Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 1765 in total

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  1. Shinkafi SH, Umar S, Neela VK, Noordin SM, Noordin SA, Hudu SA, et al.
    Afr Health Sci, 2019 Sep;19(3):2378-2389.
    PMID: 32127808 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v19i3.11
    Background: The term early onset neonatal septicaemia (EONS) refers to invasive bacterial infections that primarily involve the blood stream of neonates during the first 3 days of life. Although early onset neonatal septicaemia is relatively uncommon, it may be associated with case fatality rates of 15-30% and substantial morbidity in surviving infants.

    Objectives: This study describes an unusual septicaemia cases with Janthinobacterium lividum in neonatal Intensive Care Units.

    Methods: Bacterial causes of early onset neonatal sepsis in Kuala Lumpur Hospital Malaysia were investigated using broad range 16S rDNA PCR and sequencing. The bacterial DNA was isolated directly from blood without pre-incubation. All samples collected were equally cultured and incubated in automated BACTEC system.

    Results: Two hundred and fifty two neonates were recruited in this study with mean (SD) gestational age of 35.9. Neonates with J. lividum infection lacked microbiological evidence of septicaemia as their blood culture yielded no bacterial growth. However, the PCR analysis of these samples yielded 1100bp corresponding to bacteria species.

    Conclusion: This study demonstrates the value of PCR in detecting bacteria where special growth requirement is involved.

