is a common event in our series of DLBCL cases, it is worth including a larger sample size in future studies to increase the chance of finding a significant correlation with clinical parameters.
  7. Mohd Zain N.S., Tajudin S.S., Mohd Noor S.N.F., Mohamad H.
    MyJurnal
    Thisstudy aim tocharacterize melt-derivedbioactive glass and to determinethe bioactive glass (BG) suitability for dental usagethrough proliferative activity assessment of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED)when exposed to bioactive glass conditioned medium. Bioglass 45S5 in mole percentages (46.13% SiO2, 26.91% CaO, 24.35% Na2O and 2.60% P2O5)was synthesizedthrough melt-derived and characterized usingX-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)to confirm and identify its properties.SHEDwere used to evaluate the biocompatibility of 45S5 by exposing the cells to various concentration of BG-conditioned medium (1-10 mg/ml) using alamarBlue assay. The BG produced has an amorphous structureas shown by XRD analysis. TheSi-O-Si bending, asymmetric Si-O stretching and asymmetricSi-O-Si stretchingbands were observed in the BG structure supporting the presenceof silicate network. For alamarBlue assay, SHED cultured in BG-conditioned medium showed high proliferation rate when subjected to minimal powder content in the DMEM cell culture medium.Hence, it can be concluded that SHED cultured in lower powder content of the BG-conditioned media showedhigh proliferative activity suggesting the potential of the BG for dental usage.
  8. Ang, Wen-Jeat, Embong Zunaina, Raja Omar Raja Norliza, Abdul Jalil Fadzillah
    MyJurnal
    We describe the first clinical case of contact lens related corneal ulcer caused by Elizabethkingia meningosepticaregistered in Southeast Asia. A 20-year-old female student who wasa regular soft contact lens wearer, presented with pain, photophobia and blurring of vision of the right eye for 3 days. On slit lamp examination, there was a small paracentral anterior stromal infiltrate with an overlying epithelial defect. Microbiological cultures from corneal scrapings, contact lens and its casing were positive for E.meningoseptica. Due to high likelihood of contact lens contamination causing keratitis, topical fortified gentamicin0.9% and ceftazidime 5% were administered empirically. Topical vancomycin 5% was later added tailoring to the culture and sensitivity of the organism. After 8 weeks of treatment, the keratitis subsided and corneal epithelial defect completely healed with residual corneal opacity. Even though uncommon, contact lens related E.meningosepticakeratitis can occur in healthy immunocompetent individuals with no ocular comorbidities.
  9. Latahir, Ahmad Zaeri, Kardia, Egi, Yahaya, Badrul Hisham
    MyJurnal
    The repair process of airway epithelium involves cell migration, spreading, proliferation and re-differentiation. Objective: Cellular and molecular responses to tracheal brush induced injury were investigated using a rabbit model. Methods: Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were divided into uninjured and injured groups. After tracheal brushing, the animals were maintained in the laboratory before being sacrificed at given time points (1, 12 hours, 3, 7, and 21 days). The trachea of each rabbit was retrieved and preserved before being subjected to haematoxylin and eosin staining and real time PCR. Results: After injury, the remained epithelial cells underwent an instant response by proliferating and migrating into the damaged site. This finding was in accordance with the proliferative and migration activity-related gene expression results (MMP-9, TIMP1, vimentin, and ß-integrin). The increased activity of these genes was crucial at the early time points, as it encouraged the remaining cells to repopulate the damaged area. Conclusions: Continuous regulation of MMP-9, vimentin and ß-integrin plays important roles in promoting cellular homing especially the cells bordering the lesion to migrate and repair of the damaged ECM. Thus, this activation enhanced regeneration and repair of the damaged tracheal epithelium as early as 1 h and complete at 21 d following injury.
  10. Vengidasan, Lelamekala, Siti Fatimah Ramli, Abdul Rahman Azhari, Narazah Mohd Yusoff, Nurul Hidayah Ruslan
    MyJurnal
    Trisomy 8 is a condition where every cell of an individual presents with an extra copy (three copies of chromosome 8. This disorder occurs when a pair of chromosomes fails to divide evenly, which results in cells containing more than two of this chromosome. Here, we report a case of mosaic trisomy 8 in a Malaysian Malay boy.Although patient in this case confirmed with T8M, he exhibited few of the characteristic features that previously were reported to be associated with T8M. However, the patient’s very young age might explain the lack of clinical presentation of these features.
