Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 2671 in total

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  1. Chen ST
    Med J Malaysia, 1979 Sep;34(1):18-23.
    PMID: 542144
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  2. Sodhy JS
    Bull Int Union Tuberc, 1974 Aug;49 suppl 1:63-4.
    PMID: 4549601
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  3. Kumaradeva M
    Med J Malaya, 1967 Jun;21(4):326-36.
    PMID: 4230500
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  4. Syarifah Haizan Sayed Kamar, Nasruddin Jaafar
    MyJurnal
    Mothers can be trained to screen caries in their children. The aim of this study is to
    assess the validity of mothers’ caries screening of their preschool children. (Copied from article).
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  5. Kadar M, Wan Yunus F, Tan E, Chai SC, Razaob Razab NA, Mohamat Kasim DH
    Aust Occup Ther J, 2020 02;67(1):3-12.
    PMID: 31799722 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12626
    INTRODUCTION: Handwriting skills play a significant role in all stages of an individual's life. Writing interventions should be considered at a younger age to ensure proper development of writing skills. Hence, the aims of this study is to evaluate the current evidence of occupational therapy interventions in handwriting skills for 4-6 year old children.

    METHODS: Published literature was systematically searched according to PRISMA guidelines using specific key terms. Initial search identified 785 studies; however only seven met the inclusion criteria and were assessed for final review. Studies were methodologically appraised using the McMaster Critical Review Form-Quantitative Studies.

    RESULTS: The review found no randomised control trial study design pertaining to the reviewed area. However, it can be seen that occupational therapy interventions for writing skills in 4-6 year old children managed to increase the targeted skills. The results were similar across samples with or without disabilities. An effective integration of occupational therapy interventions into educational curriculum was found to save both time and cost.

    CONCLUSION: The long-term benefit from these interventions and the effects of these interventions on a broader spectrum of fine motor abilities need to be explored further with stronger research designs. However, the lack of studies adopting high level study designs, i.e., RCT designs means, results need to be approached with caution by occupational therapists when implementing handwriting skills intervention in practice.

    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  6. Galloway DJ
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  7. See KC, Liew SM, Ng DCE, Chew EL, Khoo EM, Sam CH, et al.
    Int J Infect Dis, 2020 May;94:125-127.
    PMID: 32304822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.049
    OBJECTIVE: This is a brief report of 4 paediatric cases of COVID-19 infection in Malaysia BACKGROUND: COVID-19, a coronavirus, first detected in Wuhan, China has now spread rapidly to over 60 countries and territories around the world, infecting more than 85000 individuals. As the case count amongst children is low, there is need to report COVID-19 in children to better understand the virus and the disease.

    CASES: In Malaysia, until end of February 2020, there were four COVID-19 paediatric cases with ages ranging from 20 months to 11 years. All four cases were likely to have contracted the virus in China. The children had no symptoms or mild flu-like illness. The cases were managed symptomatically. None required antiviral therapy.

    DISCUSSION: There were 2 major issues regarding the care of infected children. Firstly, the quarantine of an infected child with a parent who tested negative was an ethical dilemma. Secondly, oropharyngeal and nasal swabs in children were at risk of false negative results. These issues have implications for infection control. Consequently, there is a need for clearer guidelines for child quarantine and testing methods in the management of COVID-19 in children.

