Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 1716 in total

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  1. Chai AWY, Yee SM, Lee HM, Abdul Aziz N, Yee PS, Marzuki M, et al.
    Cancer Res Commun, 2024 Mar 04;4(3):645-659.
    PMID: 38358347 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.CRC-23-0341
    Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a cancer that is etiologically associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), is endemic in Southern China and Southeast Asia. The scarcity of representative NPC cell lines owing to the frequent loss of EBV episomes following prolonged propagation and compromised authenticity of previous models underscores the critical need for new EBV-positive NPC models. Herein, we describe the establishment of a new EBV-positive NPC cell line, designated NPC268 from a primary non-keratinizing, differentiated NPC tissue. NPC268 can undergo productive lytic reactivation of EBV and is highly tumorigenic in immunodeficient mice. Whole-genome sequencing revealed close similarities with the tissue of origin, including large chromosomal rearrangements, while whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and RNA sequencing demonstrated a hypomethylated genome and enrichment in immune-related pathways, respectively. Drug screening of NPC268 together with six other NPC cell lines using 339 compounds, representing the largest high-throughput drug testing in NPC, revealed biomarkers associated with specific drug classes. NPC268 represents the first and only available EBV-positive non-keratinizing differentiated NPC model, and extensive genomic, methylomic, transcriptomic, and drug response data should facilitate research in EBV and NPC, where current models are limited.

    SIGNIFICANCE: NPC268 is the first and only EBV-positive cell line derived from a primary non-keratinizing, differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma, an understudied but important subtype in Southeast Asian countries. This model adds to the limited number of authentic EBV-positive lines globally that will facilitate mechanistic studies and drug development for NPC.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line, Tumor
  2. Mokhtar N, Karunakaran T, Santhanam R, Abu Bakar MH, Jong VYM
    Nat Prod Res, 2024;38(5):873-878.
    PMID: 37005001 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2196075
    Genus Calophyllum is well-known for its phenolic constituents, especially coumarins, which have shown to have a wide range of significant biological activities. In this study, four known phenolic constituents and two triterpenoids have been isolated from the stem bark of Calophyllum lanigerum. The compounds were two pyranochromanone acids are known as caloteysmannic acid (1), isocalolongic acid (2), a simple dihydroxyxanthone, namely euxanthone (3), one coumarin named calanone (4), and two common triterpenoids, friedelin (5), and stigmasterol (6). Chromanone acids were reported for the first time in this Calophyllum species. Cytotoxic evaluations were carried out on n-hexane extract (87.14 ± 2.04 µg/mL; 81.46 ± 2.42 µg/mL) followed by the chromanone acids (1 [79.96 ± 2.39 µM; 83.41 ± 3.39 µM] & 2 [57.88 ± 2.34; 53.04 ± 3.18 µM]) against two cancerous cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MG-63 cell lines, respectively. The results showed that all tested samples exhibited moderate cytotoxicity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line
  3. Shah PS, Link N, Jang GM, Sharp PP, Zhu T, Swaney DL, et al.
    Cell, 2018 Dec 13;175(7):1931-1945.e18.
    PMID: 30550790 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.11.028
    Mosquito-borne flaviviruses, including dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV), are a growing public health concern. Systems-level analysis of how flaviviruses hijack cellular processes through virus-host protein-protein interactions (PPIs) provides information about their replication and pathogenic mechanisms. We used affinity purification-mass spectrometry (AP-MS) to compare flavivirus-host interactions for two viruses (DENV and ZIKV) in two hosts (human and mosquito). Conserved virus-host PPIs revealed that the flavivirus NS5 protein suppresses interferon stimulated genes by inhibiting recruitment of the transcription complex PAF1C and that chemical modulation of SEC61 inhibits DENV and ZIKV replication in human and mosquito cells. Finally, we identified a ZIKV-specific interaction between NS4A and ANKLE2, a gene linked to hereditary microcephaly, and showed that ZIKV NS4A causes microcephaly in Drosophila in an ANKLE2-dependent manner. Thus, comparative flavivirus-host PPI mapping provides biological insights and, when coupled with in vivo models, can be used to unravel pathogenic mechanisms.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line, Tumor
  4. Hanifa B, Bibi N, Sirajuddin M, Tiekink ERT, Kubicki M, Khan I, et al.
    J Biomol Struct Dyn, 2024;42(4):1826-1845.