  11. Fatimah Azman, Rose Adzrianee Adnan, Norhafizah Che Abdul Razak, Nazihah Mohd Yunus, Sarina Sulong, Rozita Abdullah, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Muscular dystrophy is a group of diseases that result in progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is classified as dystrophinopathy and is an X-linked recessive disease. It is caused by alterations in the dystrophin gene at Xp21.2 encoding 79 exons [1]. It is characterised by progressive muscle wasting that begins at 3 to 5 years, delay in motor development and eventually wheelchair confinement followed by premature death at about 30 years from cardiac or respiratory complications [2]. Genetic etiology of cases of DMD in Malaysia are still scarcely reported. Here, we report the genetic cause in the case of an 11-year-old Kelantanese Malay boy who has progressive muscle weakness since 5 years old. He has difficulty in getting up from sitting and supine position also in climbing up stairs until 1st floor. He has a strong family history of DMD and musculoskeletal problems. His younger brother was diagnosed with DMD by molecular analysis and his maternal uncle died at the age of 16 with musculoskeletal problems but was never investigated. Physical examination revealed no dysmorphic features, positive Gower sign with absent tounge fasciculation. On neurological examination, tendon reflexes and muscle tone for limbs were normal. Muscle power for bilateral upper limbs were normal, however, bilateral lower limbs showed slight reduction in muscle power with calf hypertrophy.
  12. Haiyuni Mohd Yassim, Ali, Heba, Rosline Hassan, Wan Zaidah Abdullah, Muhammad Farid Johan
    MyJurnal
    The molecular biology knowledge in β-thalassaemia is limited due to the involvement of various erythropoeitic processes where the genetic information is lack due to nucleus ejection throughout the maturation of red blood cell activities concurrence with the accumulation of haemoglobin. Nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) are typically found in peripheral blood (PB) of β-thalassaemia transfusion dependent patients and abundant in post splenectomy (Fig. 1A) [1]. The presence of NRBCs will provide further understanding on the molecular aspect of ineffective erythropoiesis in β-thalassaemia patients. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to isolate the NRBCs using CD71 magnetic beads from PB of β-thalassaemia patients and to compare the quantity of NRBCs enriched between non-splenectomised transfusion dependent and post-splenectomised transfusion dependent β-thalassaemia patients.
  13. Haiyuni Mohd Yassim, Wan Zaidah Abdullah, Muhammad Farid Johan
    MyJurnal
    The large clinical spectrum of Haemoglobin E (HbE)/β-thalassaemia leads to identification of modifiers that cause the complexity1. IGSF4, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily 4 is known as a thalassaemia-related gene that plays an important role in globin synthesis. Methylation of IGSF4 was reported to interrupt the process of globin synthesis through its interaction with other genes in the regulation network of globin expression2. Specific cells isolation is needed in order to study the methylation profile as the interaction between various haematopoietic cells including nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) in whole blood could impact the methylation results3. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe the pattern of DNA methylation at the promoter region of IGSF4 gene that may involve in the alteration of globin synthesis in HbE/β-thalassaemia patients.
  14. Nur Hidayah Muhamad Yasin, Majdan Ramli, Ilunihayati Ibrahim, Rosnah Bahar, Noraesah Mahmud, Siti Shahrum Muhamed Said, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Haemoglobin E (Hb E) is a variant of structurally abnormal haemoglobin that can be found very commonly in the Asian countries particularly the Southeast Asian [1]. [H1] Alpha thalassaemia is a red cell disorder which is caused by deletion or mutation of one or more of the four alpha globin genes leading to absence or decrease in production of alpha globin peptides [2]. This disorder is far more common in South East Asian regions and in Malaysia itself, and the gene frequency is about 4.1% [2]. The interactions of Hb E and alpha thalassaemia are evident in Kelantan which is bordered by southern Thailand. Using capillary electrophoresis (CE), a reduction of Hb E level is noticed as compared to Hb E heterozygotes. DNA analysis should be done to determine the presence of concurrent alpha thalassaemia variant. This study was done to evaluate haematological parameters using automated blood counters, morphology of red cells, Hb separation and quantitation of Hb fractions using CE and molecular analysis for alpha thalassemia. The study also aimed to discover cut off point of Hb E level in heterozygous Hb E patients with concurrent deletional alpha thalassaemia by CE.
  15. Hamid Ali Nagi Al-Jamal, Wan Rohani Wan Taib, Siti Asmaa Mat Jusoh, Aziee Sudin, Muhammad Farid Johan
    MyJurnal
    Azacytidine (5-Aza) is a chemotherapeutic drug that has been known to restore the expression of Tumour suppressor genes by de-methylation and shown clinical efficacy inMyelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) [1-3]. Currently, 5-Aza is being used in UK for the treatment of some adults with MDS, chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) and acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) [4]. Majority of CML patients treated with imatinib, a BCR/ABL inhibitor would develop resistance under prolonged therapy. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an oncogenic transcription factor that is constitutively activated in various human cancers including hematological malignancies. Activation of STAT3 represents an important mechanism of imatinib resistant [5]. Methylation of SHP-1is involved in the constitutive activation of STAT3 [6], and a low level of SHP-1is not sufficient to inhibit activated STAT3 [7]. Epigenetic silencing of SHP-1also plays a role in the development of resistance to imatinib in BCR/ABL positive CML cells.
