MyMedR

Larval growth of Liosarcophaga dux Thompson (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) under uncontrolled indoor temperatures in Malaysia

Kumara TK, Hassan AA, Salmah MR, Bhupinder S

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2013 Mar;44(2):182-7.

The larval growth of Liosarcophaga dux Thompson (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) was studied under varying indoor room temperatures in Malaysia. Five replicates were established. The immature growth of this species from first instar until adult emergence was 307.0+/-3.0 hours. The mean larval length measured for second instar, third instar, post-feeding stage and puparia were 6.5+/-0.5 mm (n=10), 11.8+/-3.7 mm (n=31), 12.7+/-0.8 mm (n=16), and 9.5+/-0.5 mm (n=15), respectively.

Matched MeSH terms: Pupa/growth & development

A new species of Simulium (Simulium) (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Langkawi Island, Peninsular Malaysia

Takaoka H, Sofian-Azirun M, Ya'cob Z

J Med Entomol, 2012 Nov;49(6):1198-205.

PMID: 23270147

Simulium (Simulium) kisapense sp. nov. is described on the basis of reared adult, pupal, and larval specimens collected from Langkawi Island, Peninsular Malaysia, and placed in the multi-striatum species-group in the subgenus Simulium. This new species is characterized by the bare basal section of the female radial vein, the male ventral plate with setae, the eight pupal gill filaments divergent at an angle of >90 degrees, and the shoe-shaped cocoon with small lateral window(s). Taxonomic notes are given to separate this new species from S. (S.) hirtinervis Edwards and S. (S.) malayense Takaoka and Davies, both from Peninsular Malaysia, and several other known species from Bhutan, India, Nepal, and Thailand.

Matched MeSH terms: Pupa/anatomy & histology

Simulium (Gomphostilbia) merapiense sp. nov. (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Java, Indonesia

Takaoka H, Sofian-Azirun M, Ya'cob Z, Chen CD, Low VL, Zaid A

J Med Entomol, 2016 Jan;53(1):76-82.

PMID: 26516192 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjv154

Simulium (Gomphostilbia) merapiense sp. nov. is described based on females, males, pupae, and mature larvae from Yagyakarta, Java, Indonesia. This new species is placed in the Simulium epistum species-group, and is characterized by the pupal gill with eight short filaments all arising at the same level from a short stalk, somewhat enlarged basal fenestra, entirely bare pupal head and thoracic integument, and small and short larval postgenal cleft. These characters rarely are found in the subgenus. Taxonomic notes are given to separate this new species from related species of the S. epistum species-group.

Matched MeSH terms: Pupa/anatomy & histology

Simulium (Simulium) lomkaoense, a New Species of Black Fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) From Thailand

Takaoka H, Srisuka W, Saeung A, Otsuka Y

J Med Entomol, 2014 Nov 01;51(6):1109-15.

PMID: 26309295 DOI: 10.1603/ME14039

Simulium (Simulium) lomkaoense sp. nov. is described from females, males, pupae, and larvae in Thailand. This new species is assigned to the Simulium malyschevi Dorogostaisky, Rubtsov & Vlasenko species-group of the subgenus Simulium, and appears to be closely related to Simulium baimaii Kuvangkadilok & Takaoka from Thailand in having a similar shape of the female and male genitalia, pupal gill with two inflated filaments, and simple wall-pocket-shaped cocoon. This new species is compared taxonomically with S. baimaii and other related species. It represents the third species of the S. malyschevi species-group known from Thailand.

Matched MeSH terms: Pupa/anatomy & histology

Seasonal population patterns of Spalangia endius Walker (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) at a refuse dumping ground in Malaysia

Sulaiman S, Omar B, Omar S, Jeffery J, Ghauth I, Busparani V

J Med Entomol, 1991 Nov;28(6):757-9.

