Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 178 in total

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  1. Al-Kadhim AHA, Ahmad Bakri NAS, Ameruddin AM, Al-Ani STY, Jaafar A
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Dental officers could be the first medical personal to diagnose HIV/AIDS and cross-contamination may happen. More efforts should be taken to improve knowledge and the behaviour of dental students towards HIV/AIDS patients. The objective of this study is to assess and compare knowledge and the attitude of USIM dental students towards HIV patients.
    Methods: A total of 136 dental students from Year 2 to Year 5 of academic year 2017/2018 participated in this study. Students were consented and briefed about the purpose of the current project prior to answering self-administered questionnaires that have been previously validated.
    Results: The mean total knowledge and attitude score were 69.65% (good) and 68.54(%) (passive), respectively. Both clinical and pre-clinical students have passive attitude towards HIV patients and showed good level of knowledge with 70.81% and 66.39% respectively. There were significant association between sex and knowledge of HIV/AIDS among USIM dental students (p=0.001). There is also a statistically positive weak correlation between knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients.
    Conclusions: USIM dental undergraduates have good knowledge and passive attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients. Improvement of dental curriculum regarding HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients is recommended through conducting activities such as seminar, workshop and small-group discussion among dental students.
    Study site: Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  2. Mardiana Mansor
    MyJurnal
    The article review was to identify, discuss, explore, critically analyze and evaluate the scenario of Human ImmunodeficiencyVirus (HIV) among women in nursing perspective taking into account global perspective. The current aim is to reduce the number of HIV globally, especially among women. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is considered as a disease state of hopelessness and imminent death. HIV and AIDS status demotivate the women emotionally in physical, social, and emotional perspectives. HIV-positive women portray of AIDS is deeply discrediting; with physical failure, moral failure, and social ostracism.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  3. Nasir R, Zainah AZ, Khairudin R, Wan Shahrazad WS, Mohd Norahim MS, Aizan SA
    Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2015;olume 29:1-10.
    Peningkatan jumlah kehamilan luar nikah dalam kalangan remaja perempuan sehingga awal dewasa membimbangkan ramai pihak. Kemahilan luar nikah bukan sahaja boleh mengundang kepada risiko jangkitan HIV/AIDS, malah ia juga boleh membawa kepada masalah lain seperti pembuangan bayi dan pengguguran. Kajian ini dilakukan adalah untuk melihat sejauhmana tahap ganguan kognitif, kemurungan, kesunyian, penghargaan kendiri dan sokongan sosial dalam kalangan wanita hamil tanpa nikah. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa subjek kajian mempunyai tahap sokongan sosial yang sederhana, gangguan kognitif yang rendah; kemurungan, kesunyian dan penghargaan kendiri yang sederhana. Hal ini menunjukkan bahawa wanita hamil tanpa nikah ini masih kurang mendapat sokongan sosial yang sewajarnya dan cenderung untuk mengalami kemurungan dan kesunyian yang berpanjangan. Cadangan intervensi turut dibincangkan di akhir perbincangan kajian.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  4. Wong LP, Chin CK, Low WY, Jaafar N
    Medscape J Med, 2008 Jun 24;10(6):148.
    PMID: 18679535
    PURPOSE: HIV/AIDS poses a serious threat to young people, both in Malaysia and throughout the world. A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about HIV/AIDS among the Malaysian public. This article reports the findings of knowledge about HIV/AIDS among young adults.

    METHODS: A total of 1075 young adult respondents aged 15-24 years participated in this survey. The response rate was 82.2%.

    RESULTS: The data indicated that HIV/AIDS knowledge among the respondents was moderate, with a mean knowledge score of 20.1 out of 32 points. The great majority had adequate knowledge of the major routes of HIV transmission, but fewer were aware of other modes of transmission, such as tattooing and piercing, sharing personal items, and breast-feeding from an infected mother. The great majority knew that HIV is not transmitted by mosquito bites, sharing meals, casual contact, and using public swimming pools and toilets.

    CONCLUSIONS: Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS exist although generally knowledge on HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention was accurate. Education and intervention programs are needed to increase the level of knowledge and awareness of HIV/AIDS. The findings have important implications for the development of primary HIV/AIDS prevention programs for young adults in Malaysia.

