MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Luyang Health Clinic from 1st June 2020 to 3rd September 2020. A self-interviewed questionnaire comprises of three sections; sociodemographic, Wake Forest Physician Trust Scale (WFS) and Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS) was completed by 281 respondents. Glycaemic control is based on the latest Hba1c profile of the respondents. Descriptive and nonparametric bivariate analysis were performed using IBM SPSS version 26.
RESULTS: The median (IQR) level of trust in physician was 43(8) out of a possible score range of 10 to 50. Trust in physician was correlated with treatment adherence (r=-0.12, p=0.048). There was no significant association between trust in physician with sociodemographic factors, which include age (p=0.33), gender (p=0.46), ethnicity (p=0.70), education level (p=0.50), and household income (p=0.37). Similarly, there was no significant association between the level of trust in physician with glycaemic control (p=0.709).
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, trust in physician was associated with treatment adherence but not with glycaemic control. In our local context, the glycaemic control could be due to other factors. Further studies should include a multicentre population to assess other potential factors that could contribute to glycaemic control.
METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, single-center study involving adults with established COPD (n = 186) divided into those with or without hospital admissions for acute exacerbation. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in patients with no known history of dysglycemia.
RESULTS: There were 16 patients who had overt diabetes, and 32 had prediabetes following the OGTT. Forty percent had histories of hospital admissions for COPD exacerbations. Both groups demonstrated similar 2-h post prandial glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose. The incidences of newly diagnosed dysglycemia were higher in both groups (40.8% vs 34.6%, p = 0.57). Cumulative days of admission (≥6 days/year) and weight (≥65 kg) were identified as predictors for dysglycemia within the study population.
DISCUSSION: This study demonstrated a high number of overt and newly diagnosed dysglycemia among COPD patients who had no previous history of abnormal glucose. Recent acute exacerbations of COPD could have a negative impact on glycemia, although the results did not attain statistical significance. However, there is a need for adequate screening for dysglycemia, particularly among those with frequent acute exacerbations of their condition.
METHODS: A retrospective observational study of 60 type 1 and 100 type 2 diabetes subjects. All underwent professional continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for 3-6 days and recorded self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG). Indices were calculated from both CGM and SMBG. Statistical analyses included regression and area under receiver operator curve (AUC) analyses.
RESULTS: Hypoglycemia frequency (53.3% vs. 24%, P Blood Glucose Index (LBGI)CGM, Glycemic Risk Assessment Diabetes Equation (GRADE)HypoglycemiaCGM, and Hypoglycemia IndexCGM predicted hypoglycemia well. %CVCGM and %CVSMBG consistently remained a robust discriminator of hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes (AUC 0.88). In type 2 diabetes, a combination of HbA1c and %CVSMBG or LBGISMBG could help discriminate hypoglycemia.
CONCLUSION: Assessment of glycemia should go beyond HbA1c and incorporate measures of GV and glycemic indices. %CVSMBG in type 1 diabetes and LBGISMBG or a combination of HbA1c and %CVSMBG in type 2 diabetes discriminated hypoglycemia well. In defining hypoglycemia risk using GV and glycemic indices, diabetes subtypes and data source (CGM vs. SMBG) must be considered.
OBJECTIVE: In this paper, we review the health beneficial effects of polyphenols and phlorotannins from brown seaweeds with special emphasis on their inhibitory effects on carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes.
METHODS: A survey of literature from databases such as Sciencedirect, Scopus, Pubmed, Springerlink, and Google Scholar from the year 1973 to 2013 was done to bring together the information relating to drug discovery from brown seaweeds as a source for diabetes treatment.
RESULTS: Over the past two decades, 20 different bioactive polyphenols/phlorotannins have been isolated and studied from 10 different brown algae. Discussion of the positive effect on the inhibition of enzymes metabolizing carbohydrates in both in vitro and in vivo experiments are included.
CONCLUSION: Despite the recent advancements in isolating bioactive compounds from seaweeds with potential health benefit or pharmaceutical behavior, studies on the polyphenol effectiveness on glucose homeostasis in human beings are very few in response to their functional characterization. Added research in this area is required to confirm the close connection of polyphenol rich seaweed-based diet consumption with glucose homeostasis and the exciting possibility of prescribing polyphenols to treat the diabetes pandemic.