Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 294 in total

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  1. Perger R
    Zookeys, 2013.
    PMID: 23794868 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.293.5133
    The genera Parandrocephalus Heller, 1916 and Hexamitodera Heller, 1896 are reviewed and redescribed. Based on the combination of chromatic sexual dimorphism, velvety pubescence on the whole dorsal body and distinctly developed carina on the elytra, Parandrocephalus blairi Bentanachs & Vives, 2009 is transferred to Hexamitodera. A new subgenus, Sulcognatha Perger, is instituted to accommodate mandible, head and metasternal modifications in Hexamitodera blairi comb. n. that are lacking in the type species of Hexamitodera, Hexamitodera semivelutina. As indicated by fundamental structural differences in the mandibles of Parandrocephalus and Hexamitodera (Sulcognatha) blairi comb. n., the exaggerated secondary sexual traits and open procoxal cavities in both taxa are presumably the result of convergent evolution. Contrary to Bentanachs & Vives (2009), the presence of the two Parandrocephalus species in Sundaland and the endemism of Hexamitodera on Sulawesi agree well with the zoogeographical separation of both areas by the Wallace line.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head
  2. Jayalakshmi P, Pathmanathan R, Raman R, Prasad U
    Med J Malaysia, 1989 Mar;44(1):58-63.
    PMID: 2626114
    A retrospective study of 1000 cases of microscopically diagnosed head and neck cancers in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur was done. Head and neck neoplasms comprise 7.1% of all tumours diagnosed in this Hospital and the commonest sites of involvement are the nasopharynx (29.1%), cervical lymph nodes (22.6%), oral cavity (10.2%), thyroid (8.2%) and skin (6.5%). Histologically, 87% of tumours are epithelial in nature. The results of this study show that nasopharyngeal carcinoma is commonest in Chinese males, while oral and laryngeal malignancies occur more frequently in Indians.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/ethnology; Head and Neck Neoplasms/epidemiology; Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology*
  3. Jaffari R, Hashmani MA, Reyes-Aldasoro CC
    Sensors (Basel), 2021 Apr 16;21(8).
    PMID: 33923472 DOI: 10.3390/s21082803
    The segmentation of power lines (PLs) from aerial images is a crucial task for the safe navigation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) operating at low altitudes. Despite the advances in deep learning-based approaches for PL segmentation, these models are still vulnerable to the class imbalance present in the data. The PLs occupy only a minimal portion (1-5%) of the aerial images as compared to the background region (95-99%). Generally, this class imbalance problem is addressed via the use of PL-specific detectors in conjunction with the popular class balanced cross entropy (BBCE) loss function. However, these PL-specific detectors do not work outside their application areas and a BBCE loss requires hyperparameter tuning for class-wise weights, which is not trivial. Moreover, the BBCE loss results in low dice scores and precision values and thus, fails to achieve an optimal trade-off between dice scores, model accuracy, and precision-recall values. In this work, we propose a generalized focal loss function based on the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) or the Phi coefficient to address the class imbalance problem in PL segmentation while utilizing a generic deep segmentation architecture. We evaluate our loss function by improving the vanilla U-Net model with an additional convolutional auxiliary classifier head (ACU-Net) for better learning and faster model convergence. The evaluation of two PL datasets, namely the Mendeley Power Line Dataset and the Power Line Dataset of Urban Scenes (PLDU), where PLs occupy around 1% and 2% of the aerial images area, respectively, reveal that our proposed loss function outperforms the popular BBCE loss by 16% in PL dice scores on both the datasets, 19% in precision and false detection rate (FDR) values for the Mendeley PL dataset and 15% in precision and FDR values for the PLDU with a minor degradation in the accuracy and recall values. Moreover, our proposed ACU-Net outperforms the baseline vanilla U-Net for the characteristic evaluation parameters in the range of 1-10% for both the PL datasets. Thus, our proposed loss function with ACU-Net achieves an optimal trade-off for the characteristic evaluation parameters without any bells and whistles. Our code is available at Github.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head
  4. Sharudin SN, Huda Al Firdas AN, Hitam S, Hamid Z, Nordin NJ, Othman N, et al.
    Malays J Pathol, 2020 Aug;42(2):287-291.
    PMID: 32860384
    INTRODUCTION: Lymphoma of parapharyngeal space (PPS) is a rare condition. The clinical presentations may vary and often masquerades as infection or an inflammatory condition. A misdiagnosis will lead to a delay in treatment of the disease. Due to the complex anatomy of PPS, any attributed pressure from masses can lead to a life-threatening event such as cardiac syncope.

