Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 527 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Multivariate statistical analysis treatment of DSC thermal properties for animal fat adulteration
    Dahimi O, Rahim AA, Abdulkarim SM, Hassan MS, Hashari SB, Mashitoh AS, et al.
    Food Chem, 2014 Sep 1;158:132-8.
    PMID: 24731324 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.087
    The adulteration of edible fats is a kind of fraud that impairs the physical and chemical features of the original lipid materials. It has been detected in various food, pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical products. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is the robust thermo-analytical machine that permits to fingerprint the primary crystallisation of triacylglycerols (TAGs) molecules and their transition behaviours. The aims of this study was to assess the cross-contamination caused by lard concentration of 0.5-5% in the mixture systems containing beef tallow (BT) and chicken fat (CF) separately. TAGs species of pure and adulterated lipids in relation to their crystallisation and melting parameters were studied using principal components analysis (PCA). The results showed that by using the heating profiles the discrimination of LD from BT and CF was very clear even at low dose of less than 1%. Same observation was depicted from the crystallisation profiles of BT adulterated by LD doses ranging from 0.1% to 1% and from 2% to 5%, respectively. Furthermore, CF adulterated with LD did not exhibit clear changes on its crystallisation profiles. Consequently, DSC coupled with PCA is one of the techniques that might use to monitor and differentiate the minimum adulteration levels caused by LD in different animal fats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/chemistry*
  2. Effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. on serum lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Aziz Z, Wong SY, Chong NJ
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2013 Nov 25;150(2):442-50.
    PMID: 24120746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.042
    Prevention of cardiovascular disease by modifying its major risk factors, including serum cholesterol levels, is an important strategy. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. has been promoted for reducing cholesterol levels, but its reported impact on cholesterol levels has been inconsistent. The study aimed to assess systematically the evidence and quality of current research on the effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. on blood lipids and its adverse effects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/blood*
  3. Quantitative analysis of virgin coconut oil in cream cosmetics preparations using fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
    Rohman A, Man YC, Sismindari
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2009 Oct;22(4):415-20.
    PMID: 19783522
    Today, virgin coconut oil (VCO) is becoming valuable oil and is receiving an attractive topic for researchers because of its several biological activities. In cosmetics industry, VCO is excellent material which functions as a skin moisturizer and softener. Therefore, it is important to develop a quantitative analytical method offering a fast and reliable technique. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with sample handling technique of attenuated total reflectance (ATR) can be successfully used to analyze VCO quantitatively in cream cosmetic preparations. A multivariate analysis using calibration of partial least square (PLS) model revealed the good relationship between actual value and FTIR-predicted value of VCO with coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.998.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/chemistry
  4. Attainment of goal and normalized lipid levels with lipid-modifying therapy in Malaysia
    Hsu TY, Chirovsky D, Moy FM, Ambegaonkar BM
    Clin Ther, 2013 Apr;35(4):450-60.
    PMID: 23481458 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.02.004
    Although LDL-C is the primary lipid target for coronary heart disease (CHD) risk reduction, HDL-C and triglycerides (TG) have also emerged as CHD risk factors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/blood*
  5. Optimal hydration status for cryopreservation of intermediate oily seeds: Citrus as a case study
    Hor YL, Kim YJ, Ugap A, Chabrillange N, Sinniah UR, Engelmann F, et al.
    Ann Bot, 2005 Jun;95(7):1153-61.
    PMID: 15781438
    The purpose of this study was to investigate the basis of the optimal hydration status for cryopreservation of intermediate oily seeds using Citrus as a model.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/physiology*
  6. Lipid and fatty acid contents in red tides from tropical fish ponds of the coastal water of South China Sea
    Shamsudin L
    Arch Physiol Biochem, 1996;104(1):36-42.