    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  2. Abd Hamid IJ, Azman NA, Gennery AR, Mangantig E, Hashim IF, Zainudeen ZT
    Front Immunol, 2020;11:1923.
    PMID: 32983118 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01923
    Introduction: Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are under-reported in Malaysia. The actual disease frequency of PID in this country is unknown due to the absence of a national patient registry for PID. Objective: This systematic review aimed to determine the prevalence rates of PID cases diagnosed and published in Malaysia from 1st of January 1979 until 1st of March 2020. It also aimed to describe the various types of PIDs reported in Malaysia. Method: Following the development of a comprehensive search strategy, all published literature of PID cases from Malaysia was identified and collated. All cases that fulfilled the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) classification diagnosis were included in the systematic review. Data were retrieved and collated into a proforma. Results: A total of 4,838 articles were identified and screened, with 34 publications and 119 patients fulfilling the criteria and being included in the systematic review. The prevalence rate was 0.37 per 100,000 population. In accordance with the IUIS, the distribution of diagnostic classifications was immunodeficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunities (36 patients, 30.3%), combined immunodeficiencies with associated or syndromic features (21 patients, 17.6%), predominant antibody deficiencies (24 patients, 20.2%), diseases of immune dysregulation (13 patients, 10.9%), congenital defects in phagocyte number or function (20 patients, 16.8%), defects in intrinsic and innate immunity (4 patients, 3.4%), and autoinflammatory disorders (1 patient, 0.8%). Parental consanguinity was 2.5%. Thirteen different gene mutations were available in 21.8% of the cases. Conclusion: PIDs are underdiagnosed and under-reported in Malaysia. Developing PID healthcare and a national patient registry is much needed to enhance the outcome of PID patient care.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  3. Nik Azis NM, Zainol Abidin K
    MyJurnal
    Our study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practice behaviours of primary healthcare professionals in government Maternal and Child Healthcare Clinics (MCHC) on the association between oral health and pregnancy outcomes namely pre-term and/or low birth weight (PT/LBW) infants and to identify the barriers of utilisation of oral healthcare services by pregnant mothers. Questionnaires were distributed to government healthcare professionals working at all seven government MCHC in the Manjung District, Malaysia. 136 out of 158 questionnaires were returned completed yielding a 92% response rate. The questionnaire covers respondents characteristics, attitude and practice behaviours related to oral health and barriers faced when referring pregnant mothers to the dental clinic. 65% of respondents noticed dental/ gum problems in the pregnant mothers that they encountered. The two most frequent response for outcome of delivery linked to gum/ dental problems were premature delivery (49%) responses and low birth weight (27%). Although 95% of the respondents believed that regular dental check-ups is compulsory for pregnant mothers, only 69% regularly refer pregnant mothers for dental check-ups. There was a significance between healthcare professionals that receive continuing dental education and their referrals of antenatal mothers for dental check-ups .
    Study site: Maternal and Child Health Clinics (Klinik Kesihatan), Manjung District, Perak, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  4. Saraswathy TS, Rozainanee MZ, Asshikin RN, Zainah S
    PMID: 24050074
    Rubella infection in pregnant women during the first trimester of pregnancy can lead to fetal anomalies, commonly known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). The objective of our study was to analyze the serological test results among infants suspected of having CRS aged < or = 12 months compared with their clinical status. Between January 2002 and December 2011, 3,279 serum samples from infants aged < or = 12 months from government hospitals in Malaysia were examined for rubella specific IgM and IgG antibodies using a Axsym, automated analyzer (Abbott Laboratories). Forty-eight samples were positive for rubella specific IgM antibodies and 494 samples were positive for rubella specific IgG antibodies. These were then age stratified and their clinical history reviewed for any CRS symptoms. Fifteen of 38 rubella IgM positive infants (39.5%) aged < 3 months, had a clinical appearance compatible with CRS. However, only 1 IgM positive infant aged 3 to 6 months and one infant aged 7 to 11 months had clinical appearance compatible with CRS. The most common abnormal findings in these cases were congenital heart defects and cataracts. Forty-eight point eight percent of IgM positive cases and 53.1% of IgG positive cases, had inadequate information in the chart to determine the presence of CRS. Clinical findings and timely laboratory diagnosis to determine the presence of CRS are important in infants born with congenital defects. Physicians should also be aware of the appropriate interpretation of these findings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  5. Noraihan Mohd. Nordin, Sharda, Priya, Zainab Shamsuddin
