Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 263 in total

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  1. Liam CK, Lim KH, Wong CMM, Lau WM, Tan CT
    Med J Malaysia, 2001 Mar;56(1):10-7.
    PMID: 11503285
    Introduction: The flow-volume curves of patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) obtained during the awake state are frequently abnormal.
    Objective: To determine 1) the relationship between the awake respiratory function and the severity of sleep-disordered breathing in a group of Malaysian patients with the OSA syndrome and 2) the frequency of flow-volume curve abnormality in these patients.
    Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of the data from respiratory function tests during wakefulness and nocturnal polysomnography was performed on 48 patients with OSA. The severity of OSA was defined by the apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) and the lowest oxygen saturation during sleep (SPO2nadir).
    Results: AHI had a significant relationship with alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (r=0.34, p=0.046) and SPO2nadir (r=0.049, p<0.001) but not with any anthropometric parameter or the other awake respiratory function variables measured SPO2nadir, has a significant relationship with body mass index (r=0.54, P<0.001), neck circumference (r=-0.39, p=0.013), awake room air PaO2 (r=0.61, p<0.001), alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (r=-0.41, p=0.015) and baseline supine SpO2 (r=0.53, p<0.001). there was no correlation between SPO2nadir and any spirometric or static lung volume parameters. The maximum inspiratory and maximum expiratory flow volume curves of 26 patients (54%) showed a ratio of forced expiratory flow to forced inspiratory flow at mid-vital capacity (FEF50/FIF50) greater than one. In addition, flow oscillations (the ‘sawtooth’ sign) were noted in the inspiratory and/or expiratory flow-volume curves of 21 patients (44%), 9 of who did not have an FEF50/FIF50>1. Altogether, the maximum flow-volume curves during wakefulness of 35 (&3%) of the 48 patients showed variable upper airway obstruction and/or flow oscillations. However, the presence of these two upper airway abnormalities, either occurring alone or together did not have an effect on the severity of OSA as measured by the AHI or SPO2nadir.
    Conclusions: Abnormalities of the flow-volume loop consistent with inspiratory flow limitation and/or upper airway instability during wakefulness are common in patients with the OSA syndrome. The degree of oxygen desaturation during sleep in these patients as related to their awake oxygenation status.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration*
  2. Miranda AF, Reddy VG
    Med J Malaysia, 1990 Mar;45(1):65-9.
    PMID: 2152071
    A Brain laryngeal mask was assessed in fifty patients undergoing general anaesthesia who required controlled ventilation. The mask was inserted in all patients without any difficulty and the satisfactory seal obtained enabled ventilation in all patients in a wide range of positions. Airway obstruction occurred in seven patients secondary to downfolding of the epiglottis and this was rectified by reinsertion. The incidence of sore throat was 10%. The Brain laryngeal mask is a safe alternative to the tracheal tube for controlled ventilation during general anaesthesia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration, Artificial/instrumentation*
  3. Chiu CL, Teh BT, Wang CY
    Br J Anaesth, 2003 Nov;91(5):742-4.
    PMID: 14570801
    A 27-yr-old lady with a past history of prolonged ventilation presented with worsening respiratory distress caused by tracheal stenosis. She required urgent tracheal resection and reconstruction. Because of the risk of an acute respiratory obstruction, spinal anaesthesia was used to establish cardiopulmonary bypass by cannulating the femoral artery and femoral vein. Adequate gas exchange was possible with full flow rate. Thoracotomy was then carried out to mobilize the left main bronchus. After successfully securing an airway by intubation of the left main bronchus, cardiopulmonary bypass was discontinued and tracheal resection and anastomosis was done under conventional one lung anaesthesia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration, Artificial/methods
  4. Tan LT, Nathan AM, Jayanath S, Eg KP, Thavagnanam S, Lum LCS, et al.
    Pediatr Pulmonol, 2020 12;55(12):3477-3486.
    PMID: 33002341 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25083
    BACKGROUND: Provision of home mechanical ventilation (HMV) to children with chronic respiratory insufficiency enhances growth and quality of life. The hypothesis was that health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the development of these children were poorer than in healthy children.

    OBJECTIVES: To determine the HRQoL and developmental outcome of children on HMV.

    METHODS: This cross-sectional study used the TNO-AZL Preschool children's Quality Of Life (TAPQOL; <5 years old) and Health Utilities Index (HUI) 2/3 (≥5 years old) to assess the quality of life and the Schedule of Growing Skills-II to assess development. Instruments were used on children currently or previously on HMV (≥3 months) and compared with age and sex-matched controls.