    CASE REPORT: We report a rare case of PPS B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma with superimposed Tuberculosis (TB) and fungal infection that presents with several episodes of syncope and hemodynamic depression.

    DISCUSSION: The clinical entities in PPS lesions syncope and its associated syndromes, pathophysiology, and differential diagnosis together with possible managements are further discussed.

    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/complications; Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnosis; Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology
  5. Sayuti, R., Baharudin, A., Amran, M.
    MyJurnal
    Submasseteric abscess is unusual in the head and neck region. Patients with this condition may be misdiagnosed as a parotid abscess due to the similarities in their presentation. Awareness and due recognition should be given to this unusual problem.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head
  6. Asha’ari, Z.A., Kahairi, A., Shahid, H.
    MyJurnal
    We report two paediatric patients with massive head and neck plexiform neurofibromas who underwent surgical excision. We wish to highlight issues and implications pertaining to the surgery, in particular, the management of intraoperative bleeding often encountered in these cases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head
  7. Khairul Nizam Siron, Lim, Chia Hua
    MyJurnal
    Neer first popularised the use of primary hemiarthroplasty to treat complex proximal
    humerus fractures, especially when the humeral head is nonviable or not
    reconstructable with internal fixations, and with younger patients. (Copied from article).
    Matched MeSH terms: Humeral Head
  8. Nor Kamaruzaman Esa, Kahairi Abdullah, Shamim Rahman Abdul Rasheed
    MyJurnal
    Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (PC-ALCL) is relatively a rare tumour of head and
    neck region. Without histopathological confirmation, it appears and behaved as like malignant epithelial tumor of
    the head and neck region as will be illustrated in the present case. Cutaneous involvement of the tumor with
    distant metastasis has made the prognosis unfavorable. This isolated case of head and neck PC-ALCL was
    highlighted as it has a tendency to behave aggressively and early diagnosis and treatment is crucial to avoid poor
    survival outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head
  9. Mohd Syazwan, S., Aqbal, H.A., Azhar, H., Zulhadi, M., Sharifah Allyana, S.M.R., Baba M.D.
    MyJurnal
    Pedestrians' fatality trend in road crashes has been improving in recent years though it remains third in rank behind
    motorcyclists and car occupants. Based on the statistics, young pedestrians were the most affected group and the
    commonest injury regions were head and legs. Pedestrian crashes occurred primarily in rural areas and straight roads
    and at low light environment, and often involve cars and motorcycles. In addition to existing issues of careless and
    illegal crossing practices, there are potential new hazards face by pedestrian, which are mobile electronic device use
    and electric vehicle, especially when crossing roads. Road safety programs and interventions shall consider these new
    issues.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head
  10. Ow-Yang CK
    Family Practitioner, 1982;5:45-47.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head
  11. Lee ST, Krishnan MM
    Singapore Med J, 1991 Feb;32(1):50-2.
    PMID: 2017707
    Congenital branchial fistula and their embryology is well described in the literature. The accepted standard treatment method includes stepladder excision for extensive fistulas. This paper presents two cases (Case 1 and 2) which are embryologically typical of second and third arch origin respectively; and a third case (Case 3) which has not been previously described. Case 3 appears to be a hitherto unreported combination of first and second arch origin. Case 1 and 2 were treated via a standard stepladder excision approach. A different newer approach was utilised in Case 3, that is, stripping of the fistulous tract with Myer's vein stripper. Unlike the stepladder approach, this is simple and avoids extensive time consuming dissection. However, being a blind procedure, it is not generally advocated if vital structures exist in the proximity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiography; Head and Neck Neoplasms/surgery
  12. Gharanizadeh K, Sharifi AM, Tayyebi H, Heidari R, Amiri S, Noorigaravand S
    BMC Pharmacol Toxicol, 2023 Sep 05;24(1):44.
    PMID: 37670365 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-023-00682-x
    BACKGROUND: Deferoxamine (DFO) angiogenesis induction potential has been demonstrated in earlier studies, but not in the osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). In this study, we evaluated the outcome of ONFH treated with combined core decompression and local DFO administration loaded on Polylactic Glycolic Acid (PLGA).

    PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a pilot experimental study, six patients (10 hips) with early-stage non-traumatic ONFH were treated by core decompression, and concurrent injection of local DFO loaded on PLGA scaffold into the subchondral femoral head. Outcome measures were evaluated before the surgery and 12 and 24 months after the surgery and included visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, modified Merle d'Aubigné-Postel (MAP) score for hip function by MRI, and rate of osteonecrosis assessed by the modified.