PMID: 1770508

A study on population patterns of the parasitoid Spalangia endius Walker at a dumping ground near Kuala Lumpur city showed that the percentage of S. endius adult emergence varied seasonally. During the relatively heavy rainfall months of August and November 1988, and January, March, and April 1989, the population of S. endius adult emergence were low (0-14.2%) compared to the less rainy months of July, September, and December 1988, and May 1989 (29.3-39.6%). This information could be useful in formulating strategies to reduce house fly population at the refuse dumping ground through integrated pest management programs.

Matched MeSH terms: Pupa/parasitology

Three new species of the Simulium (Simulium) striatum species-group (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thailand, with their phylogenetic relationships

Aupalee K, Saeung A, Srisuka W, Fukuda M, Junkum A, Pitasawat B, et al.

Acta Trop, 2020 Nov;211:105625.

PMID: 32649996 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105625

Three new species of black flies from Thailand, Simulium wangkwaiense, S. tadtonense and S. maeklongkeense, are described based on their adults, pupal exuviae and cocoons. All three new species are assigned to the Simulium (Simulium) striatum species-group, bringing its total number in Thailand to seven. Simulium wangkwaiense sp. nov. is the species formerly called S. quinquestriatum in Thailand. Certain male and pupal morphological characteristics are shown to separate all seven Thai species of this species-group. All of the three new species have been analyzed genetically for their phylogenetic relationships, with three known related species (except for S. thailandicum), by using the fast-evolving nuclear big zinc finger (BZF) gene.

Matched MeSH terms: Pupa/anatomy & histology

A new species of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Northern Thailand, with its genetic relationship in the S. asakoae species-group

Srisuka W, Aupalee K, Low VL, Yácob Z, Fukuda M, Saeung A, et al.

Acta Trop, 2021 Jun;218:105889.

PMID: 33722581 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105889

A new black fly species, Simulium (Gomphostilbia) kiewlomense, is described from females, males, pupae and mature larvae in Thailand. This new species is placed in the S. asakoae species-group and is characterized by having a combination of the elongate female sensory vesicle, widened male hind basitarsus, which is much wider than the hind femur, small pupal terminal hooks, and light greenish larval abdominal segments 1-3. Taxonomic notes are given to separate this new species from other related species. A DNA analysis using the COI gene shows that this new species has two genoforms with 1.21% difference. This is the 28th species of the S. asakoae species-group in Thailand, strengthening the evidence for high species diversity of this species-group.

Matched MeSH terms: Pupa/anatomy & histology

Fulltext Description of male, pupa and larva of Simulium (Asiosimulium) wanchaii (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thailand, with keys to identify four species of the subgenus Asiosimulium

Srisuka W, Takaoka H, Saeung A

Trop Biomed, 2015 Sep;32(3):504-10.

PMID: 26695212 MyJurnal

The male, pupa and mature larva of Simulium (Asiosimulium) wanchaii Takaoka & Choochote, one of the four species of the small Oriental black fly subgenus Asiosimulium, are described for the first time based on samples collected from Thailand. The male S. (A.) wanchaii is characterized based on the enlarged hind basitarsus and the ventral plate which is much wider than long. The pupa and larva are characterized by the gill with 19 filaments and the deep postgenal cleft, respectively. Keys are provided to identify all the four species of the subgenus Asiosimulium for females, males, pupae and mature larvae.

Matched MeSH terms: Pupa/anatomy & histology

Fulltext A report on the pupae of Desmometopa sp. (Diptera: Milichiidae) recovered from a human corpse in Malaysia

Kumara TK, Abu Hassan A, Che Salmah MR, Bhupinder S

Trop Biomed, 2010 Apr;27(1):131-3.

PMID: 20562823

The pupae of Desmometopa sp. (Diptera: Milichiidae) were collected from a human corpse found indoor in active decay stage together with the larvae of Sarcophagidae, Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Wulp), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) and Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart). This research note is the first report of the Desmometopa sp. recovered from a human corpse in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Pupa/physiology

Characterization of Simulium (Simulium) hackeri Edwards (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Malaysia: Morphological description of the pupa and larva, and DNA barcoding

Ya'cob Z, Takaoka H, Low VL, Sofian-Azirun M

Acta Trop, 2018 Sep;185:110-114.

