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Fulltext We are all different: insights from osteoporosis research in Asia

Yeap SS

Int J Rheum Dis, 2008;11:323-326.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-185X.2008.00404.x

Osteoporosis only became a 'disease' entity in the 20th century. After the initial observations and definitions of osteoporosis based on Caucasian populations, systematic research in Asian populations started in the 1980s. Significant variations between different ethnic groups with respect to the rate of osteoporotic fractures, bone mineral density and disease risk factors emerged from the data; this article highlights some of the earlier important findings and the dissimilarities. Osteoporosis is therefore not a homogeneous disease across the world.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups
Fulltext Timbre spectrum of gamelan instruments from four Malay gamelan ensembles

Hamdan, Sinin, Ahmad Faudzi Musib, Musoddiq, Iran Amri, Marini Sawawi

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2020;28(2):459-476.
MyJurnal

Gamelan in general is categorized as a group of gongs. This traditional Malay gamelan ensemble is in a slendro scale i.e. five notes per octave. The rhythms, pitch, duration and loudness classify the various groups of gongs such as bonang, kenong, gender, peking and gambang. The cast bronze peking, kenong and bonang were chosen from a range of Malay gamelan ensemble from Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) and Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM). The sounds were recorded by PicoScope Oscilloscope. The PicoScope software displays waveform and spectrum in time and frequency domain respectively. The peking lowest and highest frequencies from UiTM were 293 Hz and 1867 Hz, from UPM were 644 Hz and 1369 Hz, from UKM were 1064 Hz and 2131 Hz and from UNIMAS were 1072 Hz and 2105 Hz respectively. The kenong lowest and highest frequencies from UiTM were 259 Hz and 463 Hz, from UPM were 294 Hz and 543 Hz, from UKM were 300 Hz and 540 Hz and from UNIMAS were 293 Hz and 519 Hz respectively. The fundamental frequencies of bonang from UPM were higher than that of UKM, UiTM and UNIMAS. The harmonics were not successive but interrupted by another frequency. The harmonics of each bonang was similar except for gamelan from UKM.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups
Fulltext Elemen meneroka bukti dalam pembelajaran sejarah menggunakan sumber dokumen teks

Siti Kisni Kisson, Christina Peter Ligadu

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2019;4(8):54-60.
MyJurnal

Pembelajaran Sejarah dengan sumber dokumen teks di sekolah menengah atas telah dikaji. Tiga sumber dokumen teks dengan tajuk, “Perjuangan Mat Salleh menentang pendudukan British di Sabah”, dianalisis menggunakan Model Pemikiran Sejarah. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan reka bentuk kajian kes kolektif. Empat belas pelajar dari 2 buah sekolah menengah kebangsaan harian di Sabah menjadi sampel kajian. Kaedah pengumpulan data kualitatif adalah melalui kaedah pemerhatian, temu bual kumpulan berfokus dan analisis dokumen. Didapati semua pelajar dapat membina Kemahiran Pemikiran Sejarah (KPS) dengan elemen meneroka bukti. Analisis data menunjukkan pelajar-pelajar membina elemen meneroka bukti dengan; mengemukakan pelbagai pendapat tentang penulis dokumen teks berdasarkan bukti, meneroka kebenaran bukti sejarah seperti sejarawan, mengenalpasti lokasi dan tempat perjuangan pemimpin tempatan, serta mempelajari peristiwa sejarah tempatan dengan pengesahan bukti sejarah.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups
Improving multicultural parenting program for children with emotional and behavioral problems: An integrated review

Masiran R, Ibrahim N, Awang H, Lim PY

Asian J Psychiatr, 2020 Jun;51:101851.
PMID: 31711780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.101851

Children with emotional and behavioral problems are often managed using medications or behavioral therapy, but in some countries, there is no structured parenting intervention to equip parents from different cultural backgrounds with adequate parenting skills to help these children. This paper aims to synthesize key findings from previous research on multicultural parenting programs and produce a comprehensive integrated view by looking into three separate themes: effective multicultural parenting programs, ethnocultural groups and cultural adaptation process. Literature search through Scopus and Google Scholar from 1999 to 2019 was conducted using the terms "effective parenting program", "effective parenting intervention", "effective multicultural parenting program", "effective multicultural parenting intervention", "multicultural parenting program", "multicultural parenting intervention", "parenting program and ethnic groups", "parenting intervention and ethnic groups", "adapted parenting program", "adapted parenting intervention", "cultural adaptation of parenting program'' and "cultural adaptation of parenting intervention". By applying the "Literature Review Synthesis Process", authors conducted cross-analysis, integrated possibilities, and prioritized the synthesized information gearing towards highly probable solutions for improving multicultural parenting programs to manage emotional and behavioral problems in children better. Development of a culturally fit parenting intervention and its implications on existing parenting programs are also discussed. The findings highlight the need 1) to engage with ethnocultural groups of parents during development of a new multicultural parenting program, and 2) to incorporate specific measures for engaging with parents during multicultural parenting program implementation. This paper contributes in acknowledging cultural components in future parenting intervention programs. Finally, recommendations are made for future directions of research.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups
Nursing among Aborigines in Malaysia's jungles