    RESULTS: The mean MPA score was 14.7 ± 1.16 before the surgery and 16.7 ± 1.41 one year after the surgery (P = 0.004). The mean VAS for pain was 4.7 ± 1.25 before the surgery and 1.8 ± 1.03 one year after the surgery (P = 0.005). The mean Kerboul angle was 219 ± 58.64 before the operation and 164.6 ± 41.82 one year after the operation (P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Femur Head
  13. Sahoo S
    Malays J Med Sci, 2010 Jan;17(1):12-6.
    PMID: 22135520 MyJurnal
    Although around 70% of HIV+ cases used to have ocular manifestations, the late reporting of cases often results in severe forms of ocular morbidity that would otherwise have been prevented. The objective of this study was to describe the ocular manifestations of HIV and AIDS-related patients who had been admitted to TM Jafferji Hospital, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head
  14. Kamarulzaman MA, Abdul Halim AR, Ibrahim S
    Med J Malaysia, 2006 Feb;61 Suppl A:71-8.
    PMID: 17042235
    Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a relatively uncommon hip disorder in adolescents and its prevalence in Malaysia has not been studied. This retrospective study is undertaken to provide an overview of a 12-year review of SCFE treated in our institution. Fourteen patients (19 hips) with slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) admitted to Hospital UKM from 1990 to 2002 were reviewed with respect to demographic profile, functional outcome according to the Iowa Hip Score, and complications. There were ten boys (average age, 12.5 years) and four girls (average age, 12 years). Eight were Malays and six were Indians. The average body mass index was 26.1 verweight). The left hips (11 hips) were affected more than the right hips (eight hips). Five patients had bilateral slips. Thirteen hips were considered stable while the other six hips were unstable. The majority of cases were moderate slips (12 hips), four hips had severe slips while three hips had mild slips. Several methods of treatment were instituted. These include in situ cannulated screw fixation (11 hips), Knowles pin fixation (three hips) and gentle closed manipulative reduction with cannulated screw fixation (three hips). One patient with bilateral slips refused surgical treatment. Based on the Iowa Hip Score, most patients (nine) had satisfactory results (excellent or good), three had fair results while one patient had a poor result. Avascular necrosis developed in five hips while chondrolysis occurred in one hip. In situ cannulated screw fixation is the treatment of choice. SCFE is an uncommon condition in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Femur Head/injuries*; Femur Head/radiography; Femur Head/surgery; Femur Head Necrosis/etiology
  15. Vanderelst D, Peremans H, Razak NA, Verstraelen E, Dimitriadis G, Dimitriadis G
    PLoS One, 2015;10(3):e0118545.
    PMID: 25739038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118545
    At first sight, echolocating bats face a difficult trade-off. As flying animals, they would benefit from a streamlined geometric shape to reduce aerodynamic drag and increase flight efficiency. However, as echolocating animals, their pinnae generate the acoustic cues necessary for navigation and foraging. Moreover, species emitting sound through their nostrils often feature elaborate noseleaves that help in focussing the emitted echolocation pulses. Both pinnae and noseleaves reduce the streamlined character of a bat's morphology. It is generally assumed that by compromising the streamlined charactered of the geometry, the head morphology generates substantial drag, thereby reducing flight efficiency. In contrast, it has also been suggested that the pinnae of bats generate lift forces counteracting the detrimental effect of the increased drag. However, very little data exist on the aerodynamic properties of bat pinnae and noseleaves. In this work, the aerodynamic forces generated by the heads of seven species of bats, including noseleaved bats, are measured by testing detailed 3D models in a wind tunnel. Models of Myotis daubentonii, Macrophyllum macrophyllum, Micronycteris microtis, Eptesicus fuscus, Rhinolophus formosae, Rhinolophus rouxi and Phyllostomus discolor are tested. The results confirm that non-streamlined facial morphologies yield considerable drag forces but also generate substantial lift. The net effect is a slight increase in the lift-to-drag ratio. Therefore, there is no evidence of high aerodynamic costs associated with the morphology of bat heads.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head/anatomy & histology*
  16. Mahre MB, Wahid H, Rosnina Y, Jesse FF, Azlan CA, Khumran AM, et al.
    Anim. Reprod. Sci., 2014 Aug;148(3-4):245-50.
