Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 1067 in total

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  1. Mahmod SS, Azahar AM, Luthfi AAI, Abdul PM, Mastar MS, Anuar N, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2020 06 08;10(1):9167.
    PMID: 32514030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65702-w
    Two-stage anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a promising method for converting the waste from the largest agricultural industry in Southeast Asia into a clean and sustainable energy. This study investigates the degradation of acid-rich effluent from the dark fermentation stage for the production of biomethane (BioCH4) in a 30-L continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR). The continuous methanogenic process was operated with varied HRTs (10 - 1 day) and OLRs (4.6-40.6 gCOD/L.d-1) under thermophilic conditions. Methanothermobacter sp. was the dominant thermophilic archaea that was responsible for the production rate of 4.3 LCH4/LPOME.d-1 and methane yield of 256.77 LCH4kgCOD at HRT of 2 d, which is the lowest HRT reported in the literature. The process was able to digest 85% and 64% of the initial POME's COD and TSS, respectively. The formation of methane producing granules (MPG) played a pivotal role in sustaining the efficient and productive anaerobic system. We report herein that the anaerobic digestion was not only beneficial in reducing the contaminants in the liquid effluent, but generating BioCH4 gas with a positive net energy gain of 7.6 kJ/gCOD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
  2. Deva MP
    Int Psychiatry, 2005 Apr;2(8):14-16.
    PMID: 31507809
    Malaysia is a tropical country in the heart of South East Asia, at the crossroads of the ancient east-west sea trade routes. Although independent from British colonial rule only in 1957, it has a recorded history dating back to at least the first century CE, when the region was already the source of valuable mineral and forest produce that found markets in China, India and further west.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
  3. Chia YC
    J Hypertens, 2016 Sep;34 Suppl 1 - ISH 2016 Abstract Book:e4-e5.
    PMID: 27753807
    Conference abstract:
    Hypertension is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. It is highly prevalent throughout the world. Even in regions liike South-East Asia (SEA) which has been perceived to be less prone to cardiovascular diseases, the prevalence of hypertension has been reported to be around 35% (1). Awareness and control of hypertension in SEA is also low, both being less than 50% each (2).Control of hypertension is an interplay between patients, doctors and system factors. One of the reasons for poor control of hypertension is resistant hypertension. Resistant hypertension is defined as blood presure that remains above goal despite being on three concurrent anti-hypertensive medications preferbaly one of which is a diuretic (3).True resistant hypertension should be differiented from secondary hypertension and pseudo-resistant hypertension. Resistant hypertension is almost always multi-factorial in aetiology. The exact prevalence of resistant hypertenion even in developed countries is not known It has been estimated that it is as high as 20-30% in clinical trial patients (4)Not many studies about resistant hypertension have been done in SEA but one done in an outpatient clinic in Thailand found it to be 7.82% Another study also done in a primary care clinc in Malaysia on 1217 patients with hypertension found the prevalence of resistant hypertension to be 8.8%. (6) Here it was found that the presence of chronic kidney disease was more likely to be associated with resistant hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 2.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.56-5.35). Other factors like increasing age, female gender, presence of diabetes, obesity and left ventricular hypertrophyage which have been found to be predictors of resistant hypertension in other studies in the west were not seen in this study. There are various reasons for these findingsBut whatever the factors are that are associated with uncontrolled hypertension, the task is to sort out true resistant hypertension from pseudo-resistant hypertension and secondary casues of hypertension which may be treatable. A concerted effort is needed to reduce the BP in resistant hypertension. Failure to do so would mean a substantal increase in CV risk for the patient.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
  4. Barua P, Bangpan M, Narattharaksa K, Suphanchaimat R, Chaiyakunapruk N
    J Immigr Minor Health, 2020 Jun;22(3):597-620.