    PMID: 37114651 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2204160
    Three triorganotin(IV) compounds, R3Sn(L), with R = CH3 (1), n-C4H9 (2) and C6H5 (3), and LH = 4-[(2-chloro-4-methylphenyl)carbamoyl]butanoic acid, were prepared and confirmed by various techniques. A five-coordinate, distorted trigonal-bipyramidal geometry was elucidated for tin(IV) centres both in solution and solid states. An intercalation mode was confirmed for the compound SS-DNA interaction by UV-visible, viscometric techniques and molecular docking. MD simulation revealed stable binding of LH with SS-DNA. Anti-bacterial investigation revealed 2 to be generally the most potent, especially against Sa and Ab, i.e. having the lowest MIC values (≤0.25 μg/mL) compared to the standard anti-biotics vancomycin-HCl (MIC = 1 μg/mL) and colistin-sulphate (MIC = 0.25 μg/mL). Similarly, the anti-fungal profile shows 2 exhibits 100% inhibition against Ca and Cn fungal strains and has MIC values (≤0.25 μg/mL) comparatively lower than standard drug fluconazole (0.125 and 8 μg/mL for Ca and Cn, respectively). Compound 2 has the greatest activity with CC50 ≤ 25 μg/mL and HC50 > 32 μg/mL performed against HEC239 and RBC cell lines. The anti-cancer potential was assessed against the MG-U87 cell line, using cisplatin as the standard (133 µM), indicates 2 displays the greatest activity (IC50: 5.521 µM) at a 5 µM dose. The greatest anti-leishmanial potential was observed for 2 (87.75 at 1000 μg/mL) in comparison to amphotericin B (90.67). The biological assay correlates with the observed maximum of 89% scavenging activity exhibited by 2. The Swiss-ADME data publicised the screened compounds generally follow the rule of 5 of drug-likeness and have good bioavailability potential.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line
  5. Wong CED, Hua K, Monis S, Saxena V, Norazit A, Noor SM, et al.
    J Neurochem, 2021 02;156(4):481-498.
    PMID: 32583440 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15108
    Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been reported to enhance dopaminergic neuron survival and differentiation in vitro and in vivo, although those results are still being debated. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (gdnf) is highly conserved in zebrafish and plays a role in enteric nervous system function. However, little is known about gdnf function in the teleost brain. Here, we employed clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 to impede gdnf function in the maintenance of dopaminergic neuron development. Genotyping of gdnf crispants revealed successful deletions of the coding region with various mutant band sizes and down-regulation of gdnf transcripts at 1, 3 and 7 day(s) post fertilization. Notably, ~20% reduction in ventral diencephalic dopaminergic neuron numbers in clusters 8 and 13 was observed in the gdnf-deficient crispants. In addition, gdnf depletion caused a modest reduction in dopaminergic neurogenesis as determined by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine pulse chase assay. These deleterious effects could be partly attributed to deregulation of dopaminergic neuron fate specification-related transcription factors (otp,lmx1b,shha,and ngn1) in both crispants and established homozygous mutants with whole mount in-situ hybridization (WISH) on gdnf mutants showing reduced otpb and lmx1b.1 expression in the ventral diencephalon. Interestingly, locomotor function of crispants was only impacted at 7 dpf, but not earlier. Lastly, as expected, gdnf deficiency heightened crispants vulnerability to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium toxic insult. Our results suggest conservation of teleost gdnf brain function with mammals and revealed the interactions between gdnf and transcription factors in dopaminergic neuron differentiation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/deficiency*; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics
  6. Vinoth KJ, Manikandan J, Sethu S, Balakrishnan L, Heng A, Lu K, et al.
    J Biotechnol, 2014 Aug 20;184:154-68.
