Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 68 in total

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  1. Asmaon, A.F., Ishak, A.R.
    Malaysian Dental Journal, 2007;28(2):72-77.
    MyJurnal
    The aim of the study was to assess the potential role of dentists as smoking cessation counsellors in their practice. The target group comprised of all public and private sector dentists in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur (FTKL) and Selangor. Data were collected via a twenty-six item questionnaire which was mailed to 831 dentists. A response rate of 67.1% was obtained. Results revealed that the majority of the respondents (97.8%) perceived that in addition to providing oral care, dentists should also be interested in their patients’ general health. Generally, about two-thirds of dentists (69.1%) and especially those from the public sector (76.4%) considered that they have an important role to play as smoking cessation counsellors. However, less than half of the respondents (40.3%) perceived that patients do not expect smoking cessation advice from their dentists. Yet, more than half of the respondents (55.1%) provided advice or helpful hints in order to motivate their patients to quit smoking. About 65% of the overall respondents did explain to their patients regarding the health risk due to smoking and its detrimental effects. Perceived obstacles to smoking cessation include lack of information between dentistry and smoking cessation (86.1%) followed by lack of training and lack of time.
  2. Ma, M.S.
    Malaysian Dental Journal, 2007;28(2):78-82.
    MyJurnal
    Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the commonest cancer in the mouth. Multiple risk factors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, irradiation, viruses infection and chronic irritation are thought to be responsible for the formation of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Although SCC can develop through a series of precancerous stages manifested as various degrees of epithelial dysplasia, this is not always the case. p53 is the commonest mutated gene in human cancers. Mis-sense mutation of the gene or complexing of the protein with viral or cellular proteins prolongs its half-life and leads to its detection by immunohistochemistry. This study was designed with the aim of demonstrating any possible relationship between p53 and oral squamous cell carcinoma by immunohistochemical staining techniques. A total of 66 specimens from the oral cavity (10 normal mucosa, 11 hyperkeratosis without dysplasia, 11 mild dysplasia, 11 moderate dysplasia, 10 severe dysplasia and 13 SCC) were examined for the presence of p53. The results show p53 was not expressed in normal mucosa, but was found with increasing frequency in increasingly severe dysplasia and SCC. In conclusion, this study shows p53 mutation is common in oral squamous cell carcinoma and probably occurs early in the multisteps of oral carcinogenesis.
  3. Ghazali, N., Zain, R.B., Samsudin, A.R., Abdul Rahman, R., Othman, N.H.
    Malaysian Dental Journal, 2007;28(2):83-91.
    MyJurnal
    A review of incident oral and maxillofacial biopsies in Kelantan from January 1994 to December 1998 was carried out to evaluate the scope of pathological lesions managed by the two main oral and maxillofacial units in this state. A total of 357 biopsy reports from incident cases of pathological lesions were reviewed. The biopsies were mainly from intra-oral sites (n=326, 91.3%). Females had more frequent oro-facial lesions compared with males (male:female ratio is 0.8:1). The Bumiputera ethnic group had the most number of biopsies (n=321; 90%). The three most commonly observed histopathological groups were the connective tissue hyperplasia (n=90; 25.2%), epithelial dysplasia and neoplasia (n=68; 19%) and salivary gland cysts/mucocele (n=56; 15.7%). The top five most frequent diagnoses were mucocele (n=56; 15.7%), squamous cell carcinoma (n=45; 12.6%), epulides (n=31; 8.7%), pyogenic granuloma (n=25; 7.0%) and fibroepithelial polyp (n=19; 5.3%). Oro-facial malignancies made up almost one-fifth of all diagnoses and squamous cell carcinoma was the most common sub-type. Lymphomas in the oro-facial region (n=8; 11.4%) were more common than basal cell carcinoma (n=7; 10%) and salivary gland malignancies (n=6; 8.5%). Epithelial jaw cysts consisted of 8.7% (n=31) of all diagnoses, where inflammatory types were more common than the developmental types. Odontogenic tumours consisted of 5.6% (n=20) of all diagnoses and ameloblastoma was the predominant type.