    PMID: 31741181 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-019-00945-y
    This study aimed at summarizing the existing health policies for stateless populations living in the 10 ASEAN countries: Brunei, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. We followed scoping review method recommended by Arksey and O'Malley. Our inclusion criteria were based on three concepts: populations (stateless and undocumented people), issues (healthcare policies and regulations), and settings (10 ASEAN countries). Our findings suggest that none of the ASEAN countries have explicit healthcare policies for stateless people except Thailand. We also observed that ratification of international human rights treaties relating to the right to health does not necessarily translate into the provision of healthcare policies for stateless population. Although Thailand seems like the only country among 10 ASIAN countries having health policies for stateless populations in the country, the question remains whether having a policy would lead to a proper implementation by ensuring right to health.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
  5. Stekolnikov AA
    Zootaxa, 2021 Jan 19;4913(1):zootaxa.4913.1.1.
    PMID: 33756596 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4913.1.1
    Chigger mites (Acariformes: Trombiculidae) of Southeast Asia, including Myanmar, Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, and the Philippines have been revised based on reference data and examination of type materials in European collections of chiggers. For 450 species of 49 genera synonymy, collection data on types, lists of known host species and lists of countries are given. The lists of hosts include in total 649 valid species and subspecies of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and arthropods. Two new synonyms were established: Doloisia (Doloisia) Oudemans, 1910 (= Doloisia (Trisetoisia) Vercammen-Grandjean, 1968, syn. nov.) and Gahrliepia lui Chen and Hsu, 1955 (= Gahrliepia (Gateria) octosetosa Chen, Hsu and Wang, 1956, syn. nov.). Twenty-seven new combinations were proposed: Walchia (Ripiaspichia) biliranensis (Brown, 1997), comb. nov., Walchia (Ripiaspichia) huberti (Upham and Nadchatram, 1968), comb. nov., Walchia (Ripiaspichia) parmulaseta (Brown, 1997), comb. nov., and Walchia (Ripiaspichia) serrata (Brown and Goff, 1988), comb. nov., transferred from Gahrliepia Oudemans, 1912; Farrellioides consuetum (Womersley, 1952), comb. nov. (originally in Trombicula Berlese, 1905), Farrellioides nakatae (Nadchatram and Traub, 1964), comb. nov. (originally in Leptotrombidium Nagayo, Miyagawa, Mitamura and Imamura, 1916), and Farrellioides striatum (Nadchatram and Traub, 1964), comb. nov. (originally in Leptotrombidium), transferred from Euschoengastia Ewing, 1938; Guntheria (Phyllacarus) bushlandi (Philip, 1947), comb. nov. (originally in Ascoschoengastia Ewing, 1946), transferred from Guntherana Womersley and Heaslip, 1943 (syn. of Guntheria Womersley, 1939); Kayella masta (Traub and Sundermeyer, 1950), comb. nov. (originally in Ascoschoengastia), transferred from Cordiseta Hoffmann, 1954; Neoschoengastia stekolnikovi (Kalúz, 2016), comb. nov., transferred from Hypogastia Vercammen-Grandjean, 1967; Susa chiropteraphilus (Brown, 1997), comb. nov., Susa masawanensis (Brown, 1998), comb. nov., and Susa palawanensis (Brown and Goff, 1988), comb. nov., transferred from Cheladonta Lipovsky, Crossley and Loomis, 1955; Ericotrombidium cosmetopode (Vercammen-Grandjean and Langston, 1971), comb. nov., transferred from Leptotrombidium; Eutrombicula gigarara (Brown, 1997), comb. nov., transferred from Siseca Audy, 1956; Microtrombicula eltoni (Audy, 1956), comb. nov., transferred from Eltonella Audy, 1956; Trombiculindus alethrix (Traub and Nadchatram, 1967), comb. nov., Trombiculindus cuteanum (Vercammen-Grandjean and Langston, 1976), comb. nov., Trombiculindus frondosum (Traub and Nadchatram, 1967), comb. nov., Trombiculindus hastatum (Gater, 1932), comb. nov., Trombiculindus lepismatum (Traub and Nadchatram, 1967), comb. nov., Trombiculindus limi (Traub and Nadchatram, 1967), comb. nov., Trombiculindus maxwelli (Traub and Nadchatram, 1967), comb. nov., Trombiculindus roseannleilaniae (Brown, 1992), comb. nov., Trombiculindus sarisatum (Traub and Nadchatram, 1967), comb. nov., Trombiculindus vanpeeneni (Hadi and Carney, 1977), comb. nov., and Trombiculindus yooni (Traub and Nadchatram, 1967), comb. nov., transferred from Leptotrombidium.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