    PMID: 24862194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.05.009
    This study evaluated human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and their differentiated fibroblastic progenies as cellular models for genotoxicity screening. The DNA damage response of hESCs and their differentiated fibroblastic progenies were compared to a fibroblastic cell line (HEPM, CRL1486) and primary cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), upon exposure to Mitomycin C, gamma irradiation and H2O2. It was demonstrated that hESC-derived fibroblastic progenies (H1F) displayed significantly higher chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei formation and double strand break (DSB) formation, as compared to undifferentiated hESC upon exposure to genotoxic stress. Nevertheless, H1F cell types displayed comparable sensitivities to genotoxic challenge as HEPM and PBL, both of which are representative of somatic cell types commonly used for genotoxicity screening. Subsequently, transcriptomic and pathways analysis identified differential expression of critical genes involved in cell death and DNA damage response upon exposure to gamma irradiation. The results thus demonstrate that hESC-derived fibroblastic progenies are as sensitive as commonly-used somatic cell types for genotoxicity screening. Moreover, hESCs have additional advantages, such as their genetic normality compared to immortalized cell lines, as well as their amenability to scale-up for producing large, standardized quantities of cells for genotoxicity screening on an industrial scale, something which can never be achieved with primary cell cultures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line/drug effects; Cell Line/radiation effects
  7. Hasoon MF, Daud HM, Abdullah AA, Arshad SS, Bejo HM
    In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim, 2011 Jan;47(1):16-25.
    PMID: 21082288 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-010-9348-5
    A new cell line, Asian sea bass brain (ASBB), was derived from the brain tissue of Asian sea bass Lates calcarifer. This cell line was maintained in Leibovitz L-15 media supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The ASBB cell line was subcultured more than 60 times over a period of 15 mo. The ASBB cell line consists predominantly of fibroblastic-like cells and was able to grow at temperatures between 20°C and 30°C with an optimum temperature of 25°C. The growth rate of these cells increased as the proportion of FBS increased from 2% to 20% at 25°C with optimum growth at the concentrations of 10% or 15% FBS. Polymerase chain reaction products were obtained from ASBB cells and tissues of sea bass with primer sets of microsatellite markers of sea bass. An isolate of piscine nodavirus from juveniles of marine fish species tested positive by IQ2000 kit for viral nervous necrosis detection and was examined for its infectivity to a fish cell line of ASBB. A marine fish betanodavirus was tested to determine the susceptibility of this new cell line in comparison with commercial highly permissive SSN-1 cells. The ASBB cell line was found to be susceptible to nodavirus (RGNNV genotype), and the infection was confirmed by comparison cytopathic effect (CPE) with commercial SSN-1 and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. A nodavirus was further elucidated by electron microscopy, and the virus tested was shown to induce CPE on ASBB cells with significant high titer. This suggests that the ASBB cell line has good potential for the isolation of fish viruses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line/ultrastructure; Cell Line/virology*
  8. Naqeebullah, Farina Y, Chan KM, Mun LK, Rajab NF, Ooi TC
    Molecules, 2013 Jul 22;18(7):8696-711.
    PMID: 23881054 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18078696
    Three diorganotin(IV) complexes of the general formula R2Sn[RcC(O)N(RN)O] (Rc = aryl, RN = Alkyl) have been synthesized by refluxing in toluene the corresponding diorganotin(IV) oxides with the free ligand N-methyl p-fluorobenzohydroxamic acid, using a Dean and Stark water separator. The ligand was derived from the reaction of the corresponding p-fluorobenzoyl chloride and N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of sodium hydrogen carbonate. The isolated free ligand and its respective diorganotin compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR and 1H-, 13C-, 119Sn-NMR spectroscopies. The crystal structures of the diorganotin complexes have been confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The investigations carried out on the diorganotin(IV) complexes of N-methyl p-fluorobenzohydroxamic acid confirmed a 1:2 stoichiometry. The complex formation took place through the O,O-coordination via the carbonyl oxygen and subsequent deprotonated hydroxyl group to the tin atom. The crystal structures of three diorganotin complexes were determined and were found to adopt six coordination geometries at the tin centre with coordination to two ligand moieties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line, Tumor
  9. Sugiatno E, Samsudin AR, Sosroseno W
    J Appl Biomater Biomech, 2009 Jan-Apr;7(1):29-33.
    PMID: 20740436
    The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the proliferation of hydroxyapatite (HA)-induced human osteoblast cell line (HOS cells) may be up-regulated by exogenous nitric oxide (NO).
