Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 355 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Fulltext Enzyme aided extraction of sulfated polysaccharides from Turbinaria turbinata brown seaweed
    Hammed, A. M., Jaswir, I., Simsek, S., Alam, Z., Amid, A.
    International Food Research Journal, 2017;24(4):1660-1666.
    MyJurnal
    This study involves extraction of sulfated polysaccahride (SP) from brown seaweed (Turbinaria turbinata). Eight processing conditions affecting enzyme aided extraction (EAE) were screened using Plackett-Burman design. Three significant factors (hydrolysis time, enzyme concentration and extraction stage) were optimized using Faced Centred Central Composite Design in Random Surface Methods. Micrograph obtained using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed that cellulase degradation ruptured the seaweed cell matrix thus caused increase in the release of SP. The optimum conditions for extraction of SP from T. turbinata are: extraction stage of 2, hydrolysis time of 19.5 h and enzyme concentration of 1.5 μl/ml to produce 25.13% yield. The SP obtained from cellulase treated T. turbinata is a suitable anti-inflammatory agent for pharmaceutical applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hydrolysis
  2. Fulltext Physicochemical properties of mud clam (Polymesoda erosa) hydrolysates obtained using different microbial enzymes
    Normah, I., Noorasma, M.
    International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(3):1103-1111.
    MyJurnal
    Physicochemical properties of mud clam (Polymesoda erosa) hydrolysate produced using two microbial enzymes; alcalase and flavourzyme were determined. Hydrolysis using alcalase at 20.28% degree of hydrolysis (DH) resulted in 25.06 % yield and 45.37% protein while flavourzyme hydrolysis showed 22.93 % DH, 46.67 % protein and 30.68 % yield. Both hydrolysates were yellowish. Better emulsifying properties, foaming properties and water and oil holding capacity were exhibited by flavourzyme hydrolysate compared to the alcalase hydrolysate. However, in terms of amino acid composition, alcalase hydrolysate contained higher amino acid composition (75.06%) than flavourzyme hydrolysate (62.37%). The study suggested that mud clam hydrolysate had the potential to be used in food formulations for human consumption.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hydrolysis
  3. Fulltext Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by- product using response surface methodology
    Roslan, J., Mustapa Kamal, S.M., Md. Yunos, K.F., Abdullah, N.
    International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(3):1117-1123.
    MyJurnal
    Fish protein hydrolysate was recovered from tilapia by-product (TB) through enzymatic hydrolysis using alcalase enzyme. Hydrolysis reaction of TB was monitored according to the degree of hydrolysis (DH) by employing O-phtaldialdehyde (OPA) method. Optimization process for obtaining high yield of TB protein hydrolysate was performed using response surface methodology (RSM) by optimizing a combination of four independent variables namely, pH (6.5-8.5), temperature (55-70oC), substrate concentration (10-17.5% w/v), and enzyme concentration (1.5-3.5% w/w) with (DH) as a response. The optimum enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were obtained at pH 7.5, temperature of 60oC, substrate concentration of 15% (w/v) and 2.5% (w/w) of enzyme concentration and yielded about 20.20% of DH after hydrolyzing for 120 min. RSM generated model predicted that 20.42% of DH could be achieved at these conditions and this model was valid based on the DH value obtained from the experimental study (20.31%) which was quite similar with the predicted value. High yield of DH obtained from the optimization process could produce fish protein hydrolysate with good nutritional and functional properties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hydrolysis
  4. Biotechnological enhancement of lactic acid conversion from pretreated palm kernel cake hydrolysate by Actinobacillus succinogenes 130Z
    Rahim NA, Luthfi AAI, Bukhari NA, Tan JP, Abdul PM, Manaf SFA
    Sci Rep, 2023 Apr 08;13(1):5787.