    PMID: 25015846 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.06.006
    This study provides standard information on the attributes of sperm and describes the surface structure of normal and abnormal spermatozoa of Rusa timorensis. Two fertile stags were used as the source of semen collected during the first breeding season commencing from April 5 to July 2, 2012. Another five stags were used as the source of semen collected during the second breeding season commencing from April 1 to June 27, 2013. Semen samples were collected from the stags using an electro-ejaculator. The ejaculate was processed and samples prepared for light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) according to standard methods. No significant difference (P>0.05) was found between sperm attributes in comparison between different stags and different months of the fertile seasons. The results of this study have also demonstrated that there are no differences in size, shape and surface structure between spermatozoa of the different stags and different months of the fertile seasons. Sperm attributes (volume, pH, sperm concentration, general motility, progressive motility and viability) were 2.2±0.29 ml, 7.2±0.17, 886.3±39.7×10(6) spermatozoa/ml, 78.7±2.01%, 80.8±1.85% and 83.2±0.85%, respectively. Morphological analysis showed low percentage of abnormal spermatozoa 13.9±2.88%. Scanning electron microscopy revealed spermatozoa which consisted of a flat paddle-shaped head, short neck and a tail, which was subdivided into midpiece, principal piece and endpiece. The average spermatozoon was 66.2±0.69 μm in total length. The flat paddle-shaped head was 7.8±0.28 μm long, 4.2±0.15 μm at its widest width, 2.4±0.18 μm basal width and 0.7±0.0 2μm thick. As for the tail, the midpiece length was 13.2±0.14 μm, 0.6±0.04 μm in diameter; the principal piece was 42.6±0.04μm, and 2.8±0.06 μm for the endpiece. Abnormal spermatozoa such as tapered head, microcephalic head, decapitated spermatozoa and bent tails were observed. Results provide standard information useful for development of strategies for semen cryopreservation and assisted reproductive technology in this species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sperm Head/ultrastructure
  17. Wong WL, Brennan GP, Halton DW, Maule AG, Lim LH
    Parasitol Res, 2014 Nov;113(11):3935-46.
    PMID: 25098344 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4057-8
    Caballeria liewi Lim, 1995, uses adhesive secretions from the head organs and posterior secretory systems to assist in locomotion and attachment. Ultrastructural investigations show that the head organs of C. liewi consist of three pairs of antero-lateral pit-like openings bearing microvilli and ducts leading from two types of uninucleated gland cells (located lateral to the pharynx), one type producing rod-like (S1) bodies with an electron-dense matrix containing less electron-dense vesicles and the second type producing oval (S2) bodies with a homogeneous electron-dense matrix. Interlinking band-like structures are observed between S1 bodies and between S2 bodies. S1 body is synthesised in the granular endoplasmic reticulum, transported to a Golgi complex to be packaged into vesicles and routed into ducts for exudation. The synthesis of the S2 body is unresolved. Haptoral secretions manifested externally as net-like structures are derived from dual electron-dense (DED) secretory body produced in the peduncular gland cells. The DED body consists of a less electron-dense oval core in a homogeneous electron-dense matrix. On exocytosis into the pyriform haptoral reservoir, DED bodies are transformed into a secretion with two types of inclusions (less electron-dense oval and electron-dense spherical inclusions) in an electron-dense matrix. The secretions are further transformed (as small, oval, electron-dense bodies) when transported to the superficial anchor grooves, and on exudation into the gill tissues, the secretions become an electron-dense matrix. Secretory bodies associated with uniciliated structures, anchor sleeves and marginal hooks are also observed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head/anatomy & histology*
  18. Gasmelseed A
    Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin, 2011 Jul;14(7):665-71.
    PMID: 21480080 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2011.563738
    In electromagnetic dosimetry, anatomical human models are commonly obtained by segmentation of magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scans. In this paper, a human head model extracted from thermal infrared images is examined in terms of its applicability to specific absorption rate (SAR) calculations. Since thermal scans are two-dimensional (2D) representation of surface temperature, this allows researchers to overcome the extensive computational demand associated with 3D simulation. The numerical calculations are performed using the finite-difference time-domain method with mesh sizes of 2 mm at 900 MHz plane wave irradiation. The power density of the incident plane wave is assumed to be 10 W/m(2). Computations were compared with a realistic anatomical head model. The results show that although there were marked differences in the local SAR distribution in the various tissues in the two models, the 1 g peak SAR values are approximately similar in the two models.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head/anatomy & histology*
  19. Nayak S, Soumya KV
    Adv Physiol Educ, 2009 Dec;33(4):356-7.
    PMID: 19948688 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00047.2009
    Matched MeSH terms: Head Movements/physiology
  20. Mallina S, Rosalind S, Philip R, Harvinder S, Gurdeep S, Sabaria MN
    Med J Malaysia, 2007 Dec;62(5):420-1.
    PMID: 18705482 MyJurnal
    A 65 year old man presented with a right upper cervical mass. A diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma was reported on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). CT scan however reported an intramuscular sternocleidomastoid swelling. The tumor was excised and a diagnosis of nodular fasciitis was made. It is important to be aware of this diagnosis and that FNAC reports may mimic that of a pleomorphic adenoma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnosis
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