  6. Chaudakshetrin P, Cardosa MS, Goh CR, Javier FO, Musba AMT, Prateepavanich P, et al.
    Pain, 2020 09;161 Suppl 1:S87-S94.
    PMID: 33090741 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001871
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
  7. Kobayashi MJ, Ng KKS, Lee SL, Muhammad N, Tani N
    Am J Bot, 2020 11;107(11):1491-1503.
    PMID: 33190268 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1557
    PREMISE: Leaf phenology is an essential developmental process in trees and an important component in understanding climate change. However, little is known about the regulation of leaf phenology in tropical trees.

    METHODS: To understand the regulation by temperature of leaf phenology in tropical trees, we performed daily observations of leaf production under rainfall-independent conditions using saplings of Shorea leprosula and Neobalanocarpus heimii, both species of Dipterocarpaceae, a dominant tree family of Southeast Asia. We analyzed the time-series data obtained using empirical dynamic modeling (EDM) and conducted growth chamber experiments.

    RESULTS: Leaf production by dipterocarps fluctuated in the absence of fluctuation in rainfall, and the peaks of leaf production were more frequent than those of day length, suggesting that leaf production cannot be fully explained by these environmental factors, although they have been proposed as regulators of leaf phenology in dipterocarps. Instead, EDM suggested a causal relationship between temperature and leaf production in dipterocarps. Leaf production by N. heimii saplings in chambers significantly increased when temperature was increased after long-term low-temperature treatment. This increase in leaf production was observed even when only nighttime temperature was elevated, suggesting that the effect of temperature on development is not mediated by photosynthesis.

    CONCLUSIONS: Because seasonal variation in temperature in the tropics is small, effects on leaf phenology have been overlooked. However, our results suggest that temperature is a regulator of leaf phenology in dipterocarps. This information will contribute to better understanding of the effects of climate change in the tropics.

    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
  8. Yap PSX, Tan TS, Chan YF, Tee KK, Kamarulzaman A, Teh CSJ
    J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2020 Jul 28;30(7):962-966.
    PMID: 32627759 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2006.06009
    Monitoring the mutation dynamics of human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical in understanding its infectivity, virulence and pathogenicity for development of a vaccine. In an "age of mobility," the pandemic highlights the importance and vulnerability of regionalization and labor market interdependence in Southeast Asia. We intend to characterize the genetic variability of viral populations within the region to provide preliminary information for regional surveillance in the future. By analyzing 142 complete genomes from South East Asian (SEA) countries, we identified three central variants distinguished by nucleotide and amino acid changes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
  9. Haris SM, Mustafa FB, Raja Ariffin RN
    Environ Manage, 2020 11;66(5):816-825.
    PMID: 32893336 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-020-01355-9
    Environmental nongovernmental organizations (ENGOs) are considered key players for engendering good climate change governance to address both climate change and sustainable development. The participation of ENGOs in climate change governance occurs in a four-phase policy cycle. They include (1) identification of policy options, (2) policy formulation, (3) policy implementation, and (4) policy monitoring and evaluation. The ENGOs, however, have been criticized for their lack of effectiveness, and their roles in tackling climate change remain unclear. To date, the study on the roles and activities of Southeast Asian ENGOs in climate change governance has been under-researched. This study, therefore, applies a systematic literature review of 19 published articles from Scopus and Web of Science-indexed journal to understand the current state of the Southeast Asian ENGOs participation in climate change governance based on the four-phase policy cycle. The findings show that the ENGOs in Southeast Asia are involved directly and indirectly in climate change governance. They are significant actors in the implementation of the climate change policy, but they play a minimal role in the formulation of said policy. It implies that they could also be a vital partner to the government in the climate change governance process as they can bring effective policy improvements. Lastly, this review will recommend future avenues of research for scholars.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
  10. McCalmont J, Kho LK, Teh YA, Lewis K, Chocholek M, Rumpang E, et al.
    Glob Chang Biol, 2021 Jun;27(11):2361-2376.