    PMID: 37031272 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32964-z
    The aim of this study was to establish an improved pretreatment and fermentation method i.e. immobilized cells for high recovery of fermentable sugars from palm kernel cake (PKC) and its effects on fermentability performance by Actinobacillus succinogenes 130Z in the conversion of the fermentable sugar to lactic acid. The effects of oxalic acid concentrations (1-6% w/v) and residence times (1-5 h) on the sugar recovery were initially investigated and it was found that the highest mannose concentration was 25.1 g/L at the optimum hydrolysis conditions of 4 h and 3% (w/v) oxalic acid. The subsequent enzymatic saccharification of the pretreated PKC afforded the highest enzymatic digestibility with the recovered sugars amounting to 25.18 g/L and 9.14 g/L of mannose and glucose, respectively. Subsequently, the fermentability performance of PKC hydrolysate was evaluated and compared in terms of cultivation phases (i.e. mono and dual-phases), carbonate loadings (i.e. magnesium and sodium carbonates), and types of sugars (i.e. glucose and mannose). The highest titer of 19.4 g/L lactic acid was obtained from the fermentation involving A. succinogenes 130Z in dual-phase cultivation supplemented with 30 g/L of magnesium carbonate. Lactic acid production was further enhanced by using immobilized cells with coconut shell-activated carbon (CSAC) of different sizes (A, B, C, and D) in the repeated batch cultivation of dual-phase fermentation producing 31.64 g/L of lactic acid. This work sheds light on the possibilities to enhance the utilization of PKC for lactic acid production via immobilized A. succinogenes 130Z.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hydrolysis
  5. Fulltext Exploring pineapple peel hydrolysate as a sustainable carbon source for xylitol production
    Nasoha NZ, Luthfi AAI, Roslan MF, Hariz HB, Bukhari NA, Manaf SFA
    Sci Rep, 2023 Nov 07;13(1):19284.
    PMID: 37935748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46061-8
    This study explores utilizing pineapple peel (PP) hydrolysate as a promising carbon source for xylitol production, covering scopes from the pre-treatment to the fermentation process. The highest xylose concentration achieved was around 20 g/L via mild acid hydrolysis (5% nitric acid, 105 °C, 20-min residence time) with a solid loading of 10%. Two sets fermentability experiments were carried out of varying pH levels in synthetic media that includes acetic acid as the main inhibitors and hydrolysate supplemented with diverse nitrogen source. The results revealed that pH 7 exhibited the highest xylitol production, yielding 0.35 g/g. Furthermore, urea was found to be a highly promising and cost-effective substitute for yeast extract, as it yielded a comparable xylitol production of 0.31 g/g with marginal difference of only 0.01 g/g compared to yeast extract further highlights the viability of urea as the preferred option for reducing xylitol production cost. The absence of a significant difference between the synthetic media and hydrolysate, with only a marginal variance of 0.35 to 0.32 g/g, implies that acetic acid is indeed the primary constraint in xylitol production using PP hydrolysate. The study sheds light on PP biomass's potential for xylitol production, aligning economic benefits with environmental sustainability and waste management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hydrolysis
  6. Fulltext An alternative peptone preparation using Hermetia illucens (Black soldier fly) hydrolysis: process optimization and performance evaluation
    Liu G, Tiang MF, Ma S, Wei Z, Liang X, Sajab MS, et al.
    PeerJ, 2024;12:e16995.
    PMID: 38426145 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16995
    BACKGROUND: Hermetia illucens (HI), commonly known as the black soldier fly, has been recognized for its prowess in resource utilization and environmental protection because of its ability to transform organic waste into animal feed for livestock, poultry, and aquaculture. However, the potential of the black soldier fly's high protein content for more than cheap feedstock is still largely unexplored.

    METHODS: This study innovatively explores the potential of H. illucens larvae (HIL) protein as a peptone substitute for microbial culture media. Four commercial proteases (alkaline protease, trypsin, trypsase, and papain) were explored to hydrolyze the defatted HIL, and the experimental conditions were optimized via response surface methodology experimental design. The hydrolysate of the defatted HIL was subsequently vacuum freeze-dried and deployed as a growth medium for three bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli) to determine the growth kinetics between the HIL peptone and commercial peptone.

    RESULTS: The optimal conditions were 1.70% w/w complex enzyme (alkaline protease: trypsin at 1:1 ratio) at pH 7.0 and 54 °C for a duration of 4 h. Under these conditions, the hydrolysis of defatted HIL yielded 19.25% ±0.49%. A growth kinetic analysis showed no significant difference in growth parameters (μmax, Xmax, and λ) between the HIL peptone and commercial peptone, demonstrating that the HIL hydrolysate could serve as an effective, low-cost alternative to commercial peptone. This study introduces an innovative approach to HIL protein resource utilization, broadening its application beyond its current use in animal feed.