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line
  10. Yeap SK, Abu N, Mohamad NE, Beh BK, Ho WY, Ebrahimi S, et al.
    PMID: 26335427 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0832-z
    The progression of breast cancer is increasing at an alarming rate, particularly in western countries. Meanwhile, the lower incidence in Asian countries could be attributed to the heavy incorporation of green leaves vegetables or spices in their diets. Murraya koenigii (MK) or often times known as curry leaves are common spice used mostly in tropical countries. Anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effects of MK aqueous extract on 4T1 breast cancer cell-challenged mice were evaluated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line, Tumor
  11. Khalin I, Alyautdin R, Kocherga G, Bakar MA
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2015;10:3245-67.
    PMID: 25995632 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S77480
    Neurodegenerative causes of blindness and deafness possess a major challenge in their clinical management as proper treatment guidelines have not yet been found. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been established as a promising therapy against neurodegenerative disorders including hearing and visual loss. Unfortunately, the blood-retinal barrier and blood-cochlear barrier, which have a comparable structure to the blood-brain barrier prevent molecules of larger sizes (such as BDNF) from exiting the circulation and reaching the targeted cells. Anatomical features of the eye and ear allow use of local administration, bypassing histo-hematic barriers. This paper focuses on highlighting a variety of strategies proposed for the local administration of the BDNF, like direct delivery, viral gene therapy, and cell-based therapy, which have been shown to successfully improve development, survival, and function of spiral and retinal ganglion cells. The similarities and controversies for BDNF treatment of posterior eye diseases and inner ear diseases have been analyzed and compared. In this review, we also focus on the possibility of translation of this knowledge into clinical practice. And finally, we suggest that using nanoparticulate drug-delivery systems may substantially contribute to the development of clinically viable techniques for BDNF delivery into the cochlea or posterior eye segment, which, ultimately, can lead to a long-term or permanent rescue of auditory and optic neurons from degeneration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line
  12. Kua, Vee May Dianne, Ng Woei Kean, Sreenivasan, Sasidharan, Lai, Ngit Shin
    MyJurnal
    Opioids are opium-like drugs which are commonly used as analgesics to treat moderate to severe pain. Apoptosis is a type of programmed cell death to remove unnecessary or damaged cells in an organism. Recently, the ability of opioids to induce apoptosis especially in cancer cell lines hasgained the interest of many researchers. This fascinating finding hasled to more testing of different kindsof opioids against different kindsof cancer cell lines in the course to search for the potential anticancer drugs. This review provides current information about opioids and apoptosis, and more importantly the compilations of researches over the years on how opioids are related to apoptotic cells death.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line
  13. Yong, Yoong-Soon, Lim, Swee-Cheng, Lee, Ping-Chin, Ling, Yee-Soon
    MyJurnal
    Sponges are major source of numerous cytotoxic compounds that are used for defence as well as adaptation to the environment. Numerous studies have discovered compounds from sponge extracts that were effective against a wide range of cancer cells. In this study, a total of 23 sponges comprising of 19 species were collected from Northeast Borneo. Sponges were treated and extracted using modified Folch extraction method, followed by cytotoxicity assay to determine their effectiveness against different colorectal cancer cells. Our results demonstrate that Monanchora clathrata, Dysidea sp., and Jaspis sp. possess different degrees of cytotoxicity against a wide range of human colorectal cancer cells. Monanchora clathrata (KDT07), Dysidea sp. (KDT09), and Jaspis sp. (KDT18) are among the demosponges which possess significant cytotoxicity against colorectal cancer cell lines, including HCT116, LoVo, SW480, and SW620. KDT08 and KDT21 which fall under the same genus Dysidea, possess insignificant cytotoxicity against colorectal cancer cells suggested environmental factors (symbiotic organisms) play a role in biosynthesizing bioactive compounds. Presented results suggested the importance of intensifying research on isolating and purifying natural products from marine sponges for useful applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line
  14. Gordon DE, Shun-Shion AS, Asnawi AW, Peden AA
    Methods Mol Biol, 2021;2233:115-129.