    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  8. Hariri F, Farhana NA, Abdullah NA, Ibrahim N, Ramli NM, Mohd Abdullah AA, et al.
    J Craniomaxillofac Surg, 2021 Dec;49(12):1175-1181.
    PMID: 34247917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2021.06.017
    The aim of this study was to compare optic canal parameters of syndromic craniosynostosis patients with those of normal patients to visit the possibility of optic nerve impingement as a cause of visual impairment. Computed tomography scan images were processed using the Materialise Interactive Medical Image Control System (MIMICS) Research 21.0 software (Materialise NV, Leuven, Belgium). Eleven optic canal parameters were measured: 1) height of optic canal on the cranial side, 2) height of optic canal on the orbital side 3) length of the medial wall of the optic canal, 4) length of the lateral canal wall of the optic canal, 5) diameter of the optic canal at five points (Q1-Q4 and mid canal), and 6) area and perimeter of optic canal. These measurements were obtained for both the right and left optic canals. The study sample comprised four Crouzon syndrome, five Apert syndrome, and three Pfeiffer syndrome patients. The age of these syndromic craniosynostosis patients ranged from 2 to 63 months. The height of the optic canal on the orbital side (p = 0.041), diameter of the mid canal (p = 0.040), and diameter between the mid-canal and the cranial opening (Q3) (p = 0.079) for syndromic craniosynostosis patients were statistically narrower compared with those of normal patients when a significance level of 0.1 was considered. Scatter plots for the ages of patients versus the above parameters gave three separated clusters that suggested the arresting of optic canal development with age. The findings from this study demonstrated a narrowing of the optic canal in syndromic craniosynostosis patients, and indicate that optic canal anatomical characteristics may have an association with visual impairment among pediatric syndromic craniosynostosis patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  9. Musa H, Ismail II, Abdul Rashid NH
    Paediatr Int Child Health, 2021 May;41(2):158-161.
    PMID: 32937094 DOI: 10.1080/20469047.2020.1816285
    Paediatric scurvy is uncommon in the modern age but cases have been reported in children with neurodevelopmental issues and restricted dietary habits. The broad clinical picture is frequently overlooked as primarily other systemic diseases are considered first leading to extensive investigations and delay in diagnosis. A 4-year-old boy with autism and bilateral lower limb pain and refusal to walk is reported. His restricted diet and radiographic findings were highly suggestive of scurvy which was confirmed by the extremely low levels of ascorbic acid. Treatment with ascorbic acid replenishment and maintenance resulted in remarkable improvement. This case highlights the importance of a high index of suspicion in at-risk children so as to avoid unnecessary invasive investigations and procedures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  10. Tang D, Peng Chew F, Abdul Rahman M, Dhamotharan M
    F1000Res, 2022;11:938.
    PMID: 36226043 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.122443.2
    BACKGROUND: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development proposed global equitable quality education and lifelong learning opportunities for all children . The quality of early childhood care and education (ECCE) programs helps shape children's minds, attitudes and behaviors, and has short and long-term effects on a child, a family and a country. In Malaysia, the government has formulated some policies and laws to protect children's rights. However, ECCE is facing some challenges. The purpose of this study is to investigate parents' perceptions of the quality of ECCE programs implemented by Malaysian government.

    METHODS: A mixed method was used to collect data on parents' perceptions of ECCE policies in selected states in Malaysia. The questionnaires, (P1/POL) from the research project "Development of a Comprehensive and Integrated Model of Quality Malaysian ECCE", were distributed among 629 respondents who have a child in a preschool, and 22 participants were randomly selected to take part in five focus group interviews Results: The key findings of the study revealed 68% parents were not familiar with ECCE Malaysian government policy, however 84.3% stressed it is important for the government to educate them about ECCE. Thus findings indicated that the majority of parents lack awareness of the ECCE policies and quality of early childhood care and education programs related to the policies remain the issue. While interviewing the focus group ,most of them were not aware of ECCE and pointed out parents are stressing children's academic learning in particular preschools.

    CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that parents' awareness regarding the ECCE program must be part of the policies and needs to improve. It is recommended that the government of Malaysia should supply more information on ECCE policies to parents and focus on policy implementation. Moreover, the quality of ECCE programs should be improved based on the parents' perceptions.