    Matched MeSH terms: Hydrolysis
  7. Fulltext Fermentable sugar recovery from durian peel by using ultrasound-assisted chemical pretreatment
    Yan Sim X, He N, Mohamed Abdul P, Keong Yeap S, Woh Hui Y, Foong Tiang M, et al.
    Ultrason Sonochem, 2024 Mar;104:106811.
    PMID: 38394823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106811
    Durian peel, an abundant waste in Malaysia could be a potential substrate for fermentable sugar recovery for value-added biochemical production. Common pretreatment such as acid or alkaline pretreatment resulted in the need for extensive solid washing which generated wastewater. Herein, this study aims to introduce sonication on top of chemical pretreatment to destruct lignin and reduce the chemical usage during the durian peel pretreatment process. In this study, the morphology and the chemical composition of the pretreated durian peels were studied. The sugar yield produced from the chemical pretreatment and the combined ultrasound and chemical pretreatment were compared. The morphology and chemical structure of durian peels were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The SEM images showed that the structural change became more significant when sonication was introduced. Second, XRD profile indicated a relatively higher crystallinity index and FTIR spectra displayed a lower intensity of lignin and hemicellulose for ultrasound plus alkaline (UB) pretreatment as compared to acid, alkaline and ultrasound plus acid (UA) pretreatment. UB and UA pretreatment portrayed higher yield (376.60 ± 12.14 and 237.38 ± 3.96 mg reducing sugar/g dry biomass, respectively) than their controls without the application of ultrasound. Therefore, it could be concluded that ultrasound was able to intensify the fermentable sugar recovery from durian peel by inducing physical and chemical effect of cavitation to alter the morphology of durian peel. Fermentation of UB treated durian peel resulted in 2.68 mol hydrogen/mol consumed sugar and 131.56 mL/Lmedium/h of hydrogen productivity. This study is important because it will shed light on a way to handle durian waste disposal problems and generate fermentable sugars for the production of high value-added products.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hydrolysis
  8. Fulltext Isolation and characterisation of lignin using natural deep eutectic solvents pretreated kenaf fibre biomass
    Meraj A, Jawaid M, Singh SP, Nasef MM, Ariffin H, Fouad H, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2024 Apr 15;14(1):8672.
    PMID: 38622317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59200-6
    Extraction of lignin via green methods is a crucial step in promoting the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomasses. In the present study, utilisation of natural deep eutectic solvent for the pretreatment of kenaf fibres biomass is performed. Furthermore, extracted lignin from natural deep eutectic solvent pretreated kenaf biomass was carried out and its comparative study with commercial lignin was studied. The extracted lignin was characterized and investigated through Infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. FTIR Spectra shows that all samples have almost same set of absorption bands with slight difference in frequencies. CHNS analysis of natural deep eutectic solvent pretreated kenaf fibre showed a slight increase in carbon % from 42.36 to 43.17% and an increase in nitrogen % from - 0.0939 to - 0.1377%. Morphological analysis of commercial lignin shows irregular/uneven surfaces whereas natural deep eutectic solvent extracted lignin shows smooth and wavy surface. EDX analysis indicated noticeable peaks for oxygen and carbon elements which are present in lignocellulosic biomass. Thermal properties showed that lignin is constant at higher temperatures due to more branching and production of extremely condensed aromatic structures. In UV-VIS spectroscopy, commercial lignin shows slightly broad peak between 300 and 400 nm due to presence of carbonyl bond whereas, natural deep eutectic solvent extracted lignin does not show up any peak in this range. XRD results showed that the crystallinity index percentage for kenaf and natural deep eutectic solvent treated kenaf was 70.33 and 69.5% respectively. Therefore, these innovative solvents will undoubtedly have significant impact on the development of clean, green, and sustainable products for biocatalysts, extraction, electrochemistry, adsorption applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hydrolysis
  9. Saccharification of polysaccharide content of palm kernel cake using enzymatic catalysis for production of biobutanol in acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation
    Shukor H, Abdeshahian P, Al-Shorgani NK, Hamid AA, Rahman NA, Kalil MS
    Bioresour Technol, 2016 Feb;202:206-13.