  4. Fathilah, A.R., Rahim, Z.H.A., Othman, Y.
    Malaysian Dental Journal, 2007;28(2):92-96.
    MyJurnal
    The tooth provides a non-shedding surface ideal for microbial and plaque accumulation. Despite being exposed to regular environmental perturbations, the microbial composition and proportions in the plaque often remains in homeostasis and is relatively stable over time. Supragingival plaque sampled from various sites on the tooth surface was pooled and conventionally analyzed for its microbial constituent. Classification of microbial isolates was made based on the characteristics exhibited by the growth colonies, Gram-stained cells, as well as biochemical reactions using the API Identification System kit. Observation was also made of the colony forming units on both non-selective and selective agar culture plates. A variety of bacteria, both of the facultative and anaerobic types, were isolated from the supragingival plaque of the Malaysian population. Among those found to predominate the supragingival plaque include the Gram positive and Gram negative cocci and rods from the genera Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Actinomyces, Fusobacterium, Corynebacterium, Clostridium, Bacteroides, Veilonella and Lactobacillus. In addition, yeast within the genus Candida was also isolated from the plaque samples.
  5. Ngeow, W.C., Mohd Noor, N.S., Mohd Tahir, N.N.
    Malaysian Dental Journal, 2007;28(1):7-15.
    MyJurnal
    The objective of this survey was to understand the current trend of readership of professional dental journals among Malaysian dentists. A total of 225 questionnaires were sent out to Malaysian dentists who attended various dental related conferences throughout Peninsular Malaysia from February 2006 to July 2006. Questionnaires comprised of questions relating to dentists’ socio-demographic status and a list of journal(s) read by them. Malaysian dentists’ view on the content and quality of a particular dental journal, i.e. the Malaysian Dental Journal (MDJ) was also enquired. The details of this finding are highlighted in Part II of this study. A total of 156 questionnaires were returned; the respondents were made up of 61 male and 91 female dentists. Almost 80% of the respondents aged between 20-49 year-old and most respondents (n= 132; 84.62%) only had a basic Bachelor of Dental Surgery or equivalent degree while another 19 (12.18%) had in addition, a post-graduate degree. Almost equal numbers of respondents were working in the Ministry of Health (MOH) or Armed Force (n=73; 46.8%) and private practice (n=74; 47.4%). Also, equal number of respondents (n=67; 42.95%) were found to be working as single-handed practitioner and in a partnership/assistant/working-with-other specialties type of practice Almost two-thirds (n=103; 66%) of the respondents read more than one professional journal, and a majority of them worked in the private sector. The percentage of readers reading more than one journal from the private practice (n=67, 60.0%) was close to twice of that from the MOH (n=36, 35.0%). No specific age-group pattern was present but the least number of subscribers were from those 60 year-old and above (n=3), whereby none of them subscribed to any professional dental journal/magazine. The highest percentage of subscribers were from those in the age group of 40-49 year-old, whereby 86.49% (n=32) of dentists in this age-group subscribed to at least one professional dental journal/magazine. Out of the list of journals/magazines provided, it was found that the MDJ has the most number of readers. The MDJ was most read by dentists in the private practice while the Annals of Dentistry of the University of Malaya was most read by dentists in the MOH. In conclusion, it was found that almost two-third of the respondents read more than one professional journal, with the MDJ receiving the most number of readers. More dentists in the private practice read professional dental journals than dentists in the MOH.
  6. Ngeow, W.C., Mohd Noor, N.S., Mohd Tahir, N.N.
    Malaysian Dental Journal, 2007;28(1):16-23.