    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  11. Aladily TN, Khader M, Bustami N, Bazzeh F
    Malays J Pathol, 2022 Dec;44(3):517-521.
    PMID: 36591719
    Anaplastic large cell lymphoma, ALK-positive is a mature T-cell neoplasm that accounts for 10- 20% of paediatric non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Its frequency in infants and very young children is exceedingly rare and was rarely documented in the literature. The disease prognosis in this agegroup is unknown. We report two male patients who were diagnosed with ALCL-ALK(+) at the ages of 12 and 14 months, both presented with fever and leukemoid reaction, one was in stage I and the other in stage IV diseases. They were treated with APO-based chemotherapy and remained in complete remission for more than 7 years. To our knowledge, this is the first report that describes the long-term survival of ALCL-ALK(+) at very young age.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  12. David NCE, Juliana H, Chok M, Gan YZ, Tan YC, Nur Adlina MN, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2023 Jan;78(1):80-86.
    PMID: 36715196
    INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has reached a phase where many have been infected at least once. Healthcare workers were not spared from being infected. This study aimed to determine the period prevalence of COVID-19 among the paediatric healthcare workers in Negeri Sembilan as the country transitioned into an endemic phase of the pandemic. Additionally, we investigate potential sociodemographic and occupational characteristics associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the healthcare workers in the paediatric department at three public specialist hospitals in Negeri Sembilan between 15 and 21 April 2022. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire.

    RESULTS: Out of the 504 eligible healthcare workers, 493 participated in this study (response rate 97.8%). The overall prevalence of COVID-19 (11 March 2020-15 April 2022) among healthcare workers was 50.9%. The majority (80.1%) were infected during the Omicron wave two months before the survey. Household contacts accounted for 35.9% of infection sources. The proportion of non-doctors in the COVID-19-infected group was significantly higher compared to the non-infected group (74.1% vs 64.0%, p=0.016). The COVID-19-infected group had a higher proportion of schoolgoing children (44.6% vs 30.6%, p=0.001) and children who attended pre-school/sent to the babysitter (49.0% vs 24.4%, p<0.001). There were no significant differences between infection rates among the healthcare workers working in the tertiary hospital and the district hospitals. There were also no significant differences in the proportion of COVID-19- infected doctors and nurses when analysed by seniority.

    CONCLUSION: Our study provided an estimate on the prevalence of COVID-19 among paediatric healthcare workers in Negeri Sembilan and the factors associated with infection, which captures the extent and magnitude of this pandemic on the state's paediatric department. Most infections resulted from household contact, with a higher proportion of infected healthcare workers having young children.

    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  13. Sinniah D, Tan HM, Lin HP, Looi LM
    Singapore Med J, 1981 Jun;22(3):158-65.
    PMID: 7302623
    A review of rhabdomyosarcoma in childhood reveals that the pattern and results of treatment have changed with the introduction of multimodal therapy. Outcome in our series have been poor due to advanced disease, poor compliance to follow up resulting from poor socio-economics and educational levels of our patients and their faith in traditional medicine. Improvement in the prognosis can only be anticipated with earlier diagnosis and reduction in defaulter rate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  14. Arora NK, Boo NY, Giúdici LB, Samms-Vaughan M, Olusanya BO, Global Research on Developmental Disabilities Collaborators (GRDDC)
    J Dev Behav Pediatr, 2023 Jan 01;44(1):e69.
    PMID: 36563347 DOI: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000001144
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  15. Abdullah AH, Nathan AM, Jayanath S, Kwan Z, Azanan MS, Hng SY, et al.
    Pediatr Int, 2023 Jan;65(1):e15473.
    PMID: 36645391 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15473
    BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbance in children with atopic dermatitis (AD) frequently goes unnoticed and can be associated with behavioral challenges. The aims of this study were to determine (a) the prevalence and factors associated with sleep disturbance and behavioral problems and (b) the correlation between sleep disturbance and behavioral problems in children with AD.

    METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved children aged 4-12 years old with moderate to severe AD. Age and sex-matched healthy children were recruited as the comparison group. The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were used to assess sleep disturbance and behavioral problems, respectively. Higher scores in both questionnaires signify more disturbance.