    PMID: 26710346 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.11.078
    In this work, hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose content of palm kernel cake (PKC) by different types of hydrolytic enzymes was studied to evaluate monomeric sugars released for production of biobutanol by Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 (ATCC 13564) in acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation. Experimental results revealed that when PKC was hydrolyzed by mixed β-glucosidase, cellulase and mannanase, a total simple sugars of 87.81±4.78 g/L were produced, which resulted in 3.75±0.18 g/L butanol and 6.44±0.43 g/L ABE at 168 h fermentation. In order to increase saccharolytic efficiency of enzymatic treatment, PKC was pretreated by liquid hot water before performing enzymatic hydrolysis. Test results showed that total reducing sugars were enhanced to 97.81±1.29 g/L with elevated production of butanol and ABE up to 4.15±1.18 and 7.12±2.06 g/L, respectively which represented an A:B:E ratio of 7:11:1.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hydrolysis
  10. Fulltext Kinetic characterization of Channa striatus muscle sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein hydrolysates
    Ghassem M, Fern SS, Said M, Ali ZM, Ibrahim S, Babji AS
    J Food Sci Technol, 2014 Mar;51(3):467-75.
    PMID: 24587521 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-011-0526-6
    This study was conducted to evaluate the kinetic characteristics of proteolytic activity of proteases on Channa striatus protein fractions. Degree of hydrolysis (DH), amino acid composition and kinetic parameters of sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins were investigated when incubated with proteinase K and thermolysin, separately. After 30 min incubation with proteases, a decrease in DH of sarcoplasmic protein was observed whereas, hydrolysis of myofibrillar protein with proteases took 2 h with an increase in DH. The major amino acids were glutamic acid (16.6%) in thermolysin- myofibrillar hydrolysate followed by aspartic acid (11.1%) in sarcoplasmic protein fraction with no enzyme treatment and lysine (10%) in thermolysin-myofibrillar hydrolysate. The apparent Michaelis constant of proteinase K was lower than thermolysin for both sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins. However, rate of turnover and enzyme efficiency suggested that sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins are suitable substrates for proteinase K and thermolysin hydrolytic reaction, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hydrolysis
  11. Ultrasound mediated enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose
    Sulaiman AZ, Ajit A, Chisti Y
    Biotechnol Prog, 2013 Nov-Dec;29(6):1448-57.
    PMID: 23926080 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1786
    A recombinant Trichoderma reesei cellulase was used for the ultrasound-mediated hydrolysis of soluble carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and insoluble cellulose of various particle sizes. The hydrolysis was carried out at low intensity sonication (2.4-11.8 W cm(-2) sonication power at the tip of the sonotrode) using 10, 20, and 40% duty cycles. [A duty cycle of 10%, for example, was obtained by sonicating for 1 s followed by a rest period (no sonication) of 9 s.] The reaction pH and temperature were always 4.8 and 50°C, respectively. In all cases, sonication enhanced the rate of hydrolysis relative to nonsonicated controls. The hydrolysis of CMC was characterized by Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The Michaelis-Menten parameter of the maximum reaction rate Vmax was enhanced by sonication relative to controls, but the value of the saturation constant Km was reduced. The optimal sonication conditions were found to be a 10% duty cycle and a power intensity of 11.8 W cm(-2) . Under these conditions, the maximum rate of hydrolysis of soluble CMC was nearly double relative to control. In the hydrolysis of cellulose, an increasing particle size reduced the rate of hydrolysis. At any fixed particle size, sonication at a 10% duty cycle and 11.8 W cm(-2) power intensity improved the rate of hydrolysis relative to control. Under the above mentioned optimal sonication conditions, the enzyme lost about 20% of its initial activity in 20 min. Sonication was useful in accelerating the enzyme catalyzed saccharification of cellulose.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hydrolysis
  12. Kinetic coupled with UV spectral evidence for near-irreversible nonionic micellar binding of N-benzylphthalimide under the typical reaction conditions: an observation against a major assumption of the pseudophase micellar model
    Cheong MY, Ariffin A, Khan MN
    J Phys Chem B, 2007 Oct 25;111(42):12185-94.