    PMID: 8724878
    Microplanktonic red tide blooms (dominated by dinoflagellates) were observed in brackish water fish ponds of Terengganu between March 1992 to January 1993. The first short-lived bloom (2-3 days) occurred in October 1992 while the second long-lived bloom (6-7 days) occurred in January 1993. The dominant dinoflagellate species comprised of Peridinium quinquecorne (> 90% total cell count) with considerable proportion of Protoperidinium excentricum. Ciliophora consisting of Tintinopsis sp. and Favella sp. were also present during the bloom period. The total ash, chlorophyll, phaeopigment, lipid and fatty acid content of the microplankton were studied. Considerable amounts (6-11% of the total fatty acid) of the polyunsaturated fatty acid 18:3w3 (linolenic acid) were present in the microplankton. However, high amounts of 20:5w3 (eicosapentanoic acid) and 22:6w3 (docosahexaenoic acid) were present with variable but usually high amounts of 22:4w6 and 22:5w6 acids. The latter microplankton bloom contained higher amounts of 20:5w3 and 22:6w3 acids than the earlier bloom. Lipid content were three to five times higher than chlorophyll a. There was an increase with successive day after bloom outbreak in the relative proportion of total C18, C20, and C22 fatty acid components. The algae microplankton contained the w3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) probably needed for the growth and survival rate of grazing pond animals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/analysis*
  7. Fulltext Racial differences in the fasting lipid profile of healthy Malaysians
    Zaraihan S, Azman AB, Tariq AR
    Med J Malaysia, 1994 Dec;49(4):355-63.
    PMID: 7674971
    The fasting lipid profile of a sample of Malays, Chinese and Indians in Peninsular Malaysia was studied to see whether these might explain differences in the rate of coronary heart disease mortality amongst the three ethnic groups. Fifty healthy subjects were studied from each of the three groups. They were matched for age, body mass index, gender and smoking habits, if any. The total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio were found to be statistically higher in the Indians than in the Malays and the Chinese. The differences between the Indians and the Chinese were statistically more significant than the differences between the Indians and the Malays. Our findings may partially explain the higher predisposition of the Indian community in Malaysia to CHD mortality and are consistent with those of other studies performed on Indian communities living outside the Indian subcontinent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/blood*
  8. Cycloproprene fatty acids in Gnetum gnemon (L.) seeds and leaves
    Berry SK
    J Sci Food Agric, 1980 Jul;31(7):657-62.
    PMID: 6779057
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/analysis
  9. Fulltext Effects of Lipid Solid Mass Fraction and Non-Lipid Solids on Crystallization Behaviors of Model Fats under High Pressure
    Zulkurnain M, Balasubramaniam VM, Maleky F
    Molecules, 2019 Aug 06;24(15).
    PMID: 31390764 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152853
    Different fractions of fully hydrogenated soybean oil (FHSBO) in soybean oil (10-30% w/w) and the addition of 1% salt (sodium chloride) were used to investigate the effect of high-pressure treatments (HP) on the crystallization behaviors and physical properties of the binary mixtures. Sample microstructure, solid fat content (SFC), thermal and rheological properties were analyzed and compared against a control sample (crystallized under atmospheric condition). The crystallization temperature (Ts) of all model fats under isobaric conditions increased quadratically with pressure until reaching a pressure threshold. As a result of this change, the sample induction time of crystallization (tc) shifted from a range of 2.74-0.82 min to 0.72-0.43 min when sample crystallized above the pressure threshold under adiabatic conditions. At the high solid mass fraction, the addition of salt reduced the pressure threshold to induce crystallization during adiabatic compression. An increase in pressure significantly reduced mean cluster diameter in relation to the reduction of tc regardless of the solid mass fraction. In contrast, the sample macrostructural properties (SFC, storage modulus) were influenced more significantly by solid mass fractions rather than pressure levels. The creation of lipid gel was observed in the HP samples at 10% FHSBO. The changes in crystallization behaviors indicated that high-pressure treatments were more likely to influence crystallization mechanisms at low solid mass fraction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/chemistry*
  10. Comparison of several lizard Leishmania species and strains in terms of kinetoplast minicircle and maxicircle DNA sequences, nuclear chromosomes, and membrane lipids
    Gomez-Eichelmann MC, Holz G, Beach D, Simpson AM, Simpson L
    Mol Biochem Parasitol, 1988 Jan 15;27(2-3):143-58.