Sjafiroeddin MW

Alumnae Mag Columbia Univ Presbyt Hosp Sch Nurs Alumnae Assoc, 1968;63(1):39-44.
PMID: 4953089
Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups
Fulltext Global energy security and Eastern Europe: a review

Muhammad Adil Khattak, Tuan Mohamad Hakimi Tuan Yahya, Muhammad Wazif Mohd Sallehhudin, Muhammad Izzuan Mohd Ghazali, Nur Awal Abdullah, Nur Athirah Nordin, et al.

Journal of Advanced Research Design, 2018;45(1):19-42.
MyJurnal

In this recent years, energy security has been actively studied. European vitality security challenges have changed significantly in the previous 20 years. From one viewpoint, the current strains amongst Russia and the EU are undermining heir verifiable organization on vitality; on the other, profound changes in the vitality scene at the worldwide level, activated by innovative advances and major geo-political changes, are driving the EU to revaluate its vitality security system. The point of this paper is to talk about Eastern Europe vitality security in a changing worldwide. Furthermore, this paper will give a review on the energy market and the energy security strategy in Eastern Europe country.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups
Fulltext A case study on social interaction among multi-ethnic students to maintain national integration

'Adlina Abdul Khalil, Rosfazila Abd Rahman, Hairol Anuar Mak Din

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2018;3(3):131-135.
MyJurnal

This is a case study research that is trying to identify a social interaction among multi ethnic students to maintain national integration. This research is concern on the factors that influence social interaction among students through co-curriculum activities like participate in sports and clubs at school. Findings from interview session individualy and grouping at two secondary schools at Kuala Ketil, Kedah shown there is a conflict and stereotype among students, however feeling to learn and accept the differences within ethnics still exist. Throughout the research, it shows that factors from external influence comes from school and peer groups. However, in the part of internal influence it is from student’s intrapersonal factor. In order to maintain social interaction among students, strategies had been taken by school through co-curriculum activities like sports and clubs. As a conclusion, a good social interaction among multiethnic students very important and need support from school’s administrator to maintain and sustain the harmonius and glory of the nation.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups
Investigation of linearity between mechanical properties of wood using graphical method

Mohd Jamil Abdul Wahab, Mohd Zamin Jumaat

Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:211-218.

Some basic requirements are set for small clear specimen data to incorporate Malaysian timbers into equivalent European timber strength classes. In general, the correlation between structural and small clear specimen test results must be established for every timber group regardless of origin. This paper introduces a sort-plot technique for analysing the correlation of some mechanical properties of timber in selecting appropriate parametric model. Bending test was conducted on mixed species hardwoods for the determination of strength and stiffness values of both structural and small size specimens. The results showed that the sort-plot diagrams demonstrate an obvious linearity pattern between timber properties despite having poor regression values. The technique verified that properties of timber in structural and small size specimens correlated linearly.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups
Kesejahteraan psikologikal Orang Asli di Pertak dan Gerachi Jaya

Desa A, Ahmad A, Sharkawi Z

Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2009;olume 23:19-25.

This study explores whether differences in levels of psychological well-being exist between the Orang Asli in Pertak and those in Gerachi Jaya. Field studies were conductecl on orang Asli in both these villages by using structured interviews. Psychological well-being questionnaires were modified by the researcher based on the Psychological Well-being Scale (Ryff 1989). Psychological well-being was measured in terms of autonomy, control environment, personal development and positive relationships. This study involved 40 Orang Asli from Gerachi City and 35 Orang Asli from Pertak. Data were analyzed with SPSS software using t-tests. Results show that the levels of psychological well-being between the two groups were not significantly different (t= 0.339, k> 0.05). Implications are also discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups
A review of blood pressure profile and hypertension studies in Malaysia

Liew YM, Tan H, Khoo KL

Family Physician, 1994;6:36-45.

