Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 2966 in total

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  1. Yeap, E.J., Deepak, A.S.
    Malays Orthop J, 2007;1(1):12-17.
    MyJurnal
    We conducted a retrospective review on eleven patients who were treated for Type A and C distal femoral fractures (based on AO classification) between January 2004 and December 2004. All fractures were fixed with titanium distal femoral locking compression plate. The patient’s ages ranged from 15 to 85 with a mean of 44. Clinical assessment was conducted at least 6 months post-operatively using the Schatzker scoring system. Results showed that four patients had excellent results, four good, two fair and one failure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
  2. Mohd Nizam Haron, Syahirah Zeti Azham, Lyanna Annura Sallehudin, Nur Firzanie Kamaruddin, Ezreen Elia Izzaty Afindi
    MyJurnal
    The purpose of this study is to retrospectively report the results of scoliosis patients who underwent chiropractic therapy and to evaluate their outcome by looking at the potential to alter the natural progression of scoliosis after therapy.
    Methods: Retrospective data collection was conducted at a private chiropractic centre in Kuala Lumpur. The data was collected from patients between the ages of 16 to 19 years old. A total of eight patients with 14 scoliotic curvatures (six thoracic, six lumbar and two thoracolumbar), who met the inclusion criteria, were selected as subjects for this study. All subjects received the same chiropractic therapy program. The outcome of the therapy was assessed by measuring the Cobb’s angle on the erect spine as captured on an x-ray. The Cobb’s angle was measured at the first presentation (to establish a baseline) after 6 and 24 months of therapy.
    Results: The mean baseline Cobb’s angle for thoracic, lumbar and thoracolumbar scoliosis were 30.70 ± 19.40, 31.70 ± 12.30 and 25.00 ± 18.40 respectively. After 24 months of chiropractic therapy, there was no discernible effect on the magnitude of the Cobb’s angles on the subjects overall.
    Conclusion: Our study showed no significant reduction in spine curvature in patients with scoliosis using chiropractic therapy after 24 months.
    Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
  3. Lim CH, Tseng CW, Lin CT, Huang WN, Chen YH, Chen YM, et al.
    SAGE Open Med, 2018;6:2050312118781895.
    PMID: 29977547 DOI: 10.1177/2050312118781895
    Objective: To examine the clinical utility of tumor markers in dermatomyositis/polymyositis patients in Taiwan.

    Method: Data were collected retrospectively from the database of Taichung Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan from 1998 to 2014. Patients who fulfilled Bohan and Peter criteria of dermatomyositis/polymyositis were recruited. Serum level of tumor markers including carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, carbohydrate antigen 125, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and carbohydrate antigen 15-3 were measured. The occurrence of malignancies and interstitial lung disease was identified. The association of tumor markers with malignancies and interstitial lung disease was examined using Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.

    Results: Among the enrolled 151 patients, 98 (64.9%) dermatomyositis and 53 (35.1%) polymyositis, a total of 15 malignancies were detected: breast ductal carcinoma (n = 4), bladder transitional cell carcinoma (n = 2), lung adenocarcinoma (n = 2), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 and papillary squamous cell carcinoma (n = 2), colorectal (colon and rectal adenocarcinoma) (n = 2), uterine adenocarcinoma (n = 1), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (n = 1) and hematological malignancy (myelodysplastic with excess blast cells) (n = 1). Among the patients with malignancies, 13 (86.7%) had dermatomyositis, 2 (13.3%) polymyositis and 3 (20%) interstitial lung disease. The mean duration from dermatomyositis/polymyositis diagnosis to the occurrence of malignancies was 6.05 ± 5.69 years. There was no significant association of raised tumor markers with the occurrence of malignancies (p > 0.085), while a significant association was observed between the elevated levels of carbohydrate antigen 15-3 and the presence of interstitial lung disease (p = 0.006).