    PMID: 17914797
    Pseudo-first-order rate constants (k(obs)) for alkaline hydrolysis of N-benzylphthalimide (1) show a nonlinear decrease with the increase in [C(m)E(n)]T (total concentration of Brij 58, m = 16, n = 20 and Brij 56, m = 16, n = 10) at constant [CH(3)CN] and [NaOH]. These nonionic micellar effects, within the certain typical reaction conditions, have been explained in terms of the pseudophase micellar (PM) model. The values of micellar binding constants (KS) of 1 are 1.04 x 10(3) M(-1) (at 1.0 x 10(-3) M NaOH) and 1.08 x 10(3) M(-1) (at 2.0 x 10(-3) M NaOH) for C(16)E(20) as well as 600 M(-1) (at 7.6 x 10(-4) M NaOH) and 670 M(-1) (at 1.0 x 10(-3) M NaOH) for C(16)E(10) micelles. The pseudo-first-order rate constants (kM) for hydrolysis of 1 in C(16)E(20) micellar pseudophase are approximately 90-fold smaller than those (kW) in water phase. The values of kM for hydrolysis of 1 in C(16)E(10) micelles are almost zero. Kinetic coupled with UV spectral data reveals significant irreversible nonionic micellar binding of 1 molecules in the micellar environment of nearly zero hydroxide ion concentration at >or=0.14 M C(16)E(20) and 1.0 x 10(-3) M NaOH while such observations could not be detected at or=3 x 10(-3) M C(16)E(10) and 7.6 x 10(-4) M NaOH, while the rate of hydrolysis of 1 is completely ceased at >or=0.05 M C(16)E(10) and 7.6 x 10(-4) M NaOH. The rate of hydrolysis of 1 at 5.0 x 10(-2) and 8.8 x 10(-2) M C(16)E(10) and 1.0 x 10(-3) M NaOH reveals the formation of presumably phthalic anhydride, whereas such observation was not observed in the C(16)E(20) micellar system under similar experimental conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hydrolysis
  13. Exploring the effect of cellulose nanowhiskers isolated from oil palm biomass on polylactic acid properties
    Haafiz MK, Hassan A, Khalil HP, Fazita MR, Islam MS, Inuwa IM, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2016 Apr;85:370-8.
    PMID: 26772914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.004
    In this work, polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) were prepared through solution casting technique. The CNW was first isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch microcrystalline cellulose (OPEFB-MCC) by using 64% H2SO4 and was designated as CNW-S. The optical microscopy revealed that the large particle of OPEFB-MCC has been broken down by the hydrolysis treatment. The atomic force microscopy confirmed that the CNW-S obtained is in nanoscale dimension and appeared in individual rod-like character. The produced CNW-S was then incorporated with PLA at 1, 3, and 5 parts per hundred (phr) resins for the PLA-CNW-S nanocomposite production. The synthesized nanocomposites were then characterized by a mean of tensile properties and thermal stability. Interestingly to note that incorporating of 3 phr/CNW-S in PLA improved the tensile strength by 61%. Also, CNW-S loading showed a positive impact on the Young's modulus of PLA. The elongation at break (Eb) of nanocomposites, however, decreased with the addition of CNW-S. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the CNW-S dispersed well in PLA at lower filler loading before it started to agglomerate at higher CNW-S loading (5phr). The DSC analysis of the nanocomposites obtained showed that Tg,Tcc and Tm values of PLA were improved with CNW-S loading. The TGA analysis however, revealed that incopreated CNW-S in PLA effect the thermal stability (T10,T50 and Tmax) of nanocomposite, where it decrease linearly with CNW-S loading.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hydrolysis
  14. Enzymatic hydrolysis of molasses
    Najafpour GD, Shan CP
    Bioresour Technol, 2003 Jan;86(1):91-4.