    PMID: 33222131 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1044-2_8
    Constitutive secretion is predominantly measured by collecting the media from cells and performing plate-based assays. This approach is particularly sensitive to changes in cell number, and a significant amount of effort has to be spent to overcome this. We have developed a panel of quantitative flow cytometry-based assays and reporter cell lines that can be used to measure constitutive secretion. These assays are insensitive to changes in cell number making them very robust and well suited to functional genomic and chemical screens. Here, we outline the key steps involved in generating and using these assays for studying constitutive secretion.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line
  15. Akrawi SH, Gorain B, Nair AB, Choudhury H, Pandey M, Shah JN, et al.
    Pharmaceutics, 2020 Sep 20;12(9).
    PMID: 32962195 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090893
    The potential role of naringenin (NAR), a natural flavonoid, in the treatment of chronic wound has prompted the present research to deliver the drug in nanoemulsion (NE) form, where synergistic role of chitosan was achieved through development of chitosan-coated NAR NE (CNNE). The NE consisted of Capryol 90, Tween 20 and Transcutol P, which was fabricated by low-energy emulsification method to encapsulate NAR within the oil core. The optimization of the formulated NEs was performed using Box-Behnken statistical design to obtain crucial variable parameters that influence globule size, size distribution and surface charge. Finally, the optimized formulation was coated with different concentrations of chitosan and subsequently characterized in vitro. The size of the CNNE was found to be increased when the drug-loaded formulation was coated with chitosan. Controlled release characteristics depicted 67-81% release of NAR from the CNNE, compared to 89% from the NE formulation. Cytotoxicity study of the formulation was performed in vitro using fibroblast cell line (NIH-3T3), where no inhibition in proliferation of the cells was observed with CNNE. Finally, the wound healing potential of the CNNE was evaluated in an abrasion-created wound model in experimental animals where the animals were treated and compared histologically at 0 and 14 days. Significant improvement in construction of the abrasion wound was observed when the animals were treated with formulated CNNE, whereas stimulation of skin regeneration was depicted in the histological examination. Therefore, it could be summarized that the chitosan coating of the developed NAR NE is a potential platform to accelerate healing of wounds.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line
  16. Teh JL, Abdul Rahman SF, Domnic G, Satiyasilan L, Chear NJY, Singh D, et al.
    BMC Res Notes, 2021 Aug 13;14(1):310.
    PMID: 34389056 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05727-0
    OBJECTIVE: The spheroid model provides a physiological platform to study cancer cell biology and drug sensitivity. Usage of bovine collagen I for spheroid assays is costly especially when experiments are conducted in 24-well plates, as high volume of bovine collagen I is needed. The aim of the study was to downsize spheroid assays to a microfluidic 3D cell culture chip and compare the growth, invasion and response to drug/compound of spheroids embedded in the 3D chip to spheroids embedded in 24-well plates.

    RESULTS: Spheroids generated from nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line HK-1 continuously grew and invaded into collagen matrix in a 24-well plate. Similar observations were noticed with spheroids embedded in the 3D chip. Large spheroids in both 24-well plate and the 3D chip disintegrated and invaded into the collagen matrix. Preliminary drug sensitivity assays showed that the growth and invasion of spheroids were inhibited when spheroids were treated with combination of cisplatin and paynantheine at high concentrations, in a 24-well plate. Comparable findings were obtained when spheroids were treated with the same drug combination in the 3D chip. Moving forward, spheroid assays could be performed in the 3D chip in a more high-throughput manner with minimal time and cost.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line
  17. Khan AH, Tye GJ, Noordin R
    Mol Biotechnol, 2020 Sep;62(9):401-411.