    Conclusion: Tumor markers were not useful in malignancy screening or dermatomyositis/polymyositis patients in this tertiary center. The evaluation of the occurrence of malignancy in dermatomyositis/polymyositis patient should include a multidimensional approach. A raised level of carbohydrate antigen 15-3 may be a potential indicator of the presence of interstitial lung disease in dermatomyositis/polymyositis patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
  4. Kho SS, Chan SK, Yong MC, Tie ST
    ERJ Open Res, 2019 Oct;5(4).
    PMID: 31649952 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00135-2019
    Background: Radial endobronchial ultrasound (R-EBUS) is an effective technique in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPL). However, lesion orientation with regards to the radial probe remains an important factor for effective biopsy. "Within" orientation was associated with significantly higher diagnostic yield. Cryobiopsy is a novel technique in obtaining larger tissue samples with the frozen tip allowing biopsy in a 360° direction, thus potentially achieving more effective biopsy in eccentrically and adjacently orientated lesions. We aimed to evaluate the performance and safety of transbronchial cryobiopsy versus forceps biopsy in eccentrically and adjacently orientated R-EBUS lesions.

    Methods: Retrospective review of R-EBUS transbronchial biopsy for PPL over 17 months.

    Results: 114 R-EBUS scans were included for analysis during the study period. Forceps biopsy was performed in 76 (66.7%) cases and cryobiopsy in 38 (33.3%) cases. Baseline demographics and lesion characteristics did not differ between the two groups. Median (interquartile range) lesion size was 3.48 (2.63-4.51) cm. Overall, 41.2% of lesions were of eccentric orientation and 15.8% adjacent orientation; only 43% were concentric in orientation. Overall diagnostic yield was 67.5% (77 out of 114). Orientation remained an important factor affecting diagnostic yield. Transbronchial cryobiopsy significantly increased the diagnostic yield in eccentrically and adjacently orientated lesions to 75.0% (18 out of 24), compared to 48.8% (20 out of 41) obtained via forceps biopsy (p<0.05); but not in concentric lesions. Cryobiopsy was associated with more mild and moderate bleeding complications compared to the forceps biopsy group.

    Conclusions: Transbronchial cryobiopsy under R-EBUS guidance is a safe procedure which potentially increases diagnostic yield in eccentrically and adjacently orientated PPLs.

    Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
  5. Siti Aishah MA, Tham KY, Samy M
    Family Physician, 1990;2:30-32.
    471 ovarian tumours were available for study from 1980 to 1987. Epidemiological breakdown by race, age and the histological type of the tumours was obtained. The diagnosis of the individual tumours was based on the World Health Organisation (WHO) histological classification of ovarian tumours. There were 324 (68.8%) benigh and 147 (31.2%) malignant tumours. 253 (53.7%) of the tumours were seen in the Malays. The third decade was the peak age for the benigh tumours, and for the malignant tumours, the fourth and fifth decades. 138 (42.6%) of the benign ovarian tumours were cystic teratomas and 45 (30.6%) of the malignant tumours were cystadenocarcinoma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
  6. Sathyamoorthy P
    Family Physician, 1990;2:28-31.
    A retrospective analysis of 49 patients with 55 liver abscesses evaluated by diagnostic ultrasonography was made. The sonographic appearances were varied and non-specific. 96% of the abscesses were in the right lobe of the liver. Sonographic features which were frequently observed include (a) predominantly hypoechoic internal echotexture (64%) (b) distal sonic enhancement (98%) (c) well-defined margin with an abrupt transition between normal liver parenchyma and lesion (96%) and (d) absence of wall echoes (89%). A combination of these features has considerable diagnostic value. Distal sonic enhancement is of particular diagnostic importance. In equivocal cases the diagnosis can be quickly determined by percutaneous needle aspiration under ultrasound guidance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
  7. Loke KH
    Family Practitioner, 1987;10:31-33.
    Child abuse is as age-old problem which involves physical, emotional and sexual abuse and also the unauthorised administration of drugs to children. The problem does not arise from just a single cause or factor but is multifactorial. One big area is the presence of social situational stresses prior to or during the episodes of abuse. The author has carried out a retrospective study of twenty cases of child abuse investigated by the Department of Social Welfare, Kuala Lumpur from December 1979 to January 1980. This paper describes part of the findings, namely the social situational stresses. The findings are found to be similar to those of other studies, both local and abroad.
    Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
  8. Kan FK, Tan CC, Von Bahr Greenwood T, Khalid KE, Supramaniam P, Hed Myrberg I, et al.
    Clin Infect Dis, 2020 05 23;70(11):2247-2255.
    PMID: 31188423 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz499
    BACKGROUND: Globally, ~500 000 people with severe dengue (SD) require hospitalization yearly; ~12 500 (2.5%) die. Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) is a potentially fatal hyperinflammatory condition for which HLH-directed therapy (as etoposide and dexamethasone) can be life-saving. Prompted by the high mortality in SD and the increasing awareness that patients with SD may develop sHLH, our objectives were to (1) determine the frequency of dengue-HLH in SD, (2) describe clinical features of dengue-HLH, (3) assess mortality rate in SD and dengue-HLH, and (4) identify mortality-associated risk factors in SD.