    RESULTS: Seventy patients and 141 controls were recruited. Median (interquartile range) age of patients was 5 (4,8) years. Patients had later sleep time (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  16. Mahmud N, Abdul Latif H, Mohd Zaki F, Goh BS
    BMJ Case Rep, 2021 Apr 02;14(4).
    PMID: 33811090 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236888
    Pfeiffer syndrome is a rare inherited craniofacial disorder. Upper airway obstruction is common among patients with Pfeiffer syndrome due to craniosynostosis. They may also present with lower respiratory tract obstruction due to a rare congenital airway malformation called tracheal cartilaginous sleeve (TCS). We report the case of a patient with Pfeiffer syndrome who presented with recurrent bronchopneumonia, discovered incidentally to have TCS via direct visualisation during tracheostomy. Relevant literature for this rare clinical condition are reviewed and discussed. Clinicians should be aware of TCS when encountering patients with craniosynostosis who present with recurrent lower respiratory tract infections. Careful and meticulous investigations should be performed to look for TCS, especially in patients with craniosynostosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  17. Goroh MMD, van den Boogaard CHA, Lukman KA, Lowbridge C, Juin WK, William T, et al.
    PLoS One, 2023;18(5):e0285534.
    PMID: 37167225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285534
    Contact investigation and TB preventive treatment of children under five years of age who are close contacts of a TB case is a key component of TB prevention. However, the uptake of TB preventive treatment is low in many high-TB burden settings. This study explores factors affecting the implementation of TB contact investigation and preventive treatment among children in Malaysia's city of Kota Kinabalu, Sabah State. This study was conducted in three primary health clinics between 2019 and 2020. We purposively sampled 34 parents and guardians of child contacts eligible for TB preventive treatment, and 25 healthcare providers involved in the management of child contacts. We conducted thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions to illicit factors affecting implementation and uptake of TB contact investigation and TB preventive therapy. Six main themes emerged from the analyses-four of these relating to contact investigation and two relating to TB preventive therapy. Factors affecting TB contact investigation were addressed under system related factors (external factors, stakeholder collaboration, healthcare workers' and clients' concerns), clinic related factors (perceived performance, clinic schedule, and space), healthcare worker related factors (cooperation, commitment, knowledge, misconception, counselling and communication) and patient and contact related factors (cooperation and commitment). Factors affecting TB preventive treatment delivery were addressed under guardian related factors (cooperation, commitment, knowledge and misconception) and treatment related factors (child-friendly form and adverse effects). To address gaps and barriers identified in our study, we recommend developing system capacity to maintain routine contact investigation and preventive treatment in the context of external program risks, providing training to healthcare workers to address misconceptions, safeguarding vulnerable clients against the risk of detention and deportation while accessing care, ensuring public and private services are provided regardless of migration status, and improving processes and resources for contact investigation and preventive treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  18. Yusof MS, Mohd Ibrahim H
    Med J Malaysia, 2023 Mar;78(2):250-258.
    PMID: 36988538
    INTRODUCTION: Cleft lip and palate (CL/P) are among the most common congenital abnormalities. The purpose of the present study was to review the literature relating to the quality of life (QoL) in young patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) and to identify the specific aspect of QoL in young patients with CL/P that is mostly affected. Other associated variables within studies that may have an impact on QoL were also identified.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Systematic searches of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were conducted. Independent reviewers screened the title, abstract and full texts according to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Articles published in English from January 2012 to March 2022 reporting the QoL of non-syndromic young patients aged 7-18 years with CL/P were included. Review articles and articles reporting the psychological adjustment of parents or other family members with CL/P were excluded.

    RESULTS: 975 publications were identified, of which 20 studies met our inclusion criteria. The majority of studies reported that the CL/P condition has a negative impact on the QoL. Psychological health, functional well-being, socialemotional well-being and school environment are domains that are affected. Compared with typically developing young patients, those with CL/P had lower QoL scores even though QoL was assessed using different instruments across studies. The impact of CL/P on overall QoL scores varied by age but not gender or cleft type.