    PMID: 12421015
    Kinetic studies of the enzymatic hydrolysis of molasses were conducted using glucoamylase. Central Sugar Refinery SDN BHD contains 13-20% glucose. The molasses was diluted and the kinetic experiments were conducted at 67 degrees C with 100-1000 mg/l of glucoamylase. The glucose contents of the molasses were enhanced after hydrolysis of molasses solution with 1000 mg/l glucoamylase. A Lineweaver-Burk plot was obtained based on enzyme kinetic data. The rate constant, Km and maximum reaction rate, Vmax for 500 mg/l of glucoamylase were 100 mmol/l (18 g/l) and 5 mmol/l min (0.9 g/l min), respectively. The maximum reaction rate, Vmax for 1000 mg/l of glucoamylase was doubled, to 100 mmol/l (18 g/l) and the rate constant, Km was the same for 500 mg/l of glucoamylase. The substrate inhibition model was noncompetitive based on the resulting Lineweaver-Burk plot for enzyme concentration of 500 and 1000 mg/l.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hydrolysis
  15. Fulltext Bioethanol production from agarophyte red seaweed, Gelidium elegans, using a novel sample preparation method for analysing bioethanol content by gas chromatography
    Hessami MJ, Cheng SF, Ambati RR, Yin YH, Phang SM
    3 Biotech, 2019 Jan;9(1):25.
    PMID: 30622863 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1549-8
    In this study, Gelidium elegans is investigated for ethanol production. A combination of factors including different temperatures, acid concentration and incubation time was evaluated to determine the suitable saccharification conditions. The combination of 2.5% (w/v) H2SO4 at 120 °C for 40 min was selected for hydrolysis of the seaweed biomass, followed by purification, and fermentation to yield ethanol. The galactose and glucose were dominant reducing sugars in the G. elegans hydrolysate and under optimum condition of dilute acid hydrolysis, 39.42% of reducing sugars was produced and fermentation resulted in ethanol concentration of 13.27 ± 0.47 g/L. A modified method was evaluated for sample preparation for gas chromatography (GC) analysis of the ethanol content. A solvent mixture of acetonitrile and iso-butanol precipitated dissolved organic residues and reduced water content in GC samples at least by 90%. Results showed that this method could be successfully used for bioethanol production from seaweed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hydrolysis
  16. Two-staged acid hydrolysis on ethylene glycol pretreated degraded oil palm empty fruit bunch for sugar based substrate recovery
    Chin DWK, Lim S, Pang YL, Lim CH, Lee KM
    Bioresour Technol, 2019 Nov;292:121967.
    PMID: 31450064 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121967
    Ethylene glycol in the presence of sodium hydroxide was utilised as pretreatment for effective delignification and reduced the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass which ramified the exposure of cellulose. Two-staged acid hydrolysis was also investigated which demonstrated its synergistic efficiency by minimising the deficiency of single stage acid hydrolysis. The operating parameters including acid concentration, temperature, residence time and cellulose loading for two-staged acid hydrolysis were studied by using ethylene glycol delignified degraded oil palm empty fruit bunch (DEFB) to recover the sugar based substrates for potential biofuels and other bio-chemicals production. In this study, stage I 45 wt% acid at 65 °C for 30 min coupled with high cellulose loading 21.25 w/v% and 12 wt% acid at 100 °C for 120 min was able to release a total of 89.8% optimum sugar yield with minimal formation of degradation products including 0.058 g/L furfural, 0.0251 g/L hydroxymethylfurfural and 0.200 g/L phenolic compounds.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hydrolysis
  17. Fulltext Two-Dimensional, Hierarchical Ag-Doped TiO2 Nanocatalysts: Effect of the Metal Oxidation State on the Photocatalytic Properties
    Md Saad SK, Ali Umar A, Ali Umar MI, Tomitori M, Abd Rahman MY, Mat Salleh M, et al.
    ACS Omega, 2018 Mar 31;3(3):2579-2587.