    MyJurnal
    The objective of this part of the study was to understand the current trend on readership of the Malaysian Dental Journal (MDJ) among Malaysian dentists. Their views on the contents and quality of the Malaysian Dental Journal were enquired. We also enquired the reasons they chose-to/chose-not-to read the MDJ. Of the 225 dentists surveyed, the number of MDJ readers was 101; with only 24.75% reading all issues published. The editorial section was rated as “useful” by 70.3% of readers, while 79.2%, 87.1%, 87.1% and 80.2% of readers rated the research article section, the review article section, the case reports section and book recommendation section similarly respectively. Feedback from readers indicated that they wanted more case reports, more review articles on “how to do it” and on medical problems in dentistry. More than half (55.45%) of the MDJ readers preferred to receive the journal in both hard and soft copies. For the non-readers, the most common reasons cited for not reading the MDJ was not being able to access to the journal, followed by not having time to read. Our finding suggested that the respondents preferred to learn from colleagues’ experience and to read article that can improve their clinical knowledge and skill.
  7. Loke, S.T.
    Malaysian Dental Journal, 2007;28(1):24-31.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: There is generally inconsistent appropriate orthodontic referral among local dentists. Orthodontic indices are not routinely used to assess the need for treatment. The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate the efficacy of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) as an educational tool to improve their ability to assess orthodontic treatment need.

    Methodology: Local dental officers assessed 30 study models on two occasions (before and after IOTN training) and their findings compared with an expert group for agreement in IOTN scores and referral decisions. Training comprised oral/visual presentation, instruction manuals, ‘hands-on’ and self-study. Kappa statistic (?) was used to assess agreement.

    Results: As a group there was no significant improvement in referral decisions after training with only ‘moderate’ agreement (?=0.47), although half of the subjects improved. Agreement was better with aesthetic (?=0.51) than functional (?=0.41) assessment. ‘Sensitivity’ was 82.4% and ‘Specificity’ was 58.2% but both were not statistically significant before and after training.

    Conclusion: The IOTN has potential as an educational tool for improving the diagnostic skills of dental officers. More accurate assessment of the Dental Health Component with the IOTN ruler and familiarity with the Aesthetic Component has to be emphasized in future training.
  8. Rohaya Megat Abdul Wahab
    Malaysian Dental Journal, 2007;28(1):32-33.
    MyJurnal
    Deviations from normal occlusion are known as malocclusion. Orthodontics treatment usually is the choice of management of irregularities and abnormalities of their relation to the surrounding structures i.e malocclusions. Patient or parent commonly seeks orthodontic treatment for aesthetic reasons rather than functional problems such as temporomandibular joint dysfunction. With greater demand for orthodontic treatment due to greater awareness of the people towards dental health, good orthodontic treatment outcome would be expected. Good orthodontic treatment outcome usually related to good clinical management of the patients. (Copied from article).
  9. Ahmad Sharifuddin Mohd Asari
    Malaysian Dental Journal, 2007;28(2):107-111.
    MyJurnal
    Gingival overgrowth (gingival hyperplasia, gingival fibromatosis) can be caused by underlying factors such as taking certain medications or genetic in origin. The extent of the enlargement varies in different individuals and also within the same individuals. Aesthetics and effective plaque control is compromised and part of the objectives of treatment is to help in these aspects. (Copied from article).
  10. Lim, T.W., Goh, A.C., Seow, L.L.
    Malaysian Dental Journal, 2007;28(2):122-131.
    MyJurnal
    The aim of the present study was to assess the current approaches and philosophies pertaining to direct restorations, bleaching and root canal treatment amongst general dental practitioners (GDPs) in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. A questionnaire, together with a stamped addressed envelope and an explanatory letter, was sent to 200 GDPs in the Klang Valley in April-July 2005. The GDPs were selected at random. A total of 153 (76.5%) of the GDPs responded to the survey. 46.4% of the respondents stated that the use of amalgam was decreasing whereas 79.7% stated an increase in the use of composite resins. Clinical indication (85.6%) and patients’ demand for aesthetics (73.9%) appeared to be the main factors influencing the choice of restorative materials. Fractured restorations was the main reason for the replacement of amalgam restorations (77.1%) whilst secondary caries was the main reason for the replacement of composite resin restorations (73.9%). Almost two thirds of the GDPs surveyed provided chair side bleaching while 75.8% of the GDPs would supervise home bleaching. Sodium hypochlorite was the most common endodontic irrigant used amongst the GDPs surveyed and cold lateral compaction was the most commonly used obturation technique.