    CONCLUSION: Our reviews had shown the presence of CL/P negatively affects the QoL of young patients. Psychological health is the most affected QoL domain. Understanding the impacted domain will help in planning and delivering better health care for individuals with CL/P and reducing the stigma commonly associated with CL/P. Future studies should target intervention on psychological health and consider resilience factors towards positive adjustment.

    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  19. Kariippanon KE, Chong KH, Janssen X, Tomaz SA, Ribeiro EHC, Munambah N, et al.
    Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2022 Jul 01;54(7):1123-1130.
    PMID: 35142711 DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002886
    PURPOSE: There is a paucity of global data on sedentary behavior during early childhood. The purpose of this study was to examine how device-measured sedentary behavior in young children differed across geographically, economically, and sociodemographically diverse populations, in an international sample.

    METHODS: This multinational, cross-sectional study included data from 1071 children 3-5 yr old from 19 countries, collected between 2018 and 2020 (pre-COVID). Sedentary behavior was measured for three consecutive days using activPAL accelerometers. Sedentary time, sedentary fragmentation, and seated transport duration were calculated. Linear mixed models were used to examine the differences in sedentary behavior variables between sex, country-level income groups, urban/rural settings, and population density.

    RESULTS: Children spent 56% (7.4 h) of their waking time sedentary. The longest average bout duration was 81.1 ± 45.4 min, and an average of 61.1 ± 50.1 min·d-1 was spent in seated transport. Children from upper-middle-income and high-income countries spent a greater proportion of the day sedentary, accrued more sedentary bouts, had shorter breaks between sedentary bouts, and spent significantly more time in seated transport, compared with children from low-income and lower-middle-income countries. Sex and urban/rural residential setting were not associated with any outcomes. Higher population density was associated with several higher sedentary behavior measures.

    CONCLUSIONS: These data advance our understanding of young children's sedentary behavior patterns globally. Country income levels and population density appear to be stronger drivers of the observed differences, than sex or rural/urban residential setting.

    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  20. Rahim NIA, Kadir Shahar H, Zulkefli NAM, Mohd Nazan AIN
    PLoS One, 2023;18(8):e0282995.
    PMID: 37585377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282995
    BACKGROUND: Unintentional injury is a global burden that occurs everywhere, including in our homes. Young children are most vulnerable to home injuries because they still develop their physical and psychological skills and spend most of their time at home. Despite being largely preventable, three consecutive national surveys show no reduction in the rate of injury among children under five. More surprisingly, children from high-income families were found to have the highest incidence of injury, contradicting the findings from other countries.

    OBJECTIVE: This study aims to identify the determinants of non-adherence to unintentional home injury prevention practice among parents of under-five children in the North Seberang Perai district, Penang.

    METHODS: This sequential explanatory mixed-methods study consists of two phases consisting of a quantitative study which looks into respondents and their child's sociodemographic status, their home injury prevention practice and the independent variables, followed by a qualitative study that interviews parents with non-adherence to home injury prevention practice and explore their barriers. In phase I, the parent or primary caregiver of a child age less than five years old who age 18 or older and is a Malaysian will be included in the study while being disabled or having a severe psychiatric disorder or having the index child diagnosed with chronic disease will make them not eligible to participate in the study. Derived using the two-group proportion formula, a sample size of 453 parents will be sampled among those with under-five children following up at the Maternal Child Health Department in the health clinics of North Seberang Perai using stratified systematic sampling. Chi-square/Fisher Exact test, simple logistic regression and multiple logistic regression will be used for data analysis. The sample will be stratified according to household income to look for associated factors and determinants of low prevention practice. In phase II, parents with a low score from the quantitative study will be selected to participate in the qualitative study using purposive sampling. A semi-structured interview using the help of an interview guide will be carried out and recorded with a voice recorder. The thematic analysis approach will be used to analyse the qualitative data.

    RESULTS: The study has been registered under the National Medical Research Registry.

    CONCLUSION: It is hoped that findings from this study can shed light on the barriers faced by under-five parents in carrying out preventive measures at home.

    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
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