    MyJurnal
    Objectives: The objectives of this study were to ascertain the prevalence of Indonesians obstetrics immigrant and to assess the fetal maternal outcome. Methodology: A prospective cohort study design was used to analyse 54 consecutive Indonesians obstetrics immigrant compared to 56 Malay women. Chi square and student t test were used where appropriate, p < 0.05 was considered to be of statistical significance. Results: There was a reducing trend in the incidence admission of Indonesians from 10.5 in 1999 to 6.5 % in 2002. The maternal mortality ratio showed an increasing trend from 1999 (40.0/100000) to 2001 (162.9/100000) but decreased to 5.8/100000 in 2002. The majority was between 20-40 years old, multiparous and booked, which was similar to the Malay population. Most Malays were in occupational class 1 to 3 and the husband has secondary and tertiary education compared to the Indonesians who were in class 4 and 5 and the husband has primary and no formal education. Significantly more immigrants were housewives compared to Malays who were working women. There was no significant difference in the antenatal complications. There were no significant difference in terms of delivery and most delivered vaginally. The perinatal outcome in terms of gestation, birth weight, Apgar score and admission to neonatal ICU were similar in both populations and there was no perinatal mortality. In conclusion, the incidence admission of Indonesian immigrant was on the decreasing trend. The outcome of these patients managed in MHKL was similar to the Malay population. Further studies with enrollment of a larger number of patients should be carried out to ascertain the significance of these findings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  6. Ramesh KN, Vidyadaran MK, Goh YM, Nasaruddin AA, Jammal ABE, Zainab S
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Aug;60(3):305-10.
    PMID: 16379184
    A study was undertaken to 1) determine the effects of tobacco smoke exposure on maternal and neonatal weight and body mass index (BMI) and placental weight, volume and surface area and 2) establish any correlations between the placental surface area, volume and weight with maternal and neonatal body weight and BMI in mothers exposed to cigarette smoke. A total of 154 full-term placentae, 65 from mothers exposed to tobacco smoke and 89 from non-exposed mothers were collected from Kuala Lumpur Maternity Hospital. The placental surface area was determined using a stereological grid, the volume by Scherle's method and the weight by using an electronic weighing machine. In general there were no differences in maternal, placental and neonatal parameters between the exposed and non-exposed groups. However, there were significant correlations between placental weight with maternal weight and maternal BMI in both exposed (r = 0.315; p = 0.013) and (r = 0.265; p = 0.038), and non-exposed (r = 0.224; p = 0.035) and (r = 0.241; p = 0.023) mothers. It was also found that the maternal weight on admission correlated significantly with placental weight in both Malay (r = 0.405; p = 0.020) and Indian (r = 0.553; p = 0.050) passive smokers. Correcting the placental parameters for the maternal weight had no effect on the results.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  7. Balkis, A.K., Zahari, C.D.
    MyJurnal
    National Antenatal HIV Screening Programme has been integrated as a routine screening in antenatal care in early 1998 and in Terengganu since May 1998 involving all health centers in the state. As of December 2001, a total number of 57,882 antenatal mothers were screened (97.5% of all new antenatal mothers). The HIV prevalence rate among antenatal mothers was found to be 0.052%. All HIV positive mothers were married and majority were Malays (93 .3%). Ninety percents of them revealed that the only risk factorfor HIV was through sexual contact. HIV positive status was confirmed in 66 .7% ofthe husbands. All twenty eight mothers that managed to be followed up delivered to live birth babies. All newborns reported to have good Apgar score (9 at 5 minutes of life). Mean birth weight was 3 .08 kilograms 1- 0.45 and only 8% were premature babies. The observed rate of HIV vertical transmission was 6.25% and this is lower than the expected mother to child transmission rate of 30% without intervention.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  8. Yeap BH, Zahari Z
    Pediatr Surg Int, 2010 Feb;26(2):207-12.
    PMID: 19943053 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-009-2523-7
    Neonatal neoplasms are rare tumours notorious for their atypical presentation and unpredictable behaviour. Their optimal treatment remains uncertain, a dilemma compounded by the deleterious effects of adjuvant chemo- or radiotherapy during this vulnerable period of growth. This paper examined the relatively high incidence of these tumours and its impact on paediatric surgery in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  9. Mat Bah MN, Sapian MH, Jamil MT, Abdullah N, Alias EY, Zahari N
    Congenit Heart Dis, 2018 Nov;13(6):1012-1027.
    PMID: 30289622 DOI: 10.1111/chd.12672
    OBJECTIVES: There is limited data on congenital heart disease (CHD) from the lower- and middle-income country. We aim to study the epidemiology of CHD with the specific objective to estimate the birth prevalence, severity, and its trend over time.