    METHODS: A 5-year retrospective single-center study in all adult patients with SD admitted to a tertiary intensive care unit in Malaysia.

    RESULTS: Thirty-nine of 180 (22%) patients with SD died. Twenty-one of 180 (12%) had HLH defined as an HLH probability ≥70% according to histo score (HScore); 9 (43%) died. Similarly, 12 of 31 (39%) fulfilling ≥4 and 7 of 9 (78%) fulfilling ≥5 HLH-2004 diagnostic criteria died. Peak values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine correlated to fatality (odds ratios [ORs], 2.9, 3.4, 5.8, and 31.9; all P < .0001), as did peak ferritin (OR, 2.5; P = .0028), nadir platelets (OR, 1.9; P = .00068), hepatomegaly (OR, 2.9; P = .012), and increasing age (OR, 1.2; P = .0043). Multivariable logistic regression revealed peak AST (OR, 2.8; P = .0019), peak creatinine (OR, 7.3; P = .0065), and SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) score (OR, 1.4; P = .0051) as independent risk factors of death.

    CONCLUSIONS: Be observant of dengue-HLH due to its high mortality. A prospective study is suggested on prompt HLH-directed therapy in SD patients with hyperinflammation and evolving multiorgan failure at risk of developing dengue-HLH.

    Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
  9. Khalil A, Rahimi A, Luthfi A, Azizan MM, Satapathy SC, Hasikin K, et al.
    Front Public Health, 2021;9:752509.
    PMID: 34621723 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.752509
    A process that involves the registration of two brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) acquisitions is proposed for the subtraction between previous and current images at two different follow-up (FU) time points. Brain tumours can be non-cancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant). Treatment choices for these conditions rely on the type of brain tumour as well as its size and location. Brain cancer is a fast-spreading tumour that must be treated in time. MRI is commonly used in the detection of early signs of abnormality in the brain area because it provides clear details. Abnormalities include the presence of cysts, haematomas or tumour cells. A sequence of images can be used to detect the progression of such abnormalities. A previous study on conventional (CONV) visual reading reported low accuracy and speed in the early detection of abnormalities, specifically in brain images. It can affect the proper diagnosis and treatment of the patient. A digital subtraction technique that involves two images acquired at two interval time points and their subtraction for the detection of the progression of abnormalities in the brain image was proposed in this study. MRI datasets of five patients, including a series of brain images, were retrieved retrospectively in this study. All methods were carried out using the MATLAB programming platform. ROI volume and diameter for both regions were recorded to analyse progression details, location, shape variations and size alteration of tumours. This study promotes the use of digital subtraction techniques on brain MRIs to track any abnormality and achieve early diagnosis and accuracy whilst reducing reading time. Thus, improving the diagnostic information for physicians can enhance the treatment plan for patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
  10. Abu MA, Tajuddin SA, Abdul Karim AK, Ahmad MF, Mohd Razi ZR, Omar MH
    Minerva Ginecol, 2020 10;72(5):351-354.
    PMID: 32720800 DOI: 10.23736/S0026-4784.20.04573-6
    Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
  11. Akhtar A, Hassali MAA, Zainal H, Ali I, Iqbal MS, Khan AH
    Ther Adv Respir Dis, 2021 4 30;15:1753466620971141.
    PMID: 33910420 DOI: 10.1177/1753466620971141
    BACKGROUND: Geriatric individuals are more susceptible to different infections, especially respiratory-tract infections (RTIs) due to their compromised immune system. Hence, the objectives of the present study were to evaluate the prevalence, medication regimen complexity and factors associated with the treatment outcomes of different RTIs among geriatrics.

    METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study (5 years) was conducted at the respiratory department, Hospital Pulau Pinang. Patients aged ⩾65 years with confirmed diagnosis of RTI were included in the study.

    RESULTS: A total of 474 patients were included, and the most prevalent RTIs were community-acquired pneumonia (65.6%) followed by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (20.7%), bronchitis (8.2%) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (5.5%). Amoxicillin/clavulanate (69.8%), ampicillin/sulbactam (9.1%) and cefuroxime (6.5%) are the most common antibiotics prescribed to treat RTIs among geriatrics. Smoking, alcohol consumption, polypharmacy and presence of other co-morbidities are statistically significant factors associated with treatment outcomes of RTIs among geriatrics.

    CONCLUSION: Prevalence of community-acquired pneumonia (65.6%) among older patients aged 65 years and older higher than other RTIs. Smoking, alcohol use, presence of polypharmacy and other co-morbidities are important factors associated with the treatment outcomes of RTIs.The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.

    Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
  12. Hidrus A, Abdul Rahim SSS, Zakaria AD, Hayati F
    J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 2022 Nov;32(11):1514-1515.
    PMID: 36377032 DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2022.11.1514
    Null.
    Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
  13. Chong SL, Ong GY, Zheng CQ, Dang H, Ming M, Mahmood M, et al.
    Neurosurgery, 2021 07 15;89(2):283-290.
    PMID: 33913493 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyab157
    BACKGROUND: Although early coagulopathy increases mortality in adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI), less is known about pediatric TBI.

    OBJECTIVE: To describe the prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and platelet levels of children with moderate to severe TBI to identify predictors of early coagulopathy and study the association with clinical outcomes.

    METHODS: Using the Pediatric Acute and Critical Care Medicine Asian Network (PACCMAN) TBI retrospective cohort, we identified patients <16 yr old with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ≤13. We compared PT, APTT, platelets, and outcomes between children with isolated TBI and multiple trauma with TBI. We performed logistic regressions to identify predictors of early coagulopathy and study the association with mortality and poor functional outcomes.

    RESULTS: Among 370 children analyzed, 53/370 (14.3%) died and 127/370 (34.3%) had poor functional outcomes. PT was commonly deranged in both isolated TBI (53/173, 30.6%) and multiple trauma (101/197, 51.3%). Predictors for early coagulopathy were young age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.94, 95% CI 0.88-0.99, P = .023), GCS

    Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
  14. Ooi E, Nash K, Rengarajan L, Melson E, Thomas L, Johnson A, et al.
    PMID: 34879999 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002451
    INTRODUCTION: We explored the clinical and biochemical differences in demographics, presentation and management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

    RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This observational study included all episodes of DKA from April 2014 to September 2020 in a UK tertiary care hospital. Data were collected on diabetes type, demographics, biochemical and clinical features at presentation, and DKA management.

    RESULTS: From 786 consecutive DKA, 583 (75.9%) type 1 diabetes and 185 (24.1%) type 2 diabetes episodes were included in the final analysis. Those with type 2 diabetes were older and had more ethnic minority representation than those with type 1 diabetes. Intercurrent illness (39.8%) and suboptimal compliance (26.8%) were the two most common precipitating causes of DKA in both cohorts. Severity of DKA as assessed by pH, glucose and lactate at presentation was similar in both groups. Total insulin requirements and total DKA duration were the same (type 1 diabetes 13.9 units (9.1-21.9); type 2 diabetes 13.9 units (7.7-21.1); p=0.4638). However, people with type 2 diabetes had significantly longer hospital stay (type 1 diabetes: 3.0 days (1.7-6.1); type 2 diabetes: 11.0 days (5.0-23.1); p<0.0001).