    PMID: 33528067 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15544
    Need for regional economic development and global demand for agro-industrial commodities have resulted in large-scale conversion of forested landscapes to industrial agriculture across South East Asia. However, net emissions of CO2 from tropical peatland conversions may be significant and remain poorly quantified, resulting in controversy around the magnitude of carbon release following conversion. Here we present long-term, whole ecosystem monitoring of carbon exchange from two oil palm plantations on converted tropical peat swamp forest. Our sites compare a newly converted oil palm plantation (OPnew) to a mature oil palm plantation (OPmature) and combine them in the context of existing emission factors. Mean annual net emission (NEE) of CO2 measured at OPnew during the conversion period (137.8 Mg CO2  ha-1  year-1 ) was an order of magnitude lower during the measurement period at OPmature (17.5 Mg CO2  ha-1  year-1 ). However, mean water table depth (WTD) was shallower (0.26 m) than a typical drainage target of 0.6 m suggesting our emissions may be a conservative estimate for mature plantations, mean WTD at OPnew was more typical at 0.54 m. Reductions in net emissions were primarily driven by increasing biomass accumulation into highly productive palms. Further analysis suggested annual peat carbon losses of 24.9 Mg CO2 -C ha-1  year-1 over the first 6 years, lower than previous estimates for this early period from subsidence studies, losses reduced to 12.8 Mg CO2 -C ha-1  year-1 in the later, mature phase. Despite reductions in NEE and carbon loss over time, the system remained a large net source of carbon to the atmosphere after 12 years with the remaining 8 years of a typical plantation's rotation unlikely to recoup losses. These results emphasize the need for effective protection of tropical peatlands globally and strengthening of legislative enforcement where moratoria on peatland conversion already exist.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
  11. Mandal A, Mani AK, Lamech R, Anandajothi E, Venkatachalam SA, Dinakaran GK, et al.
    Biochem Genet, 2021 Aug;59(4):856-869.
    PMID: 33544298 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10032-3
    Misleading identification and subsequent publications on biological, molecular, and aquaculture data of mangrove mud crab (genus Scylla de Hann 1833) is a major concern in many countries. In this study, multiple molecular markers were used for genetic identification of all four known mud crab species under genus Scylla collected from India, Philippines, Myanmar, Malaysia and Indonesia. Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS-1), Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and PCR-based species-specific markers were used to resolve taxonomic ambiguity. PCR-RFLP techniques using NlaIV and BsaJI restriction endonucleases were efficient to differentiate four different mud crab species under genus Scylla with specific fragment profile. The results also justified the use of ITS-1 and PCR-based species-specific markers to identify mud crab species available in many countries quite rapidly and effectively. Several new molecular markers generated during the study are reported here to resolve the taxonomic ambiguity of Scylla species and the results reconfirmed that India is only having two commonly available mud crab species which was reported by the authors earlier.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
  12. Khor GL, Tee ES, Kandiah M
    World Rev Nutr Diet, 1990;61:1-40.
    PMID: 2408252
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
  13. Tian M, Deuve T
    Zookeys, 2016.
    PMID: 27408560 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.594.8768
    The sarawakensis species group of the termitophilous carabid genus Orthogonius MacLeay, 1825 is defined and reviewed. Members of this species group are distributed in Southeast Asia and represented by four species, including two new species: Orthogonius sabahicus sp. n. (Sabah, northern Borneo, Malaysia) and Orthogonius morvanianus sp. n. (southern Thailand). A key to all species of the species group is also provided.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
  14. Noman AHM, Gee CS, Isa CR
    PLoS One, 2017;12(5):e0176546.