  16. Lai, Kuan Teh, Koh, Sam Yu, Shi, Min Chua, George, Elizabeth, Mei, I Lai, Wong, Lily
    MyJurnal
    In Malaysia, Sabah population constitutes the most number of β-thalassaemia cases ranging from asymptomatic to transfusion dependent. Filipino β°-deletion has been reported as the predominant mutation in Sabah [1]. Despite having the same primary mutation, co-inheritance of genetic variants at HbF quantitative trait loci of HBS1L-MYB intergenic region may cause variability in clinical features by affecting the haemoglobin (Hb) subtypes level, especially HbF. Study suggested that MYB would activate γ-globin repressor gene directly and subsequently initiate the molecular HbF repression mechanisms. Polymorphisms within HBS1L-MYB intergenic region would inhibit binding of transcription factor on MYB and leading to elevation of HbF levels [2]. This can act as an ameliorating factor in the clinical presentation of β-thalassaemia patients [3]. This study aimed to elucidate the association of Hb subtypes levels with three HBS1L-MYB variants among 134 Filipino β°-deletion carriers. PCR-RFLP analysis was done for HBSIL-MYB rs4895441 (A→G) while tetra-primers ARMS PCR analysis was done for HBSIL-MYB rs9399137 (T→C) and rs11759553 (A→T) (Fig.1).
  17. Nor Ezzati Nor Albashri, Noor Fadzilah Zulkifli, Asral Wirda Ahmad Asnawi, Zetty Nadia Mohd Zain, Rashidah Mohamed, Sathar, Jameela, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Thalassaemia is one of the most common autosomal recessive blood disorders in the world and its carrier status is prevalent in nearly 15% of Malaysian population. The global and economic burden for lifelong care of those affected increases every year. Currently, there is no policy on thalassaemia-carrier screening for couples prior to marriage besides HIV/AIDS screening in Malaysia. Other countries such as Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia have established a policy for thalassaemia prevention by conducting premarital thalassaemia screening. Zero thalassaemia cases in new-born child in Cyprus have proven that thalassaemia can be prevented. This study aimed to investigate the willingness of premarital Malays on premarital thalassaemia screening.

    A set of questionnaire was distributed to 57 persons at premarital course sites and wedding fairs and expositions held in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. Components in the questionnaire included: 1) demographic 2) knowledge about thalassaemia, signs and screening method 3) attitudes towards thalassaemia premarital screening 4) practices of premarital thalassaemia screening. Analysis for the questionnaire was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0.
  18. Hanizah Salwa Amran, Nurimatussolehah Sarijan, Sathar, Jameela Sathar, Sabariah Md Noor
    MyJurnal
    Hb Malay was first described in 1989 following an investigation of anaemia in a 22-year-old Malay gentleman who was homozygous for this  chain variant. This Hb variant is caused by AAC  AGC mutation at codon 19 of the  globin gene resulting in the substitution of serine for asparagine [1]. The mutation creates cryptic RNA splice site in exon 1 of the -globin gene leading to an abnormal RNA processing. Thus, this mutation not only produces variant haemoglobin but also a mild + thalassemia phenotype [2].
  19. Irni Mohd Yasin, Narazah Mohd Yusoff, Afifah Hassan, Muhammad Masrin Md. Zahrin
    MyJurnal
    Haemolytic Disease of Foetus and Newborn (HDFN) and Haemolytic Transfusion Reaction (HTR) may occur due to antibodies against Kidd antigen. In Malaysia, the prevalence of RBC alloimmunization due to Kidd antibody for cases of HDFN and HTR have been reported [1-2] however there is insufficient data in Hospital Umum Sarawak (HUS).The aim of this study is to determine whether Kidd alloimmunization causes HDFN and HTR. Indirectly categorize Kidd phenotype blood in regular blood donors.
  20. Lim, Wai Feng, Muniandi, Logeswaran, George, Elizabeth, Sathar, Jameela, Teh, Lai Kuan, Lai, Mei I.
    MyJurnal
    HbE/β-thalassaemia is a compound heterozygous mutation with a vast clinical phenotype [1]. To improve quality of life, HbE/β-thalassaemia individuals receive different treatment strategies, either individually or in combination with therapy(ies), including blood transfusion, iron chelation and splenectomy [2-3]. Thus far, there are limited studies conducted regarding the effect of treatments in HbE/β-thalassaemia individuals. We hereby investigated the effect of treatments with respect to red blood cell indices, haemoglobin subtypes and gene expressions among 30 HbE/beta-thalassaemia individuals. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS 17.0. As compared to single therapy (transfused only individuals) and double therapies (transfused-chelated only individuals), individuals receiving triple therapies (transfused-chelated-splenectomised individuals) showed significantly high mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) and reticulocytes count (Fig.1).

    These findings suggest that triple therapies are the most effective in ameliorating the severity of the disease in terms of microcytosis and hypochromia [3-5]. The high reticulocyte count in triple therapies also allows the bone marrow to actively produce red blood cells suggesting that these therapies have clinical benefits by suppressing the ineffective erythropoiesis and improving the erythropoietic environment significantly among HbE/β-thalassaemia individuals in our studied group [6-7].

    The effectiveness of these treatments is different among each HbE/β-thalassaemia individual whereby clinical variabilities among them could be a contributing factor. Triple therapies giving the best advantage to the HbE/β-thalassaemia patient in this study.
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