    DESIGN: A population-based study with data retrieved from the Pediatric Cardiology Clinical Information System, a clinical registry of acquired and congenital heart disease for children.

    SETTING: State of Johor, Malaysia.

    PATIENTS: All children (0-12 years of age) born in the state of Johor between January 2006 and December 2015.

    INTERVENTION: None.

    OUTCOME MEASURE: The birth prevalence, severity, and temporal trend over time.

    RESULTS: There were 531,904 live births during the study period with 3557 new cases of CHD detected. Therefore, the birth prevalence of CHD was 6.7 per 1000 live births (LB) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.5-6.9). Of these, 38% were severe, 15% moderate, and 47% mild lesions. Hence, the birth prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe CHD was 3.2 (95% CI: 3.0-3.3), 0.9 (95% CI: 0.9- 1.1), and 2.6 (95% CI: 2.4-2.7) per 1000 LB, respectively. There was a significant increase in the birth prevalence of CHD, from 5.1/1000 LB in 2006 to 7.8/1000 LB in 2015 (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  10. Ram, S.P., Zabidi Azhar M Hussin
    MyJurnal
    Two active interventions were carried out in order to encourage breast feeding of low birth weight (LBW) neonates who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), Universiti Sains Malaysia. These were the establishment of (a) an effective transport system for conveying expressed breast milk (EBM) from the motherk home to the neonatal intensive care unit and (b) providing rooming-infacilities in the neonatal ward. The EBM was transported by a male health assistant, by the parents themselves or by the local bus company. A total of 473 babies were admitted from April 1994 to September 1995. Thirty-three babies weighed between 540-1000g and 440 were between 1001-2000g. A total of 226 (47.8%) babies were given mixed formula (less than 20% of daily needs) and EBM feeds (Group A) and 247 (52.2%) were given only formula feeds (Group B). A total of 79 babies died of which 5 were in Group A and 74 were in group B. (P value is 0.00). In Group A, 45 babies had clinical sepsis, 9 of whom were blood culture positive. Four of these babies died. In group B, out of 108 babies with clinical sepsis 36 were blood culture positive. 29 died because of the sepsis This study shows that by providing an effective transport system for breast milk expressed at home and the availability of roomingfacilities in the neonatal ward a significant number of LBW babies admitted to the NICU continue to receive their mothers' milk. The incidence of nosocomial sepsis and the over all mortality due to sepsis was significantly higher in those on full formulafeeding compared to those given mixed formula and expressed breast milk.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  11. Sahak R, Mansor W, Lee YK, Yassin AM, Zabidi A
    PMID: 21097359 DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2010.5628084
    Combined Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to recognize the infant cries with asphyxia. SVM classifier based on features selected by the PCA was trained to differentiate between pathological and healthy cries. The PCA was applied to reduce dimensionality of the vectors that serve as inputs to the SVM. The performance of the SVM utilizing linear and RBF kernel was examined. Experimental results showed that SVM with RBF kernel yields good performance. The classification accuracy in classifying infant cry with asphyxia using the SVM-PCA is 95.86%.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  12. Chen BC, Ngu LH, Zabedah MY
    Malays J Pathol, 2010 Dec;32(2):87-95.
    PMID: 21329179 MyJurnal
    Argininosuccinic aciduria is an inborn error of the urea cycle caused by deficiency of argininosuccinate lyase (ASL). ASL-deficient patients present with progressive intoxication due to accumulation of ammonia in the body. Early diagnosis and treatment of hyperammonemia are necessary to improve survival and prevent long-term handicap. Two clinical phenotypes have been recognized--neonatal acute and milder late-onset form. We investigated patients with hyperammonemia by a stepwise approach in which quantitative amino acids analysis was the core diagnostic procedure. Here, we describe the clinical phenotypes and biochemical characteristics in diagnosing this group of patients. We have identified 13 patients with argininosuccinic aciduria from 2003 till 2009. Ten patients who presented with acute neonatal hyperammonemic encephalopathy had markedly elevated blood ammonia (> 430 micromol/L) within the first few days of life. Three patients with late-onset disease had more subtle clinical presentations and they developed hyperammonemia only during the acute catabolic state at two to twelve months of age. Their blood ammonia was mild to moderately elevated (> 75-265 micromol/L). The diagnosis was confirmed by detection of excessive levels of argininosuccinate in the urine and/or plasma. They also have moderately increased levels of citrulline and, low levels of arginine and ornithine in their plasma. Two patients succumbed to the disease. To date, eleven patients remained well on a dietary protein restriction, oral ammonia scavenging drugs and arginine supplementation. The majority of them have a reasonable good neurological outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  13. Cheung TP, Van Rostenberghe H, Ismail R, Nawawi NN, Abdullah NA, Ramli N, et al.
    Gene, 2015 Dec 1;573(2):198-204.
    PMID: 26188155 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.07.045
    Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) encoded by the nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3 (NR1I3) gene regulates the elimination of bilirubin through activating the components of the bilirubin clearance pathway. Hence, NR1I3 genetic variants may affect bilirubin metabolism and result in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Thus far, research which investigates the association between NR1I3 variants and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia has not been undertaken in any population. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of MPJ6_1I3008 (rs10157822), IVS8+116T>G (rs4073054) and 540A>G (rs2307424) on neonatal hyperbilirubinemia development in the Malay population. Buccal swabs were collected from 232 hyperbilirubinemia and 277 control term newborns with gestational age ≥37weeks and birth weight ≥2500g. The NR1I3 variants were genotyped by using high resolution melting (HRM) assays and verified by DNA sequencing. Gender, mode of delivery and birth weight did not differ between hyperbilirubinemia and control groups. The genotypic and allelic frequencies of MPJ6_1I3008, IVS8+116T>G and 540A>G were not significantly different between the groups. However, stratification by gender revealed a significant inverse association between homozygous variant genotype of MPJ6_1I3008 and risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in the females (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.20-0.95; p=0.034). This study demonstrates that the homozygous variant genotype of MPJ6_1I3008 was associated with a significant reduced risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in the females.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  14. Lavinya AA, Razali RA, Razak MA, Mohamed R, Moses EJ, Soundararajan M, et al.
    Haematologica, 2021 06 01;106(6):1758-1761.
    PMID: 33179475 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.268581
    Not available.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  15. Raman S, Urquhart R, Yusof M
    Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 1992 Aug;32(3):196-9.
    PMID: 1445124
    A prospective study was carried out on 50 patients who had their fetal weight estimated by 3 clinicians of different seniority and compared to the ultrasound estimated fetal weights using 3 different formulas. All the patients delivered within 24 hours of their clinical and ultrasound estimates. A wide range of birth-weights (1,800-4,500 g) was estimated among the 3 different races (Malay, Chinese and Indians). The results showed that there was no significant difference in birth-weight estimation amongst the 3 clinicians as well as between the 3 ultrasound formulas used. There was however significant difference between these 2 groups when compared with the actual birthweight with clinical estimation being superior to ultrasound estimation in our population. This level of significance did not extend beyond 4,000 g fetal weight (actual) thus making both clinical and ultrasound estimation of fetal weight equally accurate after 4,000 g. This has important implications for developing countries where there is a lack of technologically advanced ultrasound machines capable of doing sophisticated functions like fetal weight estimations but has experienced clinicians who could perform this function equally well if not better.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  16. Zulkifli SN, Yusof K
    Med J Malaysia, 1985 Jun;40(2):62-79.
    PMID: 3834289
    A 70 million population for Malaysia by the year 2010 has been officially targetted for in the Mid-Term Review of the Fourth Malaysia Plan, 1981-1985. In response to this, a preliminary investigation was undertaken into the health aspects of population growth. For this exercise, infant mortality rate was used as the health indicator. From trends seen vis-a-vis population growth, it appears that thus far, population growth has not been associated negatively with health (as measured by IMR). In recognition of the relevance of the medical, economic and education factors to health, trends in Malaysia's population ratio, per capita GNP and rates of school enrolment were also drawn; the selection of these as proxies being based on completeness of time-serial records. Although statistical regressions established the high correlation between medical doctors.population ratio and school enrolment rate with IMR, the limitations in this analysis did not permit any reliable inferences. In view of the difficulties in projections of trends, a comparison of health and related variables was carried out for several countries with high populations as near to 70 million as were available. The characteristics associated with low mortality and high life expectancy (health indices) were identified as low population growth, high literacy and high per capita GNP; this being stated with explicit qualifications. Other determinants of health were also discussed in brief, and the need for careful planning in the distribution of human and material resources was noted.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  17. Low WY, Yusof K
    Child Welfare, 1991 Mar-Apr;70(2):293-302.
    PMID: 2036882
    With 25% of its population living in over 148 squatter settlements, with a high incidence of communicable diseases, teenage pregnancies, and psychological and familial stress, the city of Kuala Lumpur has sought ways to improve conditions. This article describes one particularly promising approach: community-based centers integrating three socioeconomic components--preschool education, maternal and child health clinics, and income-generating activities.
    PIP: The accomplishments of the Sang Kancil Intervention program, a project designed to improve the living conditions of squatter communities in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia are described. 25% of Kuala Lumpur's population lives in 148 squatter settlements, where life is especially difficult for women and children. Hoping to improve the living conditions of the urban poor, Kuala Lumpur's City hall initiated the Sang Kancil Intervention program. This program contains 3 components: preschool education, maternal and child health, and income generation. The preschool component provides education, food supplements, and medical checkups and treatment to children in the squatter settlements. In order to foster community participation, the teachers of the preschool program are chosen from among the squatter community, and mothers are encouraged to become involved. Evaluations of the preschools reveal positive attitudes from mothers and teachers, high attendance rates, and higher IQ test scores among children attending the preschool than among children not in the program. Sang Kancil has also provided maternal and health services to the squatter communities. Once a week, nurse practitioners set up a clinic providing the following services: immunization, prenatal and postnatal care, health education, nutrition, family planning, and treatment of minor illnesses. Sang Kancil's income-generation program seeks to raise the living standards of poor families by creating employment opportunities for women. Sang Kancil has established companies staffed, owned, and managed entirely by women. Among other things, these companies manufacture toys, batik items, and ceramics. The success of the companies has pushed shareholders above the poverty line.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  18. Zulkifli SN, Yusof K
    Med J Malaysia, 1986 Dec;41(4):292-9.
    PMID: 3670150
    This paper describes the findings of a survey on perinatal cases in Kuala Lumpur. Information on the deceased infants and their deliveries were documented as well as selected social, demographic and anthropometric data on the mothers. This includes quality of the home environment in terms of presence of basic amenities. It was evident that the lower classes were better represented in the sample.
    This paper also highlights a major problem in retrospective studies, that of successfully tracing eligible respondents. There were also cases of non-cooperation. Another problem which emerged, and one common to many developing countries, was the incompleteness of birth weight records.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  19. Thong MK, Yunus ZM
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 2008 Dec;37(12 Suppl):66-5.
    PMID: 19904455
    Issues pertaining to the diagnosis and management of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) in Malaysia included low awareness of atypical and variable presentations in IEMs leading to delayed diagnosis or treatment, absence of reliable population data on IEMs and involvement of multiple siblings in the same family due to consanguinity. The importance of careful family history taking and genetic counselling are emphasised. Selected testing of ill infants and children for IEM yielded a positive 2% (264/13,500) results for IEMs in Malaysia. Out of the 264 patients, the spectrum of IEMs in Malaysia included organic acidurias (98), aminoacidopathies (78), urea cycle defects (54), neurotransmitter conditions (12) and lysosomal disorders, mainly mucopolysaccharidosis (14). Confirmatory studies of IEMs are an important aspect of management of IEMs. There is a need for more metabolic specialists and funding for diagnosis and treatment of IEMs in Malaysia. Long-term care issues and cost-effectiveness of IEM therapy, supportive and preventive aspects will need further studies in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
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