PMID: 29709632 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.04.029

Simulium (Simulium) hackeri Edwards, 1928 of the Simulium variegatum species-group from Malaysia was described initially based on the female specimen from Cameron Highlands, Pahang. In the present study, the pupa and larva of this species are described for the first time. Their morphological characters resemble those of the Simulium variegatum species-group by having six gill filaments per side, abdomen with dorsal spine-combs at least on segments 7 and 8, cocoon with wall-pocket shaped and with or without an anterodorsal projection. Postgenal cleft of the larva medium-sized, rarely small, ventral papillae small or absent. The DNA barcode of this species is also reported herein.

Matched MeSH terms: Pupa/anatomy & histology*

A new species and a new record of the Simulium (Gomphostilbia) gombakense species-group (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thailand

Takaoka H, Srisuka W, Low VL, Saeung A

Acta Trop, 2018 Sep;185:156-166.

PMID: 29772215 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.05.011

Larvae and adults reared from pupae of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) gombakense Takaoka & Davies from eight streams in five provinces of Thailand were genetically analyzed by using cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 sequences. The material was composed of four lineages, of which lineages 2, 3 and 4 are genetically closely related to one another, but more distantly related to lineage 1, which is equivalent to typical S. (G.) gombakense from Peninsular Malaysia. Lineages 2, 3 and 4, which are morphologically indistinguishable, are designated as genoforms A, B and C within a species complex of S. (G.) paiense sp. nov., which is described based on specimens of lineage 2 (=genoform A). Simulium (G.) paiense sp. nov. is similar to S. (G.) gombakense from Peninsular Malaysia but appears to be barely distinguished by the relative length of the female fore basitarsus. Simulium (G.) thuathienense Takaoka & Sofian-Azirun is newly recorded from Thailand and its male is described for the first time. The female of S. (G.) gombakense is briefly described based on females reared from pupae collected from Peninsular Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Pupa/anatomy & histology

Two New Species of the Simulium (Simulium) variegatum Species-Group of Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) From Thailand

Takaoka H, Srisuka W, Saeung A

J Med Entomol, 2017 09 01;54(5):1213-1223.

PMID: 28505301 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx080

Two new species of black flies, Simulium (Simulium) srisukai and S. (S.) kiewmaepanense, are described from specimens collected in Thailand. Both species are assigned to the Simulium variegatum species-group of the subgenus Simulium (Simulium) Latreille. They are characterized by the darkened female femora and tibiae and six inflated pupal gill filaments, and the darkened female tibiae and six ordinary thread-like pupal gill filaments, respectively. Taxonomic notes are given to separate these new species from 10 related species among the group. These new species represent the third and fourth species of the S. variegatum species-group from Thailand.

Matched MeSH terms: Pupa/anatomy & histology

Two new species of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Myanmar, and their phylogenetic relationships with related species in the S. asakoae species-group

Takaoka H, Srisuka W, Low VL, Maleewong W, Saeung A

Acta Trop, 2017 Dec;176:39-50.

PMID: 28746824 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.07.024

Two new species of Simulium (Gomphostilbia), S. (G.) myanmarense and S. (G.) monglaense, are described from females, males, pupae and larvae from Myanmar. The two new species are placed in the S. asakoae species-group, and are similar to each other in the female and male but distinguished in the pupa by the presence or absence of an anterodorsal projection of the cocoon, and in the larva by a unique pattern of colored markings on the abdomen. Taxonomic notes are given to separate these species from related species. The COI gene sequences of both species are compared with those of eight species of the S. asakoae species-group and three species of the S. ceylonicum species-group. Both new species are most closely related to each other, further supporting their morphological classification in the S. asakoae species-group.

Matched MeSH terms: Pupa/anatomy & histology

Uncovering the mask of the Simulium feuerborni complex (Diptera: Simuliidae): Description of a new pseudocryptic species Simulium pairoti from Malaysia

Ya'cob Z, Takaoka H, Low VL, Sofian-Azirun M

Acta Trop, 2017 May;169:133-141.