  11. Mohd Zambri Mohamed Makhbul, Rashidah Burhanudin, Wan Nurazreena Wan Hassan
    Malaysian Dental Journal, 2016;39(1):35-51.
    MyJurnal
    It is not uncommon for lateral cephalometric radiographs to be outsourced for orthodontic treatment, as not all orthodontic clinics in Malaysia have their own cephalometric radiograph machine. Since the quality of outsourced radiographs is not within the governance of the clinician, there is a need to monitor the quality of cephalometric radiographs received. Aim: To audit the quality of lateral cephalometric radiographs received at the Orthodontic Specialist Unit, Klinik Pergigian Cahaya Suria, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Methodology: Lateral cephalometric records of patients with registration numbers up to 200 in 2015 were selected and assessed using a light box. The quality of good radiographs were based on 15 parameters: correct head position; presence of the scale; important structures centered on the film; patient’s name; date taken; patient’s identifier; label not obscuring radiograph; soft tissue visible; teeth in occlusion; good contrast; ‘A’ point identifiable; ‘B’ point identifiable; nasion identifiable; sella identifiable; incisors visible and their angulation measureable. Standard was set at 100%, as radiographs received should contain all parameters. Results: Five records were excluded (2 had no radiographs, 2 had digital radiographs, and 1 record could not be traced). 64.5% radiographs had all 15 parameters, 30.3%, 3.9% and 1.3% with 14, 13 and 12 parameters, respectively. Patient’s name, identifier, date taken, soft tissue visible, ‘B’ point identifiable, nasion identifiable were present in all radiographs (100%). Incisor visible and their angulation measurable were present in 99%; good contrast and ‘A’ point identifiable in 98%; presence of scale, important structures centred on films and sella identifiable in 97%, label not obscuring radiographs in 96%; correct head position in 86%; and teeth in occlusion in 88% of radiographs. Conclusion: There is a need to liaise with the radiology unit to improve the quality of radiographs taken.
  12. Lim, Fei Yee, Uma Subramaniam, Renukanth Raman, Chua Sim Loo
    Malaysian Dental Journal, 2016;39(1):9-25.
    MyJurnal
    Aim: To assess the prevalence and clinical features of aggressive periodontitis in newly referred patients to the Periodontal Clinic in Seremban.

    Methodology: Sample size calculation was done using Epi Info software with minimum sample estimated at 279. 583 new patients who were referred to this clinic from year 2013 to July 2015 were examined clinically and radiographically. Patients were diagnosed using American Academy of Periodontology workshop 1999 definition.

    Results: Thirty-one (5.3%) patients were identified as having aggressive periodontitis with 28 (90%) of these patients exhibiting generalized form of aggressive periodontitis. Mean age of these patients was 34.9 years. In terms of gender and ethnicity, 21 females and 18 Malays were diagnosed with Aggressive periodontitis. First molars had the highest amount of clinical attachment loss (CAL=5.4mm). The number of missing teeth at the first visit was at median 2 (Interquartile range=4). The number of prognostically hopeless teeth at first visit was at median 1 (Interquartile range=2). Canines were preserved in most of the patients.

    Conclusion: Aggressive periodontitis was found in 5.3% of our samples. It was diagnosed at mean age of 34.9 years old.
  13. Mas Suryalis Ahmad, Fouad Hussain Al-Bayaty, Farhana Abdul Ghani
    Malaysian Dental Journal, 2016;39(1):26-34.
    MyJurnal
    People with hearing and/or speech impairments (HSI) reported having difficulty communicating with the dental team, indicating the need for the profession to develop an effective communication strategy when dealing with these patients. This paper discusses the development of a toolkit designed to guide delivery of oral hygiene instruction, oral health education and dental consultation for patients with HSI, and how its use had resulted in an improved oral health outcome in a patient with such disabilities.