This paper reviews the literature on blood pressure profile and hypertension studies carried out in Peninsular Malaysia from 1952 to 1988. From these studies, the following key information is summarised: 1. Blood pressure profiles of Malaysians, irrespective of sex and the three major ethnic groups viz., Malay, Chinese and Indian followed a similar rising trend with age. 2. The mean systolic and diastolic pressures were 134 mmHg and 84 mmHg respectively across the major ethnic groups. 3. The prevalence of hypertension for Malaysians was 16.0%, 4.2% and 3.4% when 140/90 mmHg, 150/90 mmHg or a diastolic pressure of 100 mmHg or greater were taken as cut-off values respectively. Males generally showed a higher prevalence of hypertension than females. 4. Orang Asli living in the deep jungle had relatively low blood pressures (Mean: 109/70 mmHg) and their blood pressure did not rise with increasing age. 5. There was generally no difference in the prevalence of hypertension amongst the major ethnic groups. However, there was a tendency for the Malays to have a higher prevalence of hypertension than the Chinese or the Indians. 6. There was an increased prevalence of hypertension among subjects who smoked heavily or who did very little or no physical exercise. Differences in prevalence of hypertension among subjects living in changing environment and lifestyle, such as urban versus rural, alcohol versus non-alcohol consumers and low income versus moderate income groups were not evident in the studies reviewed. 7. Percent unawareness of hypertension in hypertension subjects was generally high i.e. 57 % - 69% except in one sample which recorded a moderately value (33%).

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups
Fulltext Clinical and biochemical profile of 786 sequential episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Ooi E, Nash K, Rengarajan L, Melson E, Thomas L, Johnson A, et al.

BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care, 2021 12;9(2).
PMID: 34879999 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002451

INTRODUCTION: We explored the clinical and biochemical differences in demographics, presentation and management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This observational study included all episodes of DKA from April 2014 to September 2020 in a UK tertiary care hospital. Data were collected on diabetes type, demographics, biochemical and clinical features at presentation, and DKA management.
RESULTS: From 786 consecutive DKA, 583 (75.9%) type 1 diabetes and 185 (24.1%) type 2 diabetes episodes were included in the final analysis. Those with type 2 diabetes were older and had more ethnic minority representation than those with type 1 diabetes. Intercurrent illness (39.8%) and suboptimal compliance (26.8%) were the two most common precipitating causes of DKA in both cohorts. Severity of DKA as assessed by pH, glucose and lactate at presentation was similar in both groups. Total insulin requirements and total DKA duration were the same (type 1 diabetes 13.9 units (9.1-21.9); type 2 diabetes 13.9 units (7.7-21.1); p=0.4638). However, people with type 2 diabetes had significantly longer hospital stay (type 1 diabetes: 3.0 days (1.7-6.1); type 2 diabetes: 11.0 days (5.0-23.1); p<0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS: In this population, a quarter of DKA episodes occurred in people with type 2 diabetes. DKA in type 2 diabetes presents at an older age and with greater representation from ethnic minorities. However, severity of presentation and DKA duration are similar in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, suggesting that the same clinical management protocol is equally effective. People with type 2 diabetes have longer hospital admission.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups
Fulltext Development and validation of a food frequency questionnaire for dietary intake assessment among multi-ethnic primary school-aged children

Fatihah F, Ng BK, Hazwanie H, Norimah AK, Shanita SN, Ruzita AT, et al.

Singapore Med J, 2015 Dec;56(12):687-94.
PMID: 26702165 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2015190

This study aimed to develop and validate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess habitual diets of multi-ethnic Malaysian children aged 7-12 years.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups
Fulltext Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Sarawak, East Malaysia

Wong KY, Basri H, Wong YL, Wahab M, Haji Kipli NP, Niap I, et al.

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2023 Aug 01;24(8):2817-2822.
PMID: 37642069 DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2023.24.8.2817

OBJECTIVES: This analysis provides an epidemiological update for nasopharyngeal carcinomas the state of Sarawak and an analysis of the trend over a 20 years period.
METHOD: Data between 1996 to 2015 from a population-based cancer registry in Sarawak Malaysia was analyzed. Crude incidence rates and age-standardized rates (ASR) were calculated and compared between ethnic groups and locations (administrative division) and Joinpoint regression analysis was done to analyze trends.
RESULT: A total of 3643 cases of NPC were recorded with male to female ratio of 2.5:1. Annualised age-standardized incidence rates able 2) for men is 13.2 cases per 100,000 population (95% CI: 12.6, 13.7) and for women is 5.3 cases per 100,000 population (95% CI: 5.0, 5.6). The highest incidence rates were reported among the Bidayuh population and it ranks among the highest in the world. Trend analysis noted an overall reduction of cases, with a significant decrease between 1996 and 2003 (annual percentage reduction of incidence by 3.9%). Analysis of individual ethnic groups also shows a general reduction with exception of Iban males showing an average 5.48 per cent case increase between 2009 to 2015, though not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: Comparing the incidences with other registries, the Bidayuh population in Sarawak remained among the highest in the world and warrants close attention for early screening and prevention strategies.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups
Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor diversity in Malay subethnic groups of Peninsular Malaysia