    PMID: 32749657 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-020-00265-9
    A broad range of cell lines with characteristic features are used as bio-factories to produce recombinant proteins for basic research and therapeutic purposes. Genetic engineering strategies have been used to manipulate the genome of mammalian cells, insects, and yeasts for heterologous expression. One reason is that the glycosylation pattern of the expression hosts differs somehow from mammalian cells, which may cause immunogenic reactions upon administration in humans. CRISPR-Cas9 is a simple, efficient, and versatile genome engineering tool that can be programmed to precisely make double-stranded breaks at the desired loci. Compared to the classical genome editing methods, a CRISPR-Cas9 system is an ideal tool, providing the opportunity to integrate or delete genes from the target organisms. Besides broadened applications, limited studies have used CRISPR-Cas9 for editing the endogenous pathways in expression systems for biopharmaceutical applications. In the present review, we discuss the use of CRISPR-Cas9 in expression systems to improve host cell lines, increase product yield, and humanize glycosylation pathways by targeting intrinsic genes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line
  18. Phei-Lian, Wang, Edmund Sim, Ui Hang
    MyJurnal
    Increasing evidence of the association between ribosomal protein (RP) genes with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) have been derived from findings of their differential expression patterns in NPC cell lines. Nevertheless, expression data from a comprehensive list of RP gene family members is still lacking. This paper reports the assessment of two RP genes, eL13 and eL14, with regards to their expression patterns in several NPC cell lines (TW04, TW01, HK1, HONE1 and SUNE-1) relative to a non-malignant control (NP69). A conventional Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) assay was employed. Analysis of eL13 has never been explored before this, whereas investigation of eL14 represents an extended study. We found a general over-expression trend of eL14 in 40% (2 of 5; TW01 and HONE-1) of the NPC cell lines studied, with higher upregulated level in only one (TW01) of them. However, this pattern of expression level is not statistically significant. Expression of eL13 was not detected in any of the cell lines used. The inconsistency of these expression patterns demonstrates an elusive nature of RP activities in the malignancy of the nasopharynx.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line
  19. Raviadaran R, Ng MH, Chandran D, Ooi KK, Manickam S
    Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2021 Feb;121:111808.
    PMID: 33579452 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111808
    This work aimed to evaluate the effects of encapsulated tocotrienols (TRF) and caffeic acid (CA) in water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) multiple nanoemulsion with cisplatin towards cancer cells. This work is important considering the limited efficacy of cisplatin due to tumour resistance, as well as its severe side effects. A549 and HEP G2 cancer cell lines were utilised for evaluating the efficacy of the encapsulated W/O/W while HEK 293 normal cell line was used for evaluating the toxicity. TRF, CA and CIS synergistically improved apoptosis in the late apoptotic phase in A549 and HEP G2 by 23.1% and 24.9%, respectively. The generation of ROS was enhanced using TRF:CA:CIS by 16.9% and 30.2% for A549 and HEP G2, respectively. Cell cycle analysis showed an enhanced cell arrest in the G0/G1 phase for both A549 and HEP G2. TRF, CA and CIS led to cell death in A549 and HEP G2. For HEK 293, ~33% cell viability was found when only CIS was used while >95% cell viability was observed when TRF, CA and CIS were used. This study demonstrates that the encapsulated TRF and CA in W/O/W with CIS synergistically improved therapeutic efficacy towards cancer cells, as well as lowered the toxicity effects towards normal cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line, Tumor
  20. Muniandy, Kalaivani, Sankar, Prabu Siva, Lian, Benedict Shi Xiang, Khoo, Alan Soo-Beng, Balakrishnan, Venugopal, Mohana-Kumaran, Nethia
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2016;27(11):125-130.
    MyJurnal
    Spheroids have been shown to recapitulate the tumour in vivo with properties
    such as the tumour microenvironment, concentration gradients, and tumour phenotype. As
    such, it can serve as a platform for determining the growth and invasion behaviour pattern
    of the cancer cells as well as be utilised for drug sensitivity assays; capable of exhibiting
    results that are closer to what is observed in vivo compared to two-dimensional (2D) cell
    culture assays. This study focused on establishing a three-dimensional (3D) cell culture
    model using the Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) cell line, HK1 and analysing its growth
    and invasion phenotypes. The spheroids will also serve as a model to elucidate their
    sensitivity to the chemotherapeutic drug, Flavopiridol. The liquid overlay method was
    employed to generate the spheroids which was embedded in bovine collagen I matrix for
    growth and invasion phenotypes observation. The HK1 cells formed compact spheroids
    within 72 hours. Our observation from the 3 days experiments revealed that the spheroids
    gradually grew and invaded into the collagen matrix, showing that the HK1 spheroids are
    capable of growth and invasion. Progressing from these experiments, the HK1 spheroids
    were employed to perform a drug sensitivity assay using the chemotherapeutic drug,
    Flavopiridol. The drug had a dose-dependent inhibition on spheroid growth and invasion.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Line
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