  14. Mas Suryalis Ahmad
    Malaysian Dental Journal, 2017;2017(1):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    Perceived and normatic needs for dental treatment is increasing globally, as patients in various parts of the world demonstrate different patterns of oral diseases (1). Some regions showed an increasing demand for aesthetic dentistry (2), while some demonstrated a rise in procedures relating to tooth preservation and functional restoration (3). In spite of the variable market demands, it is evident that utilisation of oral health care services has improved worldwide, regardless of patients’ socioeconomic status and other personal or environmental circumstances (1). (Copied from article)
  15. Mohd Kherman Suparman, Hazmyr Abdul Wahab, Nazer Berahim, Tengku Intan Baizura Tengku Jamaluddin
    Malaysian Dental Journal, 2017;2017(1):1-12.
    MyJurnal
    Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) is a natural autologous fibrin matrix and is an effective biomaterial product. The application of PRF in oral surgery is not limited to tissue regeneration, but it has been utilized in several minor and major oral surgical procedures. Numerous studies have proven that either alone or in combination with bone graft, PRF acts as bone and soft tissue regeneration and it is able to stimulate physiological wound healing. This case report will introduce the utilization of PRF combined with autogenous bone graft in restoring four walls dental socket defect due to post-surgical extraction complication and plan for implant placement in the future. It acts in the form of a resorbable membrane and stem cell connector to the bone. After 3 months post-surgery review, there was no signs of infection or tissue rejection and the harvested bone was still viable. The PRF is comparable to commercially available membrane in the market, where clinical results can be predicted and possibility of reduction in post-surgical complications is achieved. This is due to 1) its compatibility with bone graft materials notably autogenous type, 2) induced neovascularisation and 3) reduction in inflammatory reaction. Our team is confident that the result of PRF at the edentulous region for rehabilitation purposes is beneficial and cost-effective to our patients.
  16. Berhanuddin Muhamad Asyraf, Tong, Wah Lim
    Malaysian Dental Journal, 2016;2016(2):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    In nowadays world, aesthetic dentistry has becoming a trend with the improvement of dental technology and materials. Composite resin becomes the material of choice as it offers good aesthetics, longevity and allow for minimally intervention approach. There are various ways of composite restorative techniques recommended to make out the best restorative outcome. Direct restorative technique promise acceptable cost, appointment time and color matching but it is a challenge for the clinician especially for extensive cavities. Indirect technique is good for extended cavity and providing less operator error, however, it requires multiple appointments, higher cost and laboratory involvement. Computer-aided design/ computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology might reduce the number of appointments, however, it will cause more financial burden to the patient and the clinician. Therefore, semi-direct technique was introduced, it combines the benefits of direct and indirect technique and this technique can be done without the use of any advanced technology and give out a good treatment outcome.
  17. Siti Zaleha Hamzah, Samalie, Koburunga, Dickinson, Chris
    Malaysian Dental Journal, 2016;2016(2):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    The aim of this literature review is to review the current care setting for conscious sedation for dentistry in the primary and secondary care sectors in the United Kingdom (UK) and to recommend a plan for setting up a service for the provision of conscious sedation in Malaysia based on the UK models. An electronic search using various databases and web-based search engines were conducted during the period from January to March 2016. Various combinations of keywords were used to help the literature search including dental care settings, conscious sedation, equipment for conscious sedation, referral pathway for sedation and training in sedation. The findings have shown that, although there are specific requirements for the facilities practising sedation, the majority of the requirements are common to all dental practices, such as health and safety, infection control, emergency drugs etc. The good integration between primary and secondary care in providing conscious sedation relies on the compliance with the referral pathway. It is recommended that the practice of conscious sedation in the dental setting in Malaysia begins at the Special Needs Dentistry (SND) Unit, Kajang Hospital because the unit has been partly equipped for conscious sedation and the specialist in charge has received appropriate training in Conscious Sedation for Dentistry at King’s College London Dental Institute. Ensuring safety, effectiveness and appropriateness of the sedation techniques used are the major aims when delivering care to fit individual needs. It is highly recommended to look into the country in which the service has been well established such as United Kingdom as a reference for future development of the conscious sedation service in Malaysia.