NurWaliyuddin HZ, Edinur HA, Norazmi MN, Sundararajulu P, Chambers GK, Zafarina Z

Int. J. Immunogenet., 2014 Dec;41(6):472-9.
PMID: 25367623 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12161

The KIR system shows variation at both gene content and allelic level across individual genome and populations. This variation reflects its role in immunity and has become a significant tool for population comparisons. In this study, we investigate KIR gene content in 120 unrelated individuals from the four Malay subethnic groups (Kelantan, Jawa, Banjar and Pattani Malays). Genotyping using commercial polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) kits revealed a total of 34 different KIR genotypes; 17 for Kelantan, 15 for Banjar, 14 for Jawa and 13 for Pattani Malays. Two new variants observed in Banjar Malays have not previously been reported. Genotype AA and haplotype A were the most common in Jawa (0.47 and 0.65, respectively), Banjar (0.37 and 0.52, respectively) and Pattani (0.40 and 0.60, respectively) Malays. In contrast, Kelantan Malays were observed to have slightly higher frequency (0.43) of genotype BB as compared with the others. Based on the KIR genes distribution, Jawa, Pattani and Banjar subethnic groups showed greater similarity and are discrete from Kelantan Malays. A principal component plot carried out using KIR gene carrier frequency shows that the four Malay subethnic groups are clustered together with other South-East Asian populations. Overall, our observation on prevalence of KIR gene content demonstrates genetic affinities between the four Malay subethnic groups and supports the common origins of the Austronesian-speaking people.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups/genetics*
Fulltext A "Roziah" by any other name: a simple Bayesian method for determining ethnicity from names

Komahan K, Reidpath DD

Am J Epidemiol, 2014 Aug 1;180(3):325-9.
PMID: 24944286 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu129

Correct identification of ethnicity is central to many epidemiologic analyses. Unfortunately, ethnicity data are often missing. Successful classification typically relies on large databases (n > 500,000 names) of known name-ethnicity associations. We propose an alternative naïve Bayesian strategy that uses substrings of full names. Name and ethnicity data for Malays, Indians, and Chinese were provided by a health and demographic surveillance site operating in Malaysia from 2011-2013. The data comprised a training data set (n = 10,104) and a test data set (n = 9,992). Names were spliced into contiguous 3-letter substrings, and these were used as the basis for the Bayesian analysis. Performance was evaluated on both data sets using Cohen's κ and measures of sensitivity and specificity. There was little difference between the classification performance in the training and test data (κ = 0.93 and 0.94, respectively). For the test data, the sensitivity values for the Malay, Indian, and Chinese names were 0.997, 0.855, and 0.932, respectively, and the specificity values were 0.907, 0.998, and 0.997, respectively. A naïve Bayesian strategy for the classification of ethnicity is promising. It performs at least as well as more sophisticated approaches. The possible application to smaller data sets is particularly appealing. Further research examining other substring lengths and other ethnic groups is warranted.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups*
Molecular basis of transfusion dependent beta-thalassemia major patients in Sabah

Teh LK, George E, Lai MI, Tan JA, Wong L, Ismail P

J Hum Genet, 2014 Mar;59(3):119-23.
PMID: 24369358 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2013.131

Beta-thalassemia is one of the most prevalent inherited diseases and a public health problem in Malaysia. Malaysia is geographically divided into West and East Malaysia. In Sabah, a state in East Malaysia, there are over 1000 estimated cases of β-thalassemia major patients. Accurate population frequency data of the molecular basis of β-thalassemia major are needed for planning its control in the high-risk population of Sabah. Characterization of β-globin gene defects was done in 252 transfusion dependent β-thalassemia patients incorporating few PCR techniques. The study demonstrates that β-thalassemia mutations inherited are ethnically dependent. It is important to note that 86.9% of transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia major patients in Sabah were of the indigenous population and homozygous for a single mutation. The Filipino β(0)-deletion was a unique mutation found in the indigenous population of Sabah. Mutations common in West Malaysia were found in 11 (4.3%) patients. Four rare mutations (Hb Monroe, CD 8/9, CD 123/124/125 and IVS I-2) were also found. This study is informative on the population genetics of β-thalassemia major in Sabah.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups/genetics
Fulltext Haplotype analysis of the 185delAG BRCA1 mutation in ethnically diverse populations

Laitman Y, Feng BJ, Zamir IM, Weitzel JN, Duncan P, Port D, et al.