    RESULTS: Sixty-five patients and 130 controls were recruited. Patients' median (interquartile range) age was 3.12 (1.65, 5.81) years. Patients had significantly lower TAPQOL scores in the domains of lung, liveliness, positive mood, social functioning, motor functioning, and communication, and lower HUI 2/3 scores in hearing, sensation, pain, speech, mobility, ambulatory, dexterity, and self-care domains. The developmental outcome of patients was poorer in all domains. However, patients had fewer behavioral problems. Those with respiratory tract disease and without comorbidities had better HRQoL and developmental scores. Having a parent as the primary caregiver was associated with better speech and language skills.

    CONCLUSIONS: HRQoL and the developmental outcome are lower in children on HMV compared to controls. Children with respiratory tract disease and without comorbidities have a better outcome. Parents play a crucial role in the acquisition of speech.

    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration, Artificial*
  5. Viswabhargav CSS, Tripathy RK, Acharya UR
    Comput Biol Med, 2019 05;108:20-30.
    PMID: 31003176 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.03.016
    Sleep is a prominent physiological activity in our daily life. Sleep apnea is the category of sleep disorder during which the breathing of the person diminishes causing the alternation in the upper airway resistance. The electrocardiogram derived respiration (EDR) and heart rate (RR-time-series) signals are normally used for the detection of sleep apnea as these two signals capture cardio-pulmonary activity information. Hence, the analysis of these two signals provides vital information about sleep apnea. In this paper, we propose the novel sparse residual entropy (SRE) features for the automated detection of sleep apnea using EDR and heart rate signals. The features required for the automated detection of sleep apnea are extracted in three steps: (i) atomic decomposition based residual estimation from both EDR and heart rate signals using orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) with different dictionaries, (ii) estimation of probabilities from each sparse residual, and (iii) calculation of the entropy features. The proposed SRE features are fed to the combination of fuzzy K-means clustering and support vector machine (SVM) to pick the best performing classifier. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SRE features with radial basis function (RBF) kernel-based SVM classifier yielded higher performance with accuracy, sensitivity and specificity values of 78.07%, 78.01%, and 78.13%, respectively with Fourier dictionary and 10-fold cross-validation. For subject-specific or leave-one-out validation case, the SVM classifier has sensitivity and specificity of 85.43% and 92.60%, respectively using SRE features with Fourier dictionary (FD).
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration*
  6. Azrina, M.R., Basri, M.N., Abdul Hadi, M., Fahmi, M.L., Asmarawati, M.Y., Ariff, O.
    MyJurnal
    High frequency oscillating ventilation (HFOV) provides a rescue therapy for patients with refractory hypoxaemia in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). HFOV utilizes high mean airway pressures to maintain an open lung and low tidal volumes at a high frequency that allows for adequate ventilation while at the same time preventing alveolar overdistension. This seems to be an ideal lung protective ventilation strategies to prevent ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI)2. We reported a case of severe extrapulmonary ARDS secondary to acute lymphoblastic leukaemia responding to the use of HFOV.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration; Respiration, Artificial
  7. Jacqueline, H.O.
    MyJurnal
    A retrospective survey was carried out in a neonatal unit to identify babies who required oxygen for more than the first 28 days of life and to determine the cause of their oxygen dependency. A total of 9173 neonates were admitted over a three year period. Approximately 750 were ventilated. Fifteen required oxygen for more than the first 28 days. Ten (67%) of these were due to bronchopulmonary dysplasia. 2 had upper airway complications of mechanical ventilation, one had recurrent apnoea, one had recurrent pneumonia, and one who did not require ventilation had chronic oxygen dependency of unknown cause. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia was the commonest cause of chronic oxygen dependency. The incidence was 1.5% of ventilated babies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration; Respiration, Artificial
  8. Chan KY, Raman A
    Med J Malaya, 1968 Dec;23(2):86-91.
    PMID: 4240826
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration*
  9. MANAVALAN AS
    Med J Malaya, 1961 Dec;16:125-35.
    PMID: 14469124
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration Disorders*
  10. Suhaily Amran, Ahmad Sayuti Zainal Abidin, Shoffian Amin Jaafar, Mohd Talib Latif, Abdul Mutalib Leman
    MyJurnal
    There are several alternative sampling and analytical methods available for the determination of respirable
    crystalline silica exposure among workers. The commonly used ones are, (1) NIOSH Manual Analytical Method
    No.7500(NMAM 7500) which is Silica, crystalline, by X-ray difractometer via filter deposition(NIOSH 2003), and
    (2) MDHS 101 (Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances (MDHS) Guidance No.101: Respirable
    crystalline silica in respirable airborne dust). The aim of this study is to compare applicability of respirable crystalline
    silica sampling and analysis between method MDHS 101 and NMAM 7500. Laboratory procedures will be performed
    strictly based on MDHS 101 and NMAM 7500. Both methods apply X-ray diffraction as analytical technique with
    many variations on sampling techniques and laboratory preparations. Quality assurance values such as detection
    limits, accuracy and precision are derived from both data and will be compared to determine which of the method
    establishes better quality assurance. The method which establishes better quality assurance will be recommend to be
    used in Malaysian respirable crystalline silica monitoring programme. The strength of this research lies on its potential
    to provide local capabilities in analysis of respirable crystalline silica in Malaysian setting.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration; Cell Respiration
  11. Alyessary AS, Othman SA, Yap AUJ, Radzi Z, Rahman MT
    Int Orthod, 2019 03;17(1):12-19.
    PMID: 30732977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2019.01.001
    OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aims to determine the effects of non-surgical rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on breathing and upper airway structures.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: An electronic search of the scientific literature from January 2005 to June 2016 was done using Web of Science, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source and PubMed databases. A combination of search terms "rapid maxillary expansion", "nasal", "airway" and "breathing" were used. Studies that involved surgical or combined RME-surgical treatments and patients with craniofacial anomalies were excluded.