    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology*; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/therapy; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission
  5. Ismail SM, Kari F, Kamarulzaman A
    J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care, 2015 12 28;16(5):446-454.
    PMID: 26715489 DOI: 10.1177/2325957415622449
    To determine the socioeconomic impacts among HIV-infected persons in Sudan and examine whether there are significant variations in coping strategies between infected men and women, a primary survey was conducted among infected persons (n = 555). Discriminant function was used to analyze the data. We found significant variation in the coping strategies (
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/economics; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/psychology
  6. Science, 2014 Jul 11;345(6193):164-5.
    PMID: 25013064 DOI: 10.1126/science.345.6193.164
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control
  7. Isa WY, Daud KM
    Intern. Med., 2011;50(16):1765-8.
    PMID: 21841342
    We report a case of renal tubular acidosis (RTA) in a patient with HIV infection and AIDS. A 33-year-old HIV-positive man with Hepatitis C and tuberculous lymphadenitis was admitted due to deep venous thrombosis and generalized muscle weakness. He had never received anti-retroviral medication. The blood gases and serum electrolytes showed hyperchloremic normal anion gap metabolic acidosis with severe hypokalemia and alkaline urine. Diagnosis of distal RTA was made. His renal function and serum globulin level remained within normal range throughout his illness. Clinicians should be alert to renal tubular disorders in HIV/AIDS patients even in the absence of anti-retroviral therapy or hypergammaglobulinemic state.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis
  8. Subramaniam S, Balasubramaniam V, Sinniah M, Thayan R, Lim LY
    Malays J Pathol, 1993 Dec;15(2):143-6.
    PMID: 8065176
    HIV-1 antibody patterns in two groups, those infected by the intravenous route (IV drug users) and those infected by the sexual route (prostitutes, male homosexuals and sexually transmitted disease patients) were compared using the Western blot technique. A total of 160 cases were studied. The intravenous drug user (IVDU) group appeared to respond to fewer antibody markers than the sexually infected group, the difference being significant for markers p31, p51, p55, p66, gp41 and gp120. Furthermore, a higher proportion (63%) of the sexually infected group carried antibodies to all Western blot markers as compared to the IVDU group (49%).
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology*; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission*
  9. Ismail R
    AIDS, 1998;12 Suppl B:S33-41.
    PMID: 9679627
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology*; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control
  10. Brown T
    AIDS Care, 1997 Feb;9(1):43-9.
    PMID: 9155914
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control
  11. Lee JK
    Med J Malaysia, 1993 Mar;48(1):93-4.
    PMID: 8341180
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis
  12. Maniam T, Abu Bakar AK
    Med J Malaysia, 1988 Jun;43(2):166-9.
    PMID: 3237133
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications*; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis
  13. Dore GJ, Kaldor JM, Ungchusak K, Mertens TE
    Med J Aust, 1996 Nov 4;165(9):494-8.
    PMID: 8937371
    The incidence of new HIV infections in Asia and the Pacific will soon pass that in Africa and is projected to increase into the next century. The AIDS epidemic arising from these infections will have enormous consequences for the health and socioeconomic development of a region encompassing more than half the world's population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology*; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission*
  14. Chen MY, Lee CN
    Adv Pharmacol, 2000;49:417-36.
    PMID: 11013770
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology*; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission
  15. Ruger JP, Chawarski M, Mazlan M, Ng N, Schottenfeld R
    PLoS One, 2012;7(12):e50673.
    PMID: 23226534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050673
    AIMS: To aid public health policymaking, we studied the cost-effectiveness of buprenorphine, naltrexone, and placebo interventions for heroin dependence in Malaysia.

    DESIGN: We estimated the cost-effectiveness ratios of three treatments for heroin dependence. We used a microcosting methodology to determine fixed, variable, and societal costs of each intervention. Cost data were collected from investigators, staff, and project records on the number and type of resources used and unit costs; societal costs for participants' time were estimated using Malaysia's minimum wage. Costs were estimated from a provider and societal perspective and reported in 2004 US dollars.

    SETTING: Muar, Malaysia.

    PARTICIPANTS: 126 patients enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in Malaysia (2003-2005) receiving counseling and buprenorphine, naltrexone, or placebo for treatment of heroin dependence.

    MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcome measures included days in treatment, maximum consecutive days of heroin abstinence, days to first heroin use, and days to heroin relapse. Secondary outcome measures included treatment retention, injection drug use, illicit opiate use, AIDS Risk Inventory total score, and drug risk and sex risk subscores.

    FINDINGS: Buprenorphine was more effective and more costly than naltrexone for all primary and most secondary outcomes. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were below $50 for primary outcomes, mostly below $350 for secondary outcomes. Naltrexone was dominated by placebo for all secondary outcomes at almost all endpoints. Incremental treatment costs were driven mainly by medication costs, especially the price of buprenorphine.