Eur J Hum Genet, 2013 Feb;21(2):212-6.
PMID: 22763381 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.124

The 185delAG* BRCA1 mutation is encountered primarily in Jewish Ashkenazi and Iraqi individuals, and sporadically in non-Jews. Previous studies estimated that this is a founder mutation in Jewish mutation carriers that arose before the dispersion of Jews in the Diaspora ~2500 years ago. The aim of this study was to assess the haplotype in ethnically diverse 185delAG* BRCA1 mutation carriers, and to estimate the age at which the mutation arose. Ethnically diverse Jewish and non-Jewish 185delAG*BRCA1 mutation carriers and their relatives were genotyped using 15 microsatellite markers and three SNPs spanning 12.5 MB, encompassing the BRCA1 gene locus. Estimation of mutation age was based on a subset of 11 markers spanning a region of ~5 MB, using a previously developed algorithm applying the maximum likelihood method. Overall, 188 participants (154 carriers and 34 noncarriers) from 115 families were included: Ashkenazi, Iraq, Kuchin-Indians, Syria, Turkey, Iran, Tunisia, Bulgaria, non-Jewish English, non-Jewish Malaysian, and Hispanics. Haplotype analysis indicated that the 185delAG mutation arose 750-1500 years ago. In Ashkenazim, it is a founder mutation that arose 61 generations ago, and with a small group of founder mutations was introduced into the Hispanic population (conversos) ~650 years ago, and into the Iraqi-Jewish community ~450 years ago. The 185delAG mutation in the non-Jewish populations in Malaysia and the UK arose at least twice independently. We conclude that the 185delAG* BRCA1 mutation resides on a common haplotype among Ashkenazi Jews, and arose about 61 generations ago and arose independently at least twice in non-Jews.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups/genetics
STR data for the AmpFlSTR Identifiler loci from the three main ethnic indigenous population groups (Iban, Bidayuh, and Melanau) in Sarawak, Malaysia

Suadi Z, Siew LC, Tie R, Hui WB, Asam A, Thiew SH, et al.

J Forensic Sci, 2007 Jan;52(1):231-4.
PMID: 17209948
Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups/genetics*
Fulltext Attitudes of medical students towards euthanasia in a multicultural setting

Adchalingam K, Kong WH, Zakiah MA, Zaini M, Wong YL, Lang CC

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Mar;60(1):46-9.
PMID: 16250279

A cross-sectional survey of 400 medical students of multicultural backgrounds at the University of Malaya was conducted to understand their attitudes towards euthanasia and factors related to medical decisions and ethical reasoning concerning the prolongation of life, the right to die and euthanasia. The student respondents completed self-administered questionnaires that comprised of twelve questions with multiple stems addressing personal perceptions, knowledge, attitudes, and decisions about euthanasia and the relief of suffering. The majority of respondents (52%) were for the withdrawal of active therapy in a patient suffering from a terminal painful disease while 48% of them were against it. Seventy-one percent of the students involved in the study were against the idea of active euthanasia i.e. the administration of a lethal injection. However, 27% of the respondents felt that there was a moral justification to assist patients to die. Thirty-two percent of the respondents favoured the legalization of euthanasia in Malaysia while 67% of them were strongly against it. The majority (61%) of respondents would not practice euthanasia as a doctor nor would they have performed on themselves if or when it became legal. The main issue surrounding euthanasia that concerned the respondents was the misuse of it by unethical practitioners and they felt that further debate on the matter was essential, both within the local and international communities.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups/psychology
Genetic association of AKAP10 gene polymorphism with reduced risk of preterm birth

Langmia IM, Apalasamy YD, Suki SZ, Omar SZ, Mohamed Z

J Perinatol, 2015 Sep;35(9):700-4.
PMID: 26110499 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2015.68

Preterm birth (PTB) is a multifactorial complication in which genetic and environmental factors contribute to the phenotype. The AKAP10 protein encoded by AKAP10 gene has a vital role in the maintenance of myometrial quiescence and pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate whether polymorphisms in the AKAP10 gene are associated with the risk of PTB.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups/genetics

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