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Pediatric craniomaxillofacial injuries after road traffic crashes: characteristics of injuries and protective equipment use

Yunus SS, Ngeow WC, Ramli R

Am J Emerg Med, 2015 Sep;33(9):1253-7.
PMID: 26026365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.05.009

A cross-sectional study to determine the pattern of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) injuries among children involved in road traffic crashes was performed. The association of protective equipment use with the CMF injuries was evaluated.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
Fulltext Effectiveness and safety of early versus late caffeine therapy in managing apnoea of prematurity among preterm infants: a retrospective cohort study

Yun WZ, Kassab YW, Yao LM, Khairuddin N, Ming LC, Hadi MA

Int J Clin Pharm, 2022 Oct;44(5):1140-1148.
PMID: 35915341 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-022-01437-0

BACKGROUND: Early administration of intravenous (IV) caffeine (initiation within 2 days of life) is an effective treatment strategy for the management of apnoea of prematurity among infants. However, the safety and effectiveness of early administration of oral caffeine treatment is not be fully established.
AIM: We aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of early versus late caffeine therapy on preterm infants' clinical outcomes.
METHOD: A retrospective matched cohort study was conducted using data of patients admitted to neonatal intensive care units of two tertiary care hospitals between January 2016 and December 2018. The clinical outcomes and mortality risk between early caffeine (initiation within 2 days of life) and late caffeine (initiation ≥ 3 days of life) were compared.
RESULTS: Ninety-five pairs matched based on gestational age were included in the study. Compared to late initiation, preterm infants with early caffeine therapy had: a shorter duration of non-invasive mechanical ventilation (median 5 days vs. 12 days; p infants with apnoea of prematurity. However, an increase in mortality associated with early caffeine therapy requires further investigation.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
Fulltext Health Profiles of Newly Arrived Refugee Children in the United States, 2006-2012

Yun K, Matheson J, Payton C, Scott KC, Stone BL, Song L, et al.

Am J Public Health, 2016 Jan;106(1):128-35.
PMID: 26562126 DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302873

OBJECTIVES: We conducted a large-scale study of newly arrived refugee children in the United States with data from 2006 to 2012 domestic medical examinations in 4 sites: Colorado; Minnesota; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Washington State.
METHODS: Blood lead level, anemia, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, tuberculosis infection or disease, and Strongyloides seropositivity data were available for 8148 refugee children (aged < 19 years) from Bhutan, Burma, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Iraq, and Somalia.
RESULTS: We identified distinct health profiles for each country of origin, as well as for Burmese children who arrived in the United States from Thailand compared with Burmese children who arrived from Malaysia. Hepatitis B was more prevalent among male children than female children and among children aged 5 years and older. The odds of HBV, tuberculosis, and Strongyloides decreased over the study period.
CONCLUSIONS: Medical screening remains an important part of health care for newly arrived refugee children in the United States, and disease risk varies by population.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
Picture of the month. Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn

Yuen NS, Ibrahim SB

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 2011 Jun;165(6):563-4.
PMID: 21646590 DOI: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.80-a
Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
Prevention of respiratory distress syndrome

Yu, Victor Y.H.

Malaysian Journal of Child Health, 1993;5(1):3-8.
MyJurnal

ANTENATAL CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY. Benefits. In 1969, the first study was published which showed that prematurely delivered lambs exposed prenatally to corticosteroids survived longer than placebo-treated control animals.' A randomised clinical trial (RCT) followed which demonstrated that antenatal corticosteroid therapy significantly reduced the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in infants born before 2 weeks gestation and reduced mortality in those born before 37 weeks.2 A meta-analysis has been published on 12 RCTs involving over 3000 women in preterm labour, using primarily 24mg of betamethasone or dexamethasone given in 2-6 divided doses over a 48-hour period.' It showed that antenatal corticosteroid therapy is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of RDS (a) if the infant is born > 24 hours or < 7 days of the treatment, (b) in both male and female infants and (c) even in infants < 31 weeks gestation. It also significantly reduces mortality rate and morbidity such as intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) and necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), shortens the duration of hospitalisation and reduces treatment costs. The improvement in survival rate in infants born

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
MPA given orally during the first trimester for threatened miscarriage carries no specific risk for foetal abnormalities albeit the rate is higher than non-threatened pregnancies