    RESULTS: The initial screening yielded a total of 183 articles. After evaluation of the titles, abstracts and accessing the full text, a total of 20 articles fulfilled both inclusion/exclusion criteria and possessed adequate evidence to be incorporated into this review.

    CONCLUSIONS: Non-surgical RME was found to improve breathing, increase nasal cavity geometry and decrease nasal airway resistance in children and adolescents.

    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration*
  12. Uzzaman MN, Chan SC, Shunmugam RH, Engkasan JP, Agarwal D, Habib GMM, et al.
    BMJ Open, 2021 10 12;11(10):e050362.
    PMID: 34642195 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050362
    INTRODUCTION: Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are common and disabling conditions that can result in social isolation and economic hardship for patients and their families. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) improves functional exercise capacity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) but practical barriers to attending centre-based sessions or the need for infection control limits accessibility. Home-PR offers a potential solution that may improve access. We aim to systematically review the clinical effectiveness, completion rates and components of Home-PR for people with CRDs compared with Centre-PR or Usual care.

    METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will search PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, PeDRO and PsycInfo from January 1990 to date using a PICOS search strategy (Population: adults with CRDs; Intervention: Home-PR; Comparator: Centre-PR/Usual care; Outcomes: functional exercise capacity and HRQoL; Setting: any setting). The strategy is to search for 'Chronic Respiratory Disease' AND 'Pulmonary Rehabilitation' AND 'Home-PR', and identify relevant randomised controlled trials and controlled clinical trials. Six reviewers working in pairs will independently screen articles for eligibility and extract data from those fulfilling the inclusion criteria. We will use the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to rate the quality of evidence. We will perform meta-analysis or narrative synthesis as appropriate to answer our three research questions: (1) what is the effectiveness of Home-PR compared with Centre-PR or Usual care? (2) what components are used in effective Home-PR studies? and (3) what is the completion rate of Home-PR compared with Centre-PR?

    ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Research ethics approval is not required since the study will review only published data. The findings will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentation in conferences.

    PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020220137.

    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration Disorders*
  13. Huei TJ, Lip HTC, Hong LC, Fang CZ, Ann CS, Rou LH, et al.
    World J Surg, 2022 03;46(3):497-503.
    PMID: 35013777 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-021-06408-6
    BACKGROUND: Acute care surgery is an important component of health care in the developed nations. However, in Malaysia, acute care surgery is yet to be recognized as a specific subspecialty service. Due to high demands of limited ICU beds, some patients have to be ventilated in the wards. This study aims to describe the outcomes of acute surgical patients that required mechanical ventilation.

    METHODS: This is a retrospective review of all mechanically ventilated surgical patients in the wards, in a tertiary hospital, in 2020. Sixty-two patients out of 116 patients ventilated in surgical wards fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Demography, surgical diagnosis and procedures and physiologic, biochemical and survival data were analyzed to explore the outcomes and predictors of mortality.