    PMID: 3344003
    Eight strains of a lizard Leishmania species, L. tarentolae, were compared with four other saurian species [L. hoogstrali, L. adleri, L. agamae and Leishmania sp. LizS], with L. major from man and with Trypanosoma platydactyli, a putative lizard trypanosome, in terms of kinetoplast DNA minicircle and maxicircle sequences and in terms of nuclear chromosome patterns on orthogonal gel electrophoresis. The L. tarentolae strains fell into two major groups, one (group A) consisting of the L. tarentolae strains, UC, Krassner and Trager, derived from an Algerian gecko isolate and the other (group B) consisting of five L. tarentolae LEM strains isolated from geckos in southern France. T. platydactyli TPCL2, which was postulated by Wallbanks et al. to represent the lizard form of a French L. tarentolae strain, was closely related to the UC strain and not to the LEM strains, in all respects analyzed. Leishmania sp. LizS from a Mongolian gecko and L. hoogstrali from a Sudanese gecko showed some sequence similarities to the L. tarentolae strains, but the leishmanias said to be L. adleri from a Kenyan lacertid and L. agamae from an Israeli agamid showed no minicircle sequence similarities with lizard Leishmania and in fact were probably the same species. The maxicircle divergent region was larger in the group B strains than in the group A strains, but there were sequences in common with both groups, and not with L. hoogstrali and L. major. Four strains of L. tarentolae, the four other supposed saurian Leishmania species, three mammalian leishmanias, T. platydactyli and four other trypanosomes, T. cyclops (Malaysian macaque), T. conorrhini (Hawaiian reduviid bug), T. cruzi (man) and T. lewisi (feral rat) were analyzed for their contents of sterols and phosphoglyceride fatty acyl groups. T. platydactyli TPCL2 contained a sterol (5-dehydroepisterol), a phosphatidylcholine fatty acyl group (alpha-linolenic acid) and a phosphatidylethanolamine fatty acyl group (dihydrosterculic acid) characteristic of members of the genus Leishmania and not the genus Trypanosoma. The proportions of those lipids in the free sterol and phosphoglyceride fractions of T. platydactyli TPCL2 most closely resembled those seen in the Leishmania strains from Algerian, French, Mongolian and Sudanese geckos.
    Matched MeSH terms: Membrane Lipids/analysis
  11. Use of control analysis to study the regulation of plant lipid biosynthesis
    Ramli US, Baker DS, Quant PA, Harwood JL
    Biochem Soc Trans, 2002 Nov;30(Pt 6):1043-6.
    PMID: 12440968
    Control analysis is a powerful method to quantify the regulation of metabolic pathways. We have applied it to lipid biosynthesis for the first time by using model tissue culture systems from the important oil crops, olive ( Olea europaea L.) and oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). By the use of top-down control analysis, fatty acid biosynthesis has been shown to exert more control than lipid assembly under different experimental conditions. However, both parts of the lipid biosynthetic pathway are important, so that attempts to alter oil yield by manipulating the activity of a single enzyme step are very unlikely to produce significant increases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/biosynthesis*
  12. Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Correlation between Peptide-Lipid Interaction and Penetration Efficiency
    Her Choong F, Keat Yap B
    Chemphyschem, 2021 03 03;22(5):493-498.
    PMID: 33377300 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000873
    Cell-penetrating peptides are used in the delivery of peptides and biologics, with some cell-penetrating peptides found to be more efficient than others. The exact mechanism of how they interact with the cell membrane and penetrate it, however, remains unclear. This study attempts to investigate the difference in free energy profiles of three cell-penetrating peptides (TAT, CPP1 and CPP9) with a model lipid bilayer (DOPC) using molecular dynamics pulling simulations with umbrella sampling. Potential mean force (PMF) and free energy barrier between the peptides and DOPC are determined using WHAM analysis and MM-PBSA analysis, respectively. CPP9 is found to have the smallest PMF value, followed by CPP1 and TAT, consistent with the experimental data. YDEGE peptide, however, does not give the highest PMF value, although it is a non-cell-permeable peptide. YDEGE is also found to form water pores, alongside with TAT and CPP9, suggesting that it is difficult to distinguish true water pore formation from artefacts arising from pulling simulations. On the contrary, free energy analysis of the peptide-DOPC complex at the lipid-water interface with MM-PBSA provides results consistent with experimental data with CPP9 having the least interaction with DOPC and lowest free energy barrier, followed by CPP1, TAT and YDEGE. These findings suggest that peptide-lipid interaction at the lipid-water interface has a direct correlation with the penetration efficiency of peptides across the lipid bilayer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/chemistry
  13. Potential and future scope of nanoemulgel formulation for topical delivery of lipophilic drugs
    Sengupta P, Chatterjee B
    Int J Pharm, 2017 Jun 30;526(1-2):353-365.