    CONCLUSIONS: Buprenorphine appears to be a cost-effective alternative to naltrexone that might enhance economic productivity and reduce drug use over a longer term.

    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/economics; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology
  16. Wolffers I, Fernandez I
    Lancet, 1995 Nov 11;346(8985):1303.
    PMID: 7475751
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission*
  17. Mondal MN, Shitan M
    Jpn J Infect Dis, 2013;66(5):421-4.
    PMID: 24047742
    Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) presents a serious healthcare threat to young individuals in Malaysia and worldwide. This study aimed to identify trends in HIV-related risk behaviors among recognized high-risk groups and to estimate HIV transmission up to the year 2015. Data and necessary information were obtained from the Ministry of Health Malaysia, published reports from the World Health Organization and United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS, and other articles. The Estimation and Projection Package was used to estimate HIV transmission. The results of the present study revealed that within the high-risk groups, intravenous drug users (IDUs) had the highest prevalence rate of HIV transmission, followed by patients with sexually transmitted infections (STIs), female sex workers (SWs), and men who have sex with men (MSM). Within these at-risk populations, patients with STIs have the highest prevalence of HIV, followed by IDUs, MSM, and SWs. If the transmission rate continues to increase, the situation will worsen; therefore, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive prevention program to control HIV transmission in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology*; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission*
  18. Okamura T, Tsujimura Y, Soma S, Takahashi I, Matsuo K, Yasutomi Y
    J Gen Virol, 2016 Dec;97(12):3413-3426.
    PMID: 27902330 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000641
    Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection models in cynomolgus macaques are important for analysis of the pathogenesis of immunodeficiency virus and for studies on the efficacy of new vaccine candidates. However, very little is known about the pathogenesis of SIV or simian human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) in cynomolgus macaques from different Asian countries. In the present study, we analysed the infectivity and pathogenicity of CCR5-tropic SIVmac and those of dual-tropic SHIV89.6P inoculated into cynomolgus macaques in Indonesian, Malaysian or Philippine origin. The plasma viral loads in macaques infected with either SIVmac239 or SHIV89.6P were maintained at high levels. CD4+ T cell levels in macaques infected with SIVmac239 gradually decreased. All of the macaques infected with SHIV89.6P showed greatly reduced CD4+ T-cell numbers within 6 weeks of infection. Eight of the 11 macaques infected with SIVmac239 were killed due to AIDS symptoms after 2-4.5 years, while four of the five macaques infected with SHIV89.6P were killed due to AIDS symptoms after 1-3.5 years. We also analysed cynomolgus macaques infected intrarectally with repeated low, medium or high doses of SIVmac239, SIVmac251 or SHIV89.6P. Infection was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR at more than 5000, 300 and 500 TCID50 for SIVmac239, SIVmac251 and SHIV89.6P, respectively. The present study indicates that cynomolgus macaques of Asian origin are highly susceptible to SIVmac and SHIV infection by both intravenous and mucosal routes. These models will be useful for studies on virus pathogenesis, vaccination and therapeutics against human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/pathology; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/virology*
  19. Chuah SY, Leong CK, Pang CW
    Singapore Med J, 2003 May;44(5):261-7.
    PMID: 13677363
    Opium addicts (OA) with no biliary symptoms have been shown to have dilated common bile duct (CBD). Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) without biliary drainage in such asymptomatic OA is hazardous. Hence it is not indicated unless there are clear clinical and laboratory evidences of biliary stasis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/pathology; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission
  20. Koh KC
    Med J Malaysia, 2014 Aug;69 Suppl A:68-81.
    PMID: 25417954 MyJurnal
    Two hundred fifty seven articles related to HIV/AIDS were found in a search through a database dedicated to indexing all original data relevant to medicine published in Malaysia between the years 2000-2013. One hundred seventy one articles were selected and reviewed on the basis of clinical relevance and future research implications. This review of literature has been divided into six sections, namely, epidemiology, risk behaviour, clinical features and opportunistic infections, management, diagnosis and discussion. Wherever possible, the reviewed articles have been presented in a chronological order to provide a historical perspective to the reader as many of the results of earlier publications, which are common knowledge now, were relatively unknown then. Since the early days of the HIV epidemic in Malaysia, there have been rapid advances in the understanding and the management of the epidemic in Malaysia based on the insights derived from the results of these research. These insights are invaluable tools for policy makers, advocators, healthcare providers, researchers and everyone and anyone who are involved in the care of individuals with HIV/AIDS. Attempts have been made to identify gaps in certain research areas with the hope of providing directions for future research in HIV/AIDS in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
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