    PMID: 28486548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176546
    This study examines the influence of competition on the financial stability of the commercial banks of Association of Southeast Asian Nation (ASEAN) over the 1990 to 2014 period. Panzar-Rosse H-statistic, Lerner index and Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) are used as measures of competition, while Z-score, non-performing loan (NPL) ratio and equity ratio are used as measures of financial stability. Two-step system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimates demonstrate that competition measured by H-statistic is positively related to Z-score and equity ratio, and negatively related to non-performing loan ratio. Conversely, market power measured by Lerner index is negatively related to Z-score and equity ratio and positively related to NPL ratio. These results strongly support the competition-stability view for ASEAN banks. We also capture the non-linear relationship between competition and financial stability by incorporating a quadratic term of competition in our models. The results show that the coefficient of the quadratic term of H-statistic is negative for the Z-score model given a positive coefficient of the linear term in the same model. These results support the non-linear relationship between competition and financial stability of the banking sector. The study contains significant policy implications for improving the financial stability of the commercial banks.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
  15. Wijedasa LS, Page SE, Evans CD, Osaki M
    Science, 2016 11 04;354(6312):562.
    PMID: 27811262
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
  16. Sandosham AA
    Med J Malaysia, 1977 Mar;31(3):176-9.
    PMID: 904507
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
  17. Retneswari, M.
    JUMMEC, 2008;11(2):37-38.
    MyJurnal
    The crux of the current health problem is the alarming increase of dengue cases in the country. Dengue fever is endemic in Southeast Asia with Malaysia seeing dengue cases surge since 2003. The Health Minister of Malaysia has reported that the acute increase in dengue cases is worrying and could hit the country's productivity, tourism industry and economy.(Copied from article).

    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
  18. FALK IS
    Am J Public Health Nations Health, 1958 Apr;48(4):448-53.
    PMID: 13521084
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
  19. Ivshin N, Krutov V, Romanov D
    Zootaxa, 2018 Jul 23;4450(1):1-25.
    PMID: 30313854 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.1.1
    Two new species and one subspecies of the genus Cechetra Zolotuhin Ryabov, 2012 are described from South-East Asia. Cechetra bryki sp.n. is described from Nepal, Myanmar (Burma), southwestern China and northern Vietnam. This species is most closely related in habitus, male genitalia morphology and COI mtDNA to the sympatric species, C. lineosa (Walker, 1856) and C. scotti (Rothschild, 1920) in habitus, male genitalia morphology and COI mtDNA. Cechetra inconspicua sp.n. is described from Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo and Sumatra. In habitus, it is closest to C. lineosa and C.subangustata (Rothschild, 1920), but its COI mtDNA (COI-5P "barcode region") is very different from all other species in the genus. Cechetra subangustata continentalis ssp.n. is described from continental Indochina and Taiwan. It differs from the nominotypical subspecies in habitus. Cechetra scotti comb. nov. is transferred to Cechetra from Cechenena Rothschild Jordan, 1903.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
  20. Yamasaki T, Hashimoto Y, Endo T, Hyodo F, Itioka T, Meleng P
    Zootaxa, 2018 Nov 14;4521(3):335-356.
    PMID: 30486151 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4521.3.2
    The genus Myrmarachne MacLeay, 1839 (Araneae: Salticidae) is one of the most diversified salticid groups in Southeast Asia, with 23 species previously recorded from Borneo. Based on the collections accumulated from 2004 to 2014 in the Lambir Hills National Park, we herein describe six new species: M. amabilis sp. nov., M. hashimotoi sp. nov., M. lagarosoma sp. nov., M. leptosoma sp. nov., M. salaputium sp. nov. and M. tintinnabulum sp. nov. In addition, we describe the female of M. endoi Yamasaki Ahmad, 2013 for the first time. The male-female combination in M. amabilis sp. nov., M. tintinnabulum sp. nov. and M. endoi were confirmed by DNA barcoding.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia, Southeastern
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