    PMID: 28461261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.068
    The Nanoemulgel drug delivery system is a formulation related intervention to improve the systemic delivery and therapeutic profile of lipophilic drugs. Nanoemulgel is an amalgamated formulation of two different systems in which nanoemulsion containing drug is incorporated into a gel base. The fusion of the two systems makes this formulation advantageous in several ways. Lipophilic drugs can be easily incorporated and the skin permeability of the incorporated drugs can be enhanced in several folds due to the finely distributed droplets of nanoemulsion phase. As a result, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of the lipophilic drugs are improved significantly. An increasing trend in topical nanoemulgel use in recent years has been noticed because of the better acceptability of the preparation to the patients due to their noninvasive delivery, avoidance of gastrointestinal side effects, easier applicability and good therapeutic and safety profile. Despite of having few limitations, nanoemulgel formulation can be considered as a potential and promising candidates for topical delivery of lipophilic drugs in the future. The aim of this review is to evaluate and report the current potential and future scope of nanoemulgel formulation for becoming an effective delivery system for poorly water soluble drugs. In this review, we have summarized and discussed the outcome of different studies on permeability, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and safety profile of the drugs delivered topically through nanoemulgel. Rationality of use along with the major challenges to overcome for nanoemulgel formulation has been discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/chemistry
  14. Prediction and elucidation of factors affecting solubilisation of imatinib mesylate in lipids
    Siram K, Divakar S, Raghavan CV, Marslin G, Rahman H, Franklin G
    Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2019 Feb 01;174:443-450.
    PMID: 30497005 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.11.033
    The physico-chemical properties of lipids influencing the solubilisation of imatinib mesylate (IM) in lipid matrix were evaluated and a statistical model to predict the same has been derived in the present study. After experimental quantification of IM solubility in various lipids, Hansen Hildebrand's total solubility parameters were calculated in order to study the role of various forces connected to lipid-drug interaction. To develop a relationship between the various descriptors of the lipids and experimental solubility of IM in lipids (% w/w), quantitative structure-solubility relationship (QSSR) was used. To generate equations that can predict the solubility of IM in lipids (%w/w), multiple linear regression was used. Amongst the various lipids tested, glyceryl monostearate and behenic acid solubilised the highest (6.19 ± 0.22%) and lowest (0.01 ± 0.01%) amounts of IM respectively. Our results suggested that alkyl chain length, polarity of the lipids, index of cohesive interaction in solids, estimated number of hydrogen bonds that would be accepted by the solute from water molecules in an aqueous solution, estimated number of hydrogen bonds that would be donated by the solute to water molecules in an aqueous solution and solvent accessible surface area collectively play a significant role in solubilising IM in the lipids. The equation developed could predict the solubility of IM in lipids with good accuracy (R2pred = 0.912).
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/chemistry*
  15. Immobilized Talaromyces thermophilus lipase as an efficient catalyst for the production of LML-type structured lipids
    Lian W, Wang W, Tan CP, Wang J, Wang Y
    Bioprocess Biosyst Eng, 2019 Feb;42(2):321-329.
    PMID: 30421172 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-2036-7
    LML-type structured lipids are one type of medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols. LML was synthesized using immobilized Talaromyces thermophilus lipase (TTL)-catalyzed interesterification of tricaprylin and ethyl linoleate. The resin AB-8 was chosen, and the lipase/support ratio was determined to be 60 mg/g. Subsequently, the immobilized TTL with strict sn-1,3 regiospecificity was applied to synthesize LML. Under the optimized conditions (60 °C, reaction time 6 h, enzyme loading of 6% of the total weight of substrates, substrate of molar ratio of ethyl linoleate to tricaprylin of 6:1), Triacylglycerols with two long- and one medium-chain FAs (DL-TAG) content as high as 52.86 mol% was obtained. Scale-up reaction further verified the industrial potential of the established process. The final product contained 85.24 mol% DL-TAG of which 97 mol% was LML after purification. The final product obtained with the high LML content would have substantial potential to be used as functional oils.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/chemistry*
  16. Systematic review and meta-analyses of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) supplementation and blood lipid parameters in patients with diabetes mellitus
    Mohammad A, Falahi E, Barakatun-Nisak MY, Hanipah ZN, Redzwan SM, Yusof LM, et al.
    Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2021 05 31;15(4):102158.
    PMID: 34186370 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.05.031
    BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The studies have shown that α-tocopherol supplementation could improve lipid profile in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Nonetheless, the result remains inconsistent. Therefore, this meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy of α-tocopherol supplement on lipid parameters in DM patients.

    METHODS: We conducted an extensive search via Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to acquire the reported RCTs up to October 2020.

    RESULTS: The results showed no effects of α-tocopherol supplementation on lipid profile in DM patients except when used ≥12 weeks.

    CONCLUSIONS: α-tocopherol supplementation in DM patients had no significant effect on lipid profiles.

    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/blood*
  17. Fulltext Trifolium pratense ethanolic extract alters the gut microbiota composition and regulates serum lipid profile in the ovariectomized rats
    Quah Y, Park NH, Lee EB, Lee KJ, Yi-Le JC, Ali MS, et al.
    BMC Complement Med Ther, 2022 Jan 04;22(1):5.
    PMID: 34983484 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03486-w
    BACKGROUND: Trifolium pratense (red clover) ethanolic extract (TPEE) has been used as a popular over-the-counter remedy for the management of menopausal symptoms. Prolonged consumption of herbal extract has been shown to regulate the composition of gut microbiota. This study was designed to elucidate the influence of TPEE on the gut microbiota composition in the ovariectomized (OVX) rats.

    METHODS: OVX rats were treated with TPEE at 125, 250, 500 mg/kg/day, or controls (pomegranate extract, 500 mg/kg/day; estradiol, 25 μg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. Gut microbiota analysis was conducted by extracting the microbial DNA from fecal samples and microbiome taxonomic profiling was carried out by using next-generation sequencing. The levels of serum biomarkers were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The prediction of functional biomarker of microbiota was performed using PICRUSt to investigate the potential pathways associated with gut health and serum lipid profile regulation. To study the correlation between gut microbiota composition and serum lipid levels, Spearman's correlation coefficients were defined and analyzed. Additionally, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was conducted to uncover additional physiologically active ingredients.

    RESULTS: TPEE-treated OVX rats showed significant reduction in serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterols (TCHOL), and LDL/VLDL levels but increase in HDL level. The alteration in the pathways involve in metabolism was the most common among the other KEGG categories. Particularly, TPEE also significantly reduced the relative abundance of sequences read associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signalling pathway. TPEE intervention was seen to reduce the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio in the OVX rats, denoting a reduction in microbial dysbiosis in the OVX rats. Correlation analysis at the phylum level revealed that Bacteriodetes and Proteobacteria were strongly correlated with serum TG, TCHOL and HDL levels. At the species level, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum group was seen to positively correlate with serum HDL level and negatively correlated with serum AST, ALT, LDL/VLDL, TCHOL, and TG levels.

    CONCLUSIONS: TPEE treatment showed therapeutic benefits by improving the intestinal microbiota composition which strongly correlated with the serum lipid and cholesterol levels in the OVX rats.

    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/blood*
  18. Distribution and sources of lipid compound series in sediment cores of the southern South China Sea
    Tahir NM, Pang SY, Simoneit BR
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2015 May;22(10):7557-68.