PMID: 28185824 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.02.005

A black fly species of the Simulium feuerborni species-group of Simulium (Nevermannia) from Cameron Highland, Peninsular Malaysia, previously regarded as S. feuerborni Edwards, originally described from East Java, is described as Simulium pairoti sp. nov. based on complete life stages. High intraspecific variations in the arrangement of the six pupal gill filaments, length of the stalk of the ventral paired filaments, and length of the anterodorsal projection of the cocoon, are noted in this species. This new species is readily distinguished from its congeners by having the characters of male genitalia with simple lamellate ventral plate, short inwardly-twisted styles, several parameral hooks, and a simple narrow median sclerite. Morphological data reported herein plus the chromosomal and molecular data presented elsewhere support S. pairoti as a novel pseudocryptic species.

Matched MeSH terms: Pupa/anatomy & histology

A New Black Fly Species of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) From Thailand

Takaoka H, Srisuka W, Saeung A

J Med Entomol, 2017 11 07;54(6):1552-1559.

PMID: 28981674 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx147

Simulium (Gomphostilbia) fukudae sp. nov. is described based on females, males, pupae, and larvae from Thailand. This new species is placed in the Simulium batoense species-group of Simulium (Gomphostilbia). It is characterized by the female frons almost bare, male paramere covered with minute setae, pupal gill composed of six slender filaments, pupal terminal hooks cone-shaped, and cocoon with an anterodorsal projection. Taxonomic notes are given to separate this new species from the most similar species, Simulium (G.) sextuplum Takaoka & Davies and Simulium (G.) paukatense Takaoka, both from Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Pupa/anatomy & histology

A New Black Fly Species of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) From Laos

Takaoka H, Srisuka W, Saeung A, Maleewong W, Low VL

J Med Entomol, 2017 11 07;54(6):1543-1551.

PMID: 28968910 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx134

Simulium (Gomphostilbia) laosense sp. nov. is described based on adults, pupae, and mature larvae from Laos. This new species is placed in the Simulium batoense species-group of the subgenus Gomphostilbia Enderlein. It is characterized by the pupal gill with eight filaments arranged as 3 + 3 + 2 from dorsal to ventral, of which an inner filament of the ventral pair is slightly longer than its counter filament, and is 1.7-1.8 times as long as filaments of the middle triplet. Taxonomic notes are provided to distinguish this new species from Simulium (G.) johorense Takaoka, Sofian-Azirun & Ya'cob from Peninsular Malaysia and four other related species. The phylogenetic position of this new species in the S. batoense species-group is also presented based on the mitochondrial COI gene. This new species represents the second species known from Laos.

Matched MeSH terms: Pupa/anatomy & histology

New records of 13 species of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Myanmar

Takaoka H, Srisuka W, Maleewong W, Saeung A

Acta Trop, 2018 Feb;178:281-289.

PMID: 29217382 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.12.009

A faunistic survey of black flies in Shan State, central Myanmar, was carried out in 2013. A total of 16 species were collected, of which 13 species are newly recorded from Myanmar. Among 13 newly recorded species, S. (S.) chiangmaiense Takaoka & Suzuki varied in the number of pupal gill filaments from eight to 10. This survey increases the number of species of black flies from Myanmar from 8 to 23. They are classified in five subgenera of the genus Simulium: one in Asiosimulium, seven in Gomphostilbia, one in Montisimulium, two in Nevermannia and 12 in Simulium.

Matched MeSH terms: Pupa/classification

A new black fly species of the Simulium (Gomphostilbia) epistum species-group (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thailand

Takaoka H, Srisuka W, Low VL, Saeung A

Acta Trop, 2017 Dec;176:373-379.

PMID: 28919444 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.09.006

A new species of black fly, Simulium (Gomphostilbia) isanense, is described based on females, males, pupae and mature larvae from Thailand. This new species is placed in the Simulium epistum species-group of the subgenus Gomphostilbia Enderlein. It is characterized by the pupal gill with eight filaments arranged as 3+3+2 from dorsal to ventral, of which an inner filament of the ventral pair is slightly longer than its counter filament. Taxonomic notes are provided to distinguish this new species from S. (G.) angulistylum Takaoka & Davies from Peninsular Malaysia, and three other related species. The difference between this new species and S. (G.) angulistylum is supported by genetic distances using the mitochondrial COI gene.