Yovich JL, Mariappen U, Hinchliffe PM, Dhaliwal SS, Keane KN

Reprod Biol, 2020 Sep;20(3):424-432.
PMID: 32389607 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2020.03.008

This observational study examines the outcomes of pregnancies arising in women referred for infertility, where those who experienced threatened miscarriage were treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) tablets. The 14-year study period covers comprehensive real-time data entries into the validated electronic database including details of the infertility management, pregnancy outcomes and any foetal anomalies among the infants, each being tracked and recorded. Of 4057 clinical pregnancies, 1343 received MPA for threatened miscarriage; 934 (69.6 %) of which continued to livebirths. These were compared with the remaining 2714 clinical pregnancies without threatened miscarriage or MPA and which resulted in 2075 (76.5 %) livebirths. There were 134 developmental abnormalities recorded among the 3009 livebirths of which 78 (2.6 %) were categorised appropriate for the Western Australian Developmental Abnormalities Register; WARDA. These comprised 55 in the MPA group, 36 of which were categorised as serious (being 2.7 % of clinical pregnancies and 3.9 % of births). In the group without MPA, there were 79 abnormalities, of which 42 were categorised as serious (being 1.7 % of clinical pregnancies and 2.2 % of births). Specifically, there were no cases of androgenisation noted among the female infants. The abnormality rates were low overall and well within the annual WARDA ranges. We cautiously suggest that oral MPA can be considered for studies throughout pregnancy including the early first trimester to assess a potential role in reducing miscarriage, as well as advanced pregnancies to evaluate a potential role in reducing stillbirths and preterm delivery.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
Fulltext Anti-G with concomitant anti-C and anti-D: A case report in a pregnant woman

Yousuf R, Mustafa AN, Ho SL, Tang YL, Leong CF

Asian J Transfus Sci, 2017 3 21;11(1):62-64.
PMID: 28316444 DOI: 10.4103/0973-6247.200770

The G antigen of Rh blood group system is present in almost all D-positive or C-positive red cells but absent from red cells lacking D and C antigens. The differentiation of anti-D and anti-C from anti-G is not necessary for routine transfusion; however, during pregnancy, it is important because anti-G can masquerade as anti-D and anti-C with initial antibody testing. The false presence of anti-D will exclude the patient from receiving anti-D immunoglobulin (RhIG) when the patient actually is a candidate for RhIG prophylaxis. Moreover, patients with positive anti-D or anti-G are at risk of developing hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn and need close monitoring. Thus, proper identification allows the clinicians to manage patients properly. This case report highlights a rare case of anti-G together with anti-D and anti-C in a pregnant woman. This report disseminates knowledge on identification of anti-G and its importance in pregnant women.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
Fulltext Variations in medical practice of retinopathy of prematurity among 8 Asian countries from an international survey

Youn YA, Kim SY, Cho SJ, Chang YS, Miyake F, Kusuda S, et al.

Sci Rep, 2023 Sep 20;13(1):15602.
PMID: 37730731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42432-3

Advances in perinatal care have led to the increased survival of preterm infants with subsequent neonatal morbidities, such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). This study aims to compare the differences of neonatal healthcare systems, resources, and clinical practice concerning ROP in Asia with review of current literature. An on-line survey at the institutional level was sent to the directors of 336 neonatal intensive care units (NICU) in 8 collaborating national neonatal networks through the Asian Neonatal Network Collaboration (AsianNeo). ROP screening was performed in infants born at infants born at infants with birth weight

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
Fulltext Treatment of tetanus neonatorum in a rural setting

Yong YF

Med J Malaysia, 1983 Mar;38(1):74-6.
PMID: 6688850

Tetanus, especially tetanus neonatorum (T.N.) continues to be a significant medical and social problem in the developing countries. The case mortality rate remains very high even in the 'developed' countries, varying from 60-80 percent in various reports, and even higher in the case of tetanus neonatorum. Sanders et al had introduced the method of intrathecal injection of antitetanus serum (ATS) in 1976 and have achieved very encouraging results. As the conventional treatment of tetanus neonatorum had achieved very poor result, even in the very sophisticated centres, a case of tetanus neonatorum admitted to Cottage Hospital Semporna in Sabah had been treated with intrathecal ATS since June 1982. This paper reviews the results of this new approach to tetanus neonatorum treatment as compared to cases treated conventionally.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases/therapy*
Persistent neonatal hypoglycaemia as a result of hypoplastic pituitary gland