    PMID: 25752627 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4184-5
    Three short sediment cores from inner continental shelf of the southern South China Sea (5-50 km) off Terengganu were analyzed for lipid contents (i.e., homologous aliphatic compounds and sterols) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The concentrations of the total aliphatic hydrocarbons (TAHs) ranged from 0.152 to 6.91 μg/g dry weight. The n-alkane distribution was from nC₁₃ to nC₃₆, with a carbon preference index (CPI₁₃₋₃₅) from 1.08 to 4.28 and a carbon number maximum (Cmax), depending on a sample, at 31 or 18. In addition, a strong odd-to-even carbon number predominance was observed in nC₂₅-nC₃₅ range. The distribution of the n-alkanoic acids and n-alkanols in all samples exhibited an even-to-odd carbon number predominance and ranged from C₁₀ to C₂₆ and from C₁₂ to C₃₄, respectively. The n-alkanols were dominated by the long-chain homologs with Cmax at 22; on the other hand, the n-alkanoic acid distributions showed a predominance of short-chain homologs with a Cmax at 16. The total sterol concentrations ranged from 0.41 to 3.57 μg/g dry weight. Cholesterol was most abundant at the offshore stations, whereas sitosterol was dominant at near-shore station. Pentacyclic triterpenoids such as friedelin and taraxerol α- and β-amyrins, which are known biomarkers for higher plants, were detected at all stations with a dilution trend offshore. In conclusion, the marine sediments off southern Terengganu can still be considered uncontaminated, where the compound sources are biogenic from terrestrial plants superimposed with a marine productivity input.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/chemistry*
  19. Fulltext Use of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and multiple cardiovascular risk factors: An Asian perspective and expert recommendations
    Deerochanawong C, Chan SP, Matawaran BJ, Sheu WH, Chan J, Man NH, et al.
    Diabetes Obes Metab, 2019 Nov;21(11):2354-2367.
    PMID: 31264765 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13819
    Diabetes mellitus in Asia accounts for more than half of the global prevalence. There is a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the region among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and it is often associated with multiple risk factors including hypertension, renal disease and obesity. The early onset of T2DM and the eventual long disease duration portends an increasing proportion of the population to premature CVD. In addition to lowering blood glucose, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors exert favourable effects on multiple risk factors (including blood pressure, body weight and renal function) and provide an opportunity to reduce the risk of CVD in patients with T2DM. In this article, we consolidated the existing literature on SGLT-2 inhibitor use in Asian patients with T2DM and established contemporary guidance for clinicians. We extensively reviewed recommendations from international and regional guidelines, published data from clinical trials in the Asian population (dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, empagliflozin, ipragliflozin, luseogliflozin and tofogliflozin), CVD outcomes trials (EMPAREG-OUTCOME, CANVAS and DECLARE-TIMI 58) and real-world evidence studies (CVD-REAL, EASEL, CVD-REAL 2 and OBSERVE-4D). A series of clinical recommendations on the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors in Asian patients with T2DM was deliberated among experts with multiple rounds of review and voting. Based on the available evidence, we conclude that SGLT-2 inhibitors represent an evidence-based therapeutic option for the primary prevention of heart failure hospitalization and secondary prevention of CVD in patients with T2DM, and should be considered early on in the treatment algorithm for patients with multiple risk factors, or those with established CVD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/blood
  20. Fulltext Comparison of two derivatization methods for the analysis of fatty acids and trans fatty acids in bakery products using gas chromatography
    Salimon J, Omar TA, Salih N
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:906407.
    PMID: 24719581 DOI: 10.1155/2014/906407
    Two different procedures for the methylation of fatty acids (FAs) and trans fatty acids (TFAs) in food fats were compared using gas chromatography (GC-FID). The base-catalyzed followed by an acid-catalyzed method (KOCH3/HCl) and the base-catalyzed followed by (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane (TMS-DM) method were used to prepare FA methyl esters (FAMEs) from lipids extracted from food products. In general, both methods were suitable for the determination of cis/trans FAs. The correlation coefficients (r) between the methods were relatively small (ranging from 0.86 to 0.99) and had a high level of agreement for the most abundant FAs. The significant differences (P = 0.05) can be observed for unsaturated FAs (UFAs), specifically for TFAs. The results from the KOCH3/HCl method showed the lowest recovery values (%R) and higher variation (from 84% to 112%), especially for UFAs. The TMS-DM method had higher R values, less variation (from 90% to 106%), and more balance between variation and %RSD values in intraday and interday measurements (less than 4% and 6%, resp.) than the KOCH3/HCl method, except for C12:0, C14:0, and C18:0. Nevertheless, the KOCH3/HCl method required shorter time and was less expensive than the TMS-DM method which is more convenient for an accurate and thorough analysis of rich cis/trans UFA samples.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/chemistry
Related Terms
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links