Matched MeSH terms: Pupa/anatomy & histology

Five new species of the Simulium decuplum subgroup of the Simulium (Gomphostilbia) batoense species-group (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thailand and their phylogenetic relationships

Takaoka H, Srisuka W, Van Lun Low, Saeung A

Acta Trop, 2018 Jun;182:271-284.

PMID: 29551392 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.03.019

Five new species of black flies, Simulium (Gomphostilbia) chiangraiense, S. (G.) huaikaeoense, S. (G.) khaokhoense, S. (G.) maeklangense, and S. (G.) pamiangense, are described based on adults, pupae and mature larvae from Thailand. These five species are similar to one another and are placed in the S. decuplum subgroup of the S. batoense species-group by having the male fore coxae darkened, ventral plate flat and transverse; pupal gill with 10 short filaments; and larval postgenal cleft deep approaching or reaching the posterior margin of the hypostoma. Simulium (G.) chiangraiense sp. nov. and S. (G.) pamiangense sp. nov. differ from the three other new species by the much longer pupal gill filaments and darkened dorsal surface of abdominal segments 1 and 2. Taxonomic notes are provided to distinguish these five new species from five other related species. The phylogenetic positions of these new species in the S. decuplum subgroup are presented based on the mitochondrial COI gene. Simulium (G.) pamiangense sp. nov. and S. (G.) huaikaeoense sp. nov. are highly similar to each other genetically, showing a sister relationship, though they are clearly different morphologically. On the contrary, S. (G.) khaokhoense sp. nov. is distantly positioned from S. (G.) huaikaeoense nov., though it is almost indistinguishable morphologically from the latter.

Matched MeSH terms: Pupa/genetics

Fulltext Biodiversity, seasonal abundance, and distribution of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in six different regions of Thailand

Srisuka W, Takaoka H, Otsuka Y, Fukuda M, Thongsahuan S, Taai K, et al.

Parasit Vectors, 2017 Nov 21;10(1):574.

PMID: 29157269 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2492-y

BACKGROUND: Blackflies are an important medical and veterinary group of small blood-sucking insects. Ninety-three blackfly species have been reported in Thailand. However, information on their biodiversity and population dynamics in each region is lacking. The main aim of this study was to assess the regional biodiversity, seasonal abundance and distribution of blackflies in six eco-geographically different regions in the country.

METHODS: Blackfly larvae and pupae were sampled monthly from 58 sites between May 2011 and April 2013. Diversity parameters, seasonal abundance, regional distribution and frequency of species occurrence in stream sites were analyzed.

RESULTS: A total of 19,456 mature larvae representing 57 species, and belonging to six subgenera in the genus Simulium Latreille (s.l.), were found. The five predominant taxa were S. fenestratum (8.6%), the S. asakoae complex (8.3%), S. nakhonense (7.5%), the S. siamense complex (7.4%) and the S. doipuiense complex (6.7%). The most frequent taxa at all sites were the S. asakoae complex (84.5%), followed by S. fenestratum (82.8%), the S. siamense complex (75.9%), S. decuplum (60.3%), S. nakhonense (58.6%) and the S. tani complex (48.3%). The richness of regional species was highest (40 species) in the north and predominated in the cold season. However, blackflies in the south predominated during the hot season. The highest numbers of blackflies collected from central, northeastern, eastern and western regions of the country were observed in the rainy season. Overall, the mean number of blackflies collected across the six regions during the rainy and cold season had no statistically significant difference, but it differed significantly in the hot season.

CONCLUSIONS: Blackflies in Thailand were surveyed in all three seasons across six geographical regions. These findings demonstrated that blackfly communities at each stream site varied with seasonality, and the regional relative abundance of blackflies differed markedly in the hot season. It was also found that the occurrence and distribution of blackflies in each region were associated strongly with elevation.

Matched MeSH terms: Pupa/physiology

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