Yong SC, Boo NY, Wu LL

Br J Hosp Med (Lond), 2006 Jun;67(6):326.
PMID: 16821748 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2006.67.6.21296
Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
Incidence of nasal trauma associated with nasal prong versus nasal mask during continuous positive airway pressure treatment in very low birthweight infants: a randomised control study

Yong SC, Chen SJ, Boo NY

Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed., 2005 Nov;90(6):F480-3.
PMID: 15941825

To compare the incidence of nasal trauma associated with the use of prong or mask during nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) support in very low birthweight (<1501 g) infants.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
Patients with congenital hypothyroidism demonstrate different altered expression of plasma fibrinogen and haptoglobin polypeptide chains

Yong PH, Junit SM, Harun F, Hashim OH

Clin Biochem, 2006 Feb;39(2):126-32.
PMID: 16412408

To compare the plasma protein profiles of treated and untreated congenital hypothyroidism (CH) patients with those of normal control infants.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
Fulltext Seremban Cohort Study (SECOST): a prospective study of determinants and pregnancy outcomes of maternal glycaemia in Malaysia

Yong HY, Mohd Shariff Z, Rejali Z, Mohd Yusof BN, Yasmin F, Palaniveloo L

BMJ Open, 2018 01 21;8(1):e018321.
PMID: 29358431 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018321

INTRODUCTION: Both gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hyperglycaemia less severe than GDM are associated with risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. We describe the study design of a prospective cohort of pregnant women recruited in early pregnancy with follow-ups of mothers and infants up to 2 years after birth. The primary aim of the study was to identify the determinants and outcomes of maternal glycaemia.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Seremban Cohort Study (SECOST) is an ongoing prospective cohort study in which eligible pregnant women in first trimester (<10 weeks of gestation) are recruited from Maternal and Child Health clinics in Seremban District, Negeri Sembilan with seven follow-ups during pregnancy through 2 years postnatally. Infants are followed up every 6 months after birth until 2 years old. A standard 75 g oral glucose tolerance test is performed between 24 and 32 of weeks of gestation and as close to 28 weeks of gestation. Pregnancy and birth information are obtained from medical records. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, biochemical, dietary, physical activity, smoking, depression, child feeding and other data of mothers and infants are obtained at follow-ups.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study is approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee (MREC), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM/FPSK/100-9/2-MJKEtika) and MREC, Ministry of Health Malaysia (KKM/NIHSEC/08/0804/P12- 613). Permission to conduct this study is also obtained from the Head of Seremban District Health Office. All participants are required to provide written informed consent prior to data collection. The research findings will be disseminated at journals and conference presentations.
Study name: Seremban Cohort Study (SECOST)

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
Fulltext Epidemiology of aplastic anaemia in the state of Sabah, Malaysia

Yong ASM, Goh AS, Rahman M, Menon J, Purushothaman V

Med J Malaysia, 1998 Mar;53(1):59-62.
PMID: 10968139

Aplastic anaemia is a rare disease which is more prevalent in the Far East. In Malaysia, it appears to be unusually common in the state of Sabah. A retrospective analysis of all cases of aplastic anaemia diagnosed between January 1993 and March 1996 was undertaken. The criteria of the International Aplastic Anaemia and Agranulocytosis Study (IAAAS) was used. In this 39 month period, 31 cases were confirmed by marrow trephine biopsy to be aplastic anaemia. The male-to-female ratio was 3.4. Median age of diagnosis was 23 years. There were 24 patients (77%) who were from the Kadazan-Dusun ethnic group, which forms 18% of the population of Sabah. The incidence of aplastic anaemia in Sabah appears to be higher than that reported elsewhere in the Far East, at 4.8 per million population per year. Peak incidence is in the elderly group at 8.6 per million followed by a second peak in young people aged 15 to 24 (7.9 per million). The aplastic anaemia to total acute leukaemia ratio is 0.37. The marked male preponderance and apparent susceptibility of the Kadazan-Dusun people are also notable. A further prospective study to address the true incidence of aplastic anaemia and possible aetiologic factors accounting for these observations is necessary.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
Induction of labor via Foley balloon catheter placement for 6 vs 12 hours in women with 1 previous cesarean delivery and unfavorable cervices: a randomized controlled trial