    PMID: 31458546 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00109
    This paper reports the synthesis of two-dimensional, hierarchical, porous, and (001)-faceted metal (Ag, Zn, and Al)-doped TiO2 nanostructures (TNSs) and the study of their photocatalytic activity. Two-dimensional metal-doped TNSs were synthesized using the hydrolysis of ammonium hexafluorotitanate in the presence of hexamethylenetetramine and metal precursors. Typical morphology of metal-doped TNSs is a hierarchical nanosheet that is composed of randomly stacked nanocubes (dimensions of up to 5 μm and 200 nm in edge length and thickness, respectively) and has dominant (001) facets exposed. Raman analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that the Ag doping, compared to Zn and Al, much improves the crystallinity degree and at the same time dramatically lowers the valence state binding energy of the TNS and provides an additional dopant oxidation state into the system for an enhanced electron-transfer process and surface reaction. These are assumed to enhance the photocatalytic of the TNS. In a model of photocatalytic reaction, that is, rhodamine B degradation, the AgTNS demonstrates a high photocatalytic activity by converting approximately 91% of rhodamine B within only 120 min, equivalent to a rate constant of 0.018 m-1 and ToN and ToF of 94 and 1.57 min-1, respectively, or 91.1 mmol mg-1 W-1 degradation when normalized to used light source intensity, which is approximately 2 times higher than the pristine TNS and several order higher when compared to Zn- and Al-doped TNSs. Improvement of the crystallinity degree, decrease in the defect density and the photogenerated electron and hole recombination, and increase of the oxygen vacancy in the AgTNS are found to be the key factors for the enhancement of the photocatalytic properties. This work provides a straightforward strategy for the preparation of high-energy (001) faceted, two-dimensional, hierarchical, and porous Ag-doped TNSs for potential use in photocatalysis and photoelectrochemical application.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hydrolysis
  18. Fulltext The properties, compositions and qualities of Yellowstripe scad (Selaroides Leptolepis) and its liquid protein hydrolysate based on different enzyme concentrations, hydrolysis time and choice of buffer
    Hau, E.H., Amiza, M.A., Zainol, M.K., Mohd Zin, Z.
    International Food Research Journal, 2018;25(3):1174-1180.
    MyJurnal
    This study aimed to determine the best parameters (types of buffer, hydrolysis time and enzyme concentration) used to produce good quality of liquid protein hydrolysate from Yellowstripe scad in terms of high yield, protein content and concentration. The choice of buffer (sodium or potassium buffer), hydrolysis time (1 h, 2 h, 3 h or 4 h) and enzymes concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%) were investigated. The results obtained from two way ANOVA showed that these parameters had significant difference (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Hydrolysis
  19. Recovery of cellulose fibers from oil palm empty fruit bunch for pulp and paper using green delignification approach
    Yiin CL, Ho S, Yusup S, Quitain AT, Chan YH, Loy ACM, et al.
    Bioresour Technol, 2019 Oct;290:121797.
    PMID: 31327691 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121797
    The aim of this work was to recover the cellulose fibers from EFB using low-transition-temperature-mixtures (LTTMs) as a green delignification approach. The hydrogen bonding of LTTMs observed in 1H NMR tends to disrupt the three-dimensional structure of lignin and further remove the lignin from EFB. Delignification process of EFB strands and EFB powder were performed using standard l-malic acid and cactus malic acid-LTTMs. The recovered cactus malic acid-LTTMs showed higher glucose concentration of 8.07 mg/mL than the recovered l-malic acid LTTMs (4.15 mg/mL). This implies that cactus malic acid-LTTMs had higher delignification efficiency which led to higher amount of cellulose hydrolyzed into glucose. The cactus malic acid-LTTMs-delignified EFB was the most feasible fibers for making paper due to its lowest kappa number of 69.84. The LTTMs-delignified EFB has great potential to be used for making specialty papers in pulp and paper industry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hydrolysis
  20. Fulltext Utilization of acid pre-treated coconut dregs as a substrate for production of detergent compatible lipase by Bacillus stratosphericus
    Mohd Zin NB, Mohamad Yusof B, Oslan SN, Wasoh H, Tan JS, Ariff AB, et al.
    AMB Express, 2017 Dec;7(1):131.
    PMID: 28651380 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0433-y
    In recent years, many efforts have been directed to explore the methods to reduce the production costs of industrial lipase by improving the yield and the use of low-cost agricultural wastes. Coconut dregs, which is a lignocellulosic by-product from coconut oil and milk processing plants, is rich in cellulose (36%) and crude fat (9%). A newly isolated Bacillus stratosphericus has been demonstrated to perform cellulose hydrolysis on coconut dregs producing fermentable sugars. The highest extracellular lipase activity of 140 U/mL has been achieved in submerged fermentation with acid pre-treated coconut dregs. The lipase was found to be active over a wide range of temperatures and pHs. The activity of lipase can be generally increased by the presence of detergent ingredients such as Tween-80, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, hydrogen peroxide and phosphate per sulphate. The great compatibility of lipase in commercial detergents has also underlined its potential as an additive ingredient in biodetergent formulations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hydrolysis
Related Terms
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links