    RESULTS: Twenty-two out of 62 patients eventually gained ICU admission. Mean time from intubation to ICU entry and mean length of ICU stay were 48 h (0 to 312) and 10 days (1 to 33), respectively. Survival for patients admitted to ICU compared to ventilation in the acute surgery wards was 54.5% (12/22) vs 17.5% (7/40). Thirty-four patients underwent surgery, and the majority were bowel-related emergency operations. SAPS2 score validation revealed AUC of 0.701. More than half of patients with mortality risk 

    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration, Artificial*
  14. Guérin C, Beuret P, Constantin JM, Bellani G, Garcia-Olivares P, Roca O, et al.
    Intensive Care Med, 2018 01;44(1):22-37.
    PMID: 29218379 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-017-4996-5
    INTRODUCTION: While prone positioning (PP) has been shown to improve patient survival in moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients, the rate of application of PP in clinical practice still appears low.

    AIM: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of use of PP in ARDS patients (primary endpoint), the physiological effects of PP, and the reasons for not using it (secondary endpoints).

    METHODS: The APRONET study was a prospective international 1-day prevalence study performed four times in April, July, and October 2016 and January 2017. On each study day, investigators in each ICU had to screen every patient. For patients with ARDS, use of PP, gas exchange, ventilator settings and plateau pressure (Pplat) were recorded before and at the end of the PP session. Complications of PP and reasons for not using PP were also documented. Values are presented as median (1st-3rd quartiles).

    RESULTS: Over the study period, 6723 patients were screened in 141 ICUs from 20 countries (77% of the ICUs were European), of whom 735 had ARDS and were analyzed. Overall 101 ARDS patients had at least one session of PP (13.7%), with no differences among the 4 study days. The rate of PP use was 5.9% (11/187), 10.3% (41/399) and 32.9% (49/149) in mild, moderate and severe ARDS, respectively (P = 0.0001). The duration of the first PP session was 18 (16-23) hours. Measured with the patient in the supine position before and at the end of the first PP session, PaO2/FIO2 increased from 101 (76-136) to 171 (118-220) mmHg (P = 0.0001) driving pressure decreased from 14 [11-17] to 13 [10-16] cmH2O (P = 0.001), and Pplat decreased from 26 [23-29] to 25 [23-28] cmH2O (P = 0.04). The most prevalent reason for not using PP (64.3%) was that hypoxemia was not considered sufficiently severe. Complications were reported in 12 patients (11.9%) in whom PP was used (pressure sores in five, hypoxemia in two, endotracheal tube-related in two ocular in two, and a transient increase in intracranial pressure in one).

    CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, this prospective international prevalence study found that PP was used in 32.9% of patients with severe ARDS, and was associated with low complication rates, significant increase in oxygenation and a significant decrease in driving pressure.

    Matched MeSH terms: Positive-Pressure Respiration*
  15. Mohan V, Perri M, Paungmali A, Sitilertpisan P, Joseph LH, Jathin R, et al.
    J Bodyw Mov Ther, 2017 Jul;21(3):694-698.
    PMID: 28750986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2016.10.007
    Faulty breathing is an aspect of alteration in the normal fundamental pattern of breathing. The available existence of scales in assessing faulty breathing has not frequently been used. Measurement errors in assessing and quantifying breathing patterns may originate from unclear directions and variation between observers. This study determined the measure reliability of the Total Faulty Breathing Scale (TFBS) for quantifying breathing patterns. Twenty seven participants were recruited comprising healthy and unhealthy subjects. Two examiners assessed their breathing patterns using the TFBS on two different occasions with visual observation and a videogrammetry method. Evaluation of the observational breathing pattern method for intra-rater and inter-rater showed agreement of 96.30% and a kappa score of greater than 0.78, which indicated substantial agreements. The videogrammetry method showed a percent agreement of (100%) with a kappa score of (1.00). This study indicates that the TFBS is a considerably reliable tool for evaluating breathing patterns with both visual observation and a videogrammetry method.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration*
  16. Palaniappan R, Sundaraj K, Sundaraj S
    Comput Methods Programs Biomed, 2017 Jul;145:67-72.
    PMID: 28552127 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2017.04.013
    BACKGROUND: The monitoring of the respiratory rate is vital in several medical conditions, including sleep apnea because patients with sleep apnea exhibit an irregular respiratory rate compared with controls. Therefore, monitoring the respiratory rate by detecting the different breath phases is crucial.

    OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to segment the breath cycles from pulmonary acoustic signals using the newly developed adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) based on breath phase detection and to subsequently evaluate the performance of the system.

    METHODS: The normalised averaged power spectral density for each segment was fuzzified, and a set of fuzzy rules was formulated. The ANFIS was developed to detect the breath phases and subsequently perform breath cycle segmentation. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient values were calculated and analysed, and the proposed method was then validated using data collected at KIMS Hospital and the RALE standard dataset.