  18. Ngeow, W.C., Lim, D., Ng, C.S., Chai, W.L.
    Malaysian Dental Journal, 2015;38(2):5-15.
    MyJurnal
    Medical emergencies or unexpected events are situations that all dental practitioners are trained to face, yet none hope they become a reality. Although they occasionally happen, the prevalence is rather low. This special article will touch on three aspects: before, during and after an unexpected event happening in a general dental practice. Emphasis will be given on the ‘during and after’ phases, which includes the activation of basic life support when necessary, and the documentation that a dental practitioner needs to prepare in the event of adverse outcome despite of efforts made to prevent and manage it.
  19. Loke, Shuet Toh
    Malaysian Dental Journal, 2015;38(2):16-36.
    MyJurnal
    Aim: Orthodontic treatment duration is variable and associated with many factors Very few studies looks at operator changes influencing treatment duration and outcome. This study aims to evaluate the influence of operator changes on treatment time and quality.

    Methodology: This is a 4-year cross-sectional retrospective study of preadjusted Edgewise two-arch appliance cases treated by single/ multiple operators and finished/debonded by the author. 60 singleoperator (Group 1) and 82 multiple-operator (Group 2) cases were selected and the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) Index was used to measure treatment outcome.

    Results: Group 1 (2.31 years, SD.86) had statistically significantly shorter treatment time than Group 2 (3.25 years, SD1.23). Mean % reduction in PAR scores was high (88.7%), although single operators (92%) showed a slightly higher (p=.04) reduction than multiple-operator cases (86.2%). Post-treatment PAR score was slightly higher in Group 2 (4.6, SD5.4) compared with Group 1 (2.6, SD2.9). There was no significant difference in post-treatment PAR scores with operator changes from within and outside the clinic although there was difference in treatment duration (p=.0001). Possible predictors of treatment duration included number of failed/changed appointments, extractions and pre-treatment PAR. Multiple linear regression model showed significant association of treatment time with failed/changed appointments (p=.0001) and number of operators (p=.0001) although this contributed to 57.5% of possible factors (r=.762) .

    Conclusion: Change of operator contributes to increased treatment time by 11.3 months. Although standard of treatment was high in both groups there was slightly better outcomes in single operators. The reduction in PAR score can be predicted more accurately in single operators.
  20. Abdul Hamid Nor Faharina, Ishak Hayati, Salleh Muhammad Firdaus, Ahmad Amirul Qayyum
    Malaysian Dental Journal, 2017;2017(1):1-16.
    MyJurnal
    Aim: The Shortened Dental Arch (SDA) concept, proposed as a strategy to prevent prosthodontics overtreatment, is defined as a specific type of dentition with an intact anterior region and a reduction in the occluding pairs of posterior teeth. While this concept has been accepted worldwide, little is known about such a situation in Malaysia. This study was undertaken to determine the attitudes, awareness and opinion of dentists working at the Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia (UiTM) towards the SDA concept. Methods and Methods: All dentists (n=71) working at the Faculty of Dentistry, UiTM were invited to participate in a paper-based questionnaire survey to assess their attitudes, awareness and perception towards the SDA concept. Results: The response rate was 59% (n=42). Overall, 85.7% of respondents were aware of the Kayser’s SDA concept. A majority of them (61.1%) learnt about it through undergraduate studies. Only some respondents reported patients’ dissatisfaction in chewing (29.4%), appearance (8.8%) and comfort (6.3%) following application of the concept. Most participants disagreed that missing molar teeth should be replaced in all patients (52.4%), and supported the application of SDA concept in clinical practice (88.1%). However, some would choose to replace missing molars for older patients in order to provide posterior support (90.5%), prevent anterior wear (52.4%) and improve masticatory function (83.3%). Conclusion: Respondents’ awareness and support for the SDA concept suggested its acceptance as a possible strategy in patient care.
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