Yogamoorthy U, Saaid R, Gan F, Hong J, Hamdan M, Tan PC

Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM, 2023 Nov;5(11):101158.
PMID: 37734661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.101158

BACKGROUND: Induction of labor in women with 1 previous cesarean delivery and unripe cervices is a high-risk process, carrying an increased risk of uterine rupture and the need for cesarean delivery. Balloon ripening is often chosen as prostaglandin use is associated with an appreciable risk of uterine rupture in vaginal birth after cesarean delivery. A shorter duration of placement of the balloon typically expedites delivery; however, this has not been evaluated in induction of labor after 1 previous cesarean delivery.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare Foley balloon catheter placement for 6 vs 12 hours in induction of labor after 1 previous cesarean delivery.
STUDY DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in a university hospital in Malaysia from January 2022 to February 2023. Eligible women with 1 previous cesarean delivery admitted for induction of labor were enrolled. Participants were randomized after balloon catheter insertion for 6 or 12 hours of passive ripening before balloon deflation and removal to check cervical status for amniotomy. The primary outcome was the induction of labor to delivery interval. The secondary outcomes were largely derived from the core outcome set for trials on induction of labor (Core Outcomes in Women's and Newborn Health [CROWN]). The Student t test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, and Fisher exact test were used as appropriate for the data.
RESULTS: Overall, 126 women were randomized, 63 to each intervention. The mean induction of labor to delivery intervals were 23.0 (standard deviation, ±8.9) in the 6-hour arm and 26.6 (standard deviation, ±7.1) in the 12-hour arm (mean difference, -3.5 hours; 95% confidence interval, -6.4 to -0.7; P=.02). The median induction of labor (Foley balloon catheter insertion) to Foley balloon catheter removal intervals were 6.0 hours (interquartile range, 6.0-6.3) in the 6-hour arm and 12.0 hours (interquartile range, 12.0-12.5) in the 12-hour arm (P

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
Some enzyme polymorphisms in Malaysian mothers and their newborn

Yip MY, Dhaliwal SS, Yong HS

Hum. Hered., 1979;29(1):5-9.
PMID: 761922

Four red cell enzyme systems were studied in Malaysian mothers and their newborn belonging to three racial groups, the Malays, Indians and Chinese. No significant heterogeneity was observed in the distribution of phosphoglucomutase (PGM1), adenosine deaminase (ADA), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) and acid phosphatase (AP) phenotypes between mothers and their newborn of the three groups. Pooled mother and child acid phosphatase data show a significant heterogeneity between the Malays and Chinese, and between the Malays and Indians. This is comparable to previous studies conducted. For the placental phosphoglucomutase (PGM3) system, a significant heterogeneity was observed between the Chinese and Malays only. No significant heterogeneity was detected in the distribution of PGM1, ADA and 6PGD phenotypes among Malays, Chinese and Indians.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
Nursing practice environment, resilience, and intention to leave among critical care nurses

Ying LY, Ramoo V, Ling LW, Nahasaram ST, Lei CP, Leong LK, et al.

Nurs Crit Care, 2021 11;26(6):432-440.
PMID: 32929840 DOI: 10.1111/nicc.12551

BACKGROUND: Retaining experienced critical care nurses (CCNs) remains a challenge for health care organizations. Nursing practice environment and resilience are both seen as modifiable factors in ameliorating the impact on CCNs' intention to leave and have not yet been explored in Malaysia.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the association between perceived nursing practice environment, resilience, and intention to leave among CCNs and to determine the effect of resilience on intention to leave after controlling for other independent variables.
DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional survey.
METHODS: The universal sampling method was used to recruit nurses from adult and paediatric (including neonatal) critical care units of a large public university hospital in Malaysia. Descriptive analysis and χ2 and hierarchical logistic regression tests were used to analyse the data.
RESULTS: A total of 229 CCNs completed the self-administrated questionnaire. Of the nurses, 76.4% perceived their practice environment as being favourable, 54.1% were moderately resilient, and only 20% were intending to leave. The logistic regression model explained 13.1% of variance in intention to leave and suggested that being single, an unfavourable practice environment, and increasing resilience were significant predictors of nurses' intention to leave.
CONCLUSION: This study found that an unfavourable practice environment is a strong predictor of intention to leave; however, further exploration is needed to explain the higher likelihood of expressing intention to leave among CCNs when their resilience level increases.
RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Looking into staff allocation and equality of workload assignments may improve the perception of the work environment and help minimize intention to leave among nurses.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
Fulltext A rare cause of respiratory distress in neonates – congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis

Yeong, Lee-chian, Veno Rajendran, Che Zubaidah Che Daud, Hung, Liang-choo

Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2016;22(101):0-0.
MyJurnal

Neonates are obligate nasal breather until they are at least two to five months old. Congenital nasal airway obstruction is one of the commonest causes of respiratory problem in newborn. Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis (CNPAS) was first described by Brown et al in 1989 [1] and is a rare cause of nasal airway obstruction which may clinically mimic choanal atresia.(Copied from article)

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
Evaluating the quality of antenatal care and pregnancy outcomes using content and utilization assessment

Yeoh PL, Hornetz K, Shauki NIA, Dahlui M

Int J Qual Health Care, 2018 Jul 01;30(6):466-471.
PMID: 29590356 DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzy041

Objective: To assess the adequacy of antenatal care (ANC) and its association with pregnancy outcomes using an approach that includes adequacy of both utilization and content.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting and Participants: Women attending ANC at public-funded primary health clinics where data were extracted from individual records.

Methods: Adequacy of utilization assessment was based on the concept of Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization index; adequacy of content assessed the recommended routine care received by the women according to local guidelines. Association between adequacy and pregnancy outcomes was examined using binary logistic regression.

Main Outcome Measures: Pregnancy outcomes included preterm birth and low birth weight.

Results: Sixty-three percent of women showed higher than recommended ANC utilization; 52% had <80% of recommended routine care content. Although not statistically significant, the odds of preterm birth was lower among women with adequate level of utilization compared with inadequate (adjusted odds ratios (aOR) = 2.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45-12.16) and intensive levels (aOR = 3.27, 95% CI 0.73-14.60). Regarding adequacy of content, women who received inadequate level of care content were associated with higher prevalence of preterm birth (aOR = 3.69, 95% CI 1.60-8.55).

Conclusion: The study shows inadequate content is associated with higher prevalence of preterm birth and suggests that inadequate utilization increases the risk of preterm birth. It demonstrates the relevance of using both utilization and content assessment in evaluating quality of ANC. Further studies are encouraged to review the methods used.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
Fulltext Minimal residual disease-guided treatment deintensification for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the Malaysia-Singapore acute lymphoblastic leukemia 2003 study

Yeoh AE, Ariffin H, Chai EL, Kwok CS, Chan YH, Ponnudurai K, et al.

J Clin Oncol, 2012 Jul 1;30(19):2384-92.
PMID: 22614971 DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2011.40.5936

PURPOSE: To improve treatment outcome for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), we designed the Malaysia-Singapore ALL 2003 study with treatment stratification based on presenting clinical and genetic features and minimal residual disease (MRD) levels measured by polymerase chain reaction targeting a single antigen-receptor gene rearrangement.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Five hundred fifty-six patients received risk-adapted therapy with a modified Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster-ALL treatment. High-risk ALL was defined by MRD ≥ 1 × 10(-3) at week 12 and/or poor prednisolone response, BCR-ABL1, MLL gene rearrangements, hypodiploid less than 45 chromosomes, or induction failure; standard-risk ALL was defined by MRD ≤ 1 × 10(-4) at weeks 5 and 12 and no extramedullary involvement or high-risk features. Intermediate-risk ALL included all remaining patients.
RESULTS: Patients who lacked high-risk presenting features (85.7%) received remission induction therapy with dexamethasone, vincristine, and asparaginase, without anthracyclines. Six-year event-free survival (EFS) was 80.6% ± 3.5%; overall survival was 88.4% ± 3.1%. Standard-risk patients (n = 172; 31%) received significantly deintensified subsequent therapy without compromising EFS (93.2% ± 4.1%). High-risk patients (n = 101; 18%) had the worst EFS (51.8% ± 10%); EFS was 83.6% ± 4.9% in intermediate-risk patients (n = 283; 51%).
CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate significant progress over previous trials in the region. Three-drug remission-induction therapy combined with MRD-based risk stratification to identify poor responders is an effective strategy for childhood ALL.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn

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