    RESULTS: The analysis of the correlation coefficient of the neuro-fuzzy model, which was performed to evaluate its performance, revealed a correlation strength of r = 0.9925, and the RMSE for the neuro-fuzzy model was found to equal 0.0069.

    CONCLUSION: The proposed neuro-fuzzy model performs better than the fuzzy inference system (FIS) in detecting the breath phases and segmenting the breath cycles and requires less rules than FIS.

    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration*
  17. Che' Man AB, Lim HH
    Singapore Med J, 1983 Jun;24(3):135-9.
    PMID: 6635675
    A study was carried out to determine ventilatory capacity (Forced Expiratory Volume or FEV1 and Forced Vital Capacity or FVC) in apparently normal Malay office workers in Malaysia. The subjects, 78 males and 113 females, were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire to exclude those with symptoms or past history of cardiopulmonary disease. Measurements of age, height, weight, FEV, and FVC were made on each subject; the FEV, and FVC were measured using Vitalograph spirometers. The mean FEV, and FVC for males were 3.35 litres and 3.76 Iitres, respectively. For females, the mean FEV, and FVC were 3.46 and 2.72 Iitres, respectively. Height was positively correlated with FEV, and FVC (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration*
  18. Lim S, Lam DC, Muttalif AR, Yunus F, Wongtim S, Lan le TT, et al.
    Asia Pac Fam Med, 2015;14(1):4.
    PMID: 25937817 DOI: 10.1186/s12930-015-0020-9
    Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a clinical syndrome encompassing a group of chronic, progressive, and debilitating respiratory conditions, that are characterized by incompletely reversible airflow limitation. Within the Asia-Pacific region, prevalence estimates have been derived using various protocols and study methods, and there is little data on the impact of COPD exacerbations. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive picture of the current prevalence and burden of COPD in this region.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration Disorders
  19. Ramli MI, Hamzaid NA, Engkasan JP
    J Voice, 2019 Jul 09.
    PMID: 31300185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.06.006
    OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of mechanomyography (MMG) and electromyography (EMG) in monitoring the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) as accessory respiratory muscles when breathing during singing.

    METHODS: MMG and EMG were used to record the activity of the SCM in 32 untrained singers reciting a monotonous text and a standard folk song. Their voices were recorded and their pitch, or fundamental frequency (FF), and intensity were derived using Praat software. Instants of inhale and exhales were identified during singing from their voice recordings and the corresponding SCM MMG and EMG activities were analysed.

    RESULTS: The SCM MMG, and EMG signals during breathing while singing were significantly different than breathing at rest (p < 0.001). On the other hand, MMG was relatively better correlated to voice intensity in both reading and singing than EMG. EMG was better, but not significantly, correlated with FF in both reading and singing as compared to MMG.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study established MMG and EMG as the quantitative measurement tool to monitor breathing activities during singing. This is useful for applications related to singing therapy performance measure including potentially pathologically effected population. While the MMG and EMG could not distinguish FF and intensity significantly, it is useful to serve as a proxy of inhalation and exhalation levels throughout a particular singing session. Further studies are required to determine its efficacy in a therapeutic setting.

    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration
  20. Lee LY, Hew GSY, Mehta M, Shukla SD, Satija S, Khurana N, et al.
    Life Sci, 2021 Feb 15;267:118973.
    PMID: 33400932 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118973
    Eosinophils are bi-lobed, multi-functional innate immune cells with diverse cell surface receptors that regulate local immune and inflammatory responses. Several inflammatory and infectious diseases are triggered with their build up in the blood and tissues. The mobilization of eosinophils into the lungs is regulated by a cascade of processes guided by Th2 cytokine generating T-cells. Recruitment of eosinophils essentially leads to a characteristic immune response followed by airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling, which are hallmarks of chronic respiratory diseases. By analysing the dynamic interactions of eosinophils with their extracellular environment, which also involve signaling molecules and tissues, various therapies have been invented and developed to target respiratory diseases. Having entered clinical testing, several eosinophil targeting therapeutic agents have shown much promise and have further bridged the gap between theory and practice. Moreover, researchers now have a clearer understanding of the roles and mechanisms of eosinophils. These factors have successfully assisted molecular biologists to block specific pathways in the growth, migration and activation of eosinophils. The primary purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the eosinophil biology with a special emphasis on potential pharmacotherapeutic targets. The review also summarizes promising eosinophil-targeting agents, along with their mechanisms and rationale for use, including those in developmental pipeline, in clinical trials, or approved for other respiratory disorders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiration Disorders/immunology*; Respiration Disorders/metabolism; Respiration Disorders/physiopathology
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