    CONCLUSIONS: In this population, a quarter of DKA episodes occurred in people with type 2 diabetes. DKA in type 2 diabetes presents at an older age and with greater representation from ethnic minorities. However, severity of presentation and DKA duration are similar in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, suggesting that the same clinical management protocol is equally effective. People with type 2 diabetes have longer hospital admission.

    Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
  15. Fawzi NEA, Lazim NM, Aziz ME, Mohammad ZW, Abdullah B
    Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 2022 Feb;279(2):765-771.
    PMID: 33914150 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-06843-0
    BACKGROUND: The International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification (IFAC) is introduced to simplify the classification of different frontal cell variants based on their topographical structures. The objectives of our study were to determine the prevalence of the frontal cell variants according to IFAC and their association with the development of frontal sinusitis.

    METHODOLOGY: A retrospective chart review on computed tomography paranasal sinus (CTPNS) was conducted. A total of 200 patients who had clinical and endoscopic findings of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and undergone CTPNS were reviewed. The CTPNS was evaluated for the presence of frontal cell variants according to IFAC and mucosal changes consistent with frontal sinus involvement.

    RESULT: A total of 400 sides of the CTPNS were analyzed. The agger nasi cells (ANCs) were the most common (95.5%) followed by supra bulla cells (SBCs) (60.8%), supra bulla frontal cells (SBFCs) (53.0%), supra agger cells (SACs) (50.0%), supra agger frontal cells (SAFCs) (36.0%), frontal septal cells (FSCs) (8.3%), and supraorbital ethmoidal cells SOECs (5.5%). There was significant association between SOEC (p = 0.001) and FSC (p = 0.044) with the development of frontal sinusitis.

    CONCLUSIONS: Apart from ANCs, the posterior-based cells (SBCs and SBFCs) have higher prevalence than the anterior-based cells (SACs and SAFCs). Despite being the least, both SOECs and FSCs are significantly associated with frontal sinusitis.

    Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
  16. Lee JWW, Chiew YS, Wang X, Tan CP, Mat Nor MB, Cove ME, et al.
    Comput Methods Programs Biomed, 2022 Feb;214:106577.
    PMID: 34936946 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106577
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mechanical ventilation is the primary form of care provided to respiratory failure patients. Limited guidelines and conflicting results from major clinical trials means selection of mechanical ventilation settings relies heavily on clinician experience and intuition. Determining optimal mechanical ventilation settings is therefore difficult, where non-optimal mechanical ventilation can be deleterious. To overcome these difficulties, this research proposes a model-based method to manage the wide range of possible mechanical ventilation settings, while also considering patient-specific conditions and responses.

    METHODS: This study shows the design and development of the "VENT" protocol, which integrates the single compartment linear lung model with clinical recommendations from landmark studies, to aid clinical decision-making in selecting mechanical ventilation settings. Using retrospective breath data from a cohort of 24 patients, 3,566 and 2,447 clinically implemented VC and PC settings were extracted respectively. Using this data, a VENT protocol application case study and clinical comparison is performed, and the prediction accuracy of the VENT protocol is validated against actual measured outcomes of pressure and volume.

    RESULTS: The study shows the VENT protocols' potential use in narrowing an overwhelming number of possible mechanical ventilation setting combinations by up to 99.9%. The comparison with retrospective clinical data showed that only 33% and 45% of clinician settings were approved by the VENT protocol. The unapproved settings were mainly due to exceeding clinical recommended settings. When utilising the single compartment model in the VENT protocol for forecasting peak pressures and tidal volumes, median [IQR] prediction error values of 0.75 [0.31 - 1.83] cmH2O and 0.55 [0.19 - 1.20] mL/kg were obtained.

    CONCLUSIONS: Comparing the proposed protocol with retrospective clinically implemented settings shows the protocol can prevent harmful mechanical ventilation setting combinations for which clinicians would be otherwise unaware. The VENT protocol warrants a more detailed clinical study to validate its potential usefulness in a clinical setting.

    Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
  17. Islam MA, Alam F, Gan SH, Sasongko TH, Wan Ghazali WS, Wong KK
    Malays J Pathol, 2017 08;39(2):123-133.
    PMID: 28866693 MyJurnal
    BACKGROUND: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterised by thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) based on the Sydney criteria. We aimed to explore the clinico-laboratory features and treatment strategies of APS patients retrospectively.
    METHODOLOGY: The medical records of APS patients registered under Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (Kelantan state) between 2000 and 2015 were reviewed.
    RESULTS: A total of 17 APS subjects (age 40.7 ± 12.8 years) including 11 primary (64.7%) and six secondary APS (35.3%) patients were identified. The follow-up period was 9.5 ± 6.7 years with male:female ratio of 1.0:4.7. Pregnancy morbidity was the most common clinical manifestation (11/14; 78.6%) followed by recurrent venous thrombosis (10/17; 58.8%). For other clinical features, menorrhagia was the most frequently observed manifestation (4/14; 28.6%) followed by aPLs-associated thrombocytopenia (4/17; 23.5%) and ovarian cyst (3/14; 21.4%). LA and aCL were positive in 94.1% (16/17) and 81.8% (9/11) of the patients, respectively. APTT value (76.7 ± 17.0 sec) was significantly high (p < 0.05). Low intensity warfarin alone was successful to maintain target INR (2.0 - 3.0) and prevent recurrence of thrombosis.
    CONCLUSION: The tendency of pregnancy morbidity in this cohort of Malaysian Kelantanese APS patients was high compared to other previously reported APS cohorts. Low intensity warfarin was successful in preventing recurrence of thrombosis, however, APS women receiving long-term anticoagulants should be monitored for possible occurrence of menorrhagia and ovarian cysts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
  18. Ezamin, A.R., Hasyma, A.H., Suppiah, S., Suraini, M.S., Arifaizad, A., Paisal, Hussin, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Popliteal artery injury is the most disastrous intraoperative complication during total knee replacement. This study aims to determine the mean distance between the popliteal artery (PA) and the tibial plateau in normal and osteoarthritic patients who underwent Dual Energy CT Angiography (CTA) of the lower limb.
    Materials and Methods: All CTA lower limb examinations from January 2013 to October 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. The distance between the PA the tibial plateau distance and the thickness of popliteus muscle were electronically measured. We used modified Kellgren and Lawrence’s Classification to grade the osteoarthritis in patients who underwent CT examinations regardless of symptoms.
    Results: There were a total of 126 patients who underwent CTA (93 males and 33 females). 54 of them were Malays, 47 Indians, and 24 Chinese. The mean age of patients was 58 years (range 16 to 92). The mean PA-totibial plateau distance was 9.9 mm for the right lower limb (range 2.5 mm to 17.2 mm) and 10.24 mm for the left (range 5.5 mm to 15.4 mm). There were no significant correlations between PA-to-tibial plateau distance with osteoarthritis grade, age, gender, and racial origin (P > 0.05); however, there was a positive
    correlation between PA-to-tibial plateau distances with popliteus muscle thickness (P = 0.000).
    Conclusion: Osteoarthritic condition in the knee does not reduce the popliteal artery to the tibial plateau distance. Hence, a higher osteoarthritic grade does not impose additional risks with regards to popliteal artery to tibial plateau distance, with relatively similar arterial injury risks compared to normal knees.
    Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
  19. Ang CYS, Chiew YS, Wang X, Mat Nor MB, Cove ME, Chase JG
    Comput Biol Med, 2022 Dec;151(Pt A):106275.
    PMID: 36375413 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106275
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Respiratory mechanics of mechanically ventilated patients evolve significantly with time, disease state and mechanical ventilation (MV) treatment. Existing deterministic data prediction methods fail to comprehensively describe the multiple sources of heterogeneity of biological systems. This research presents two respiratory mechanics stochastic models with increased prediction accuracy and range, offering improved clinical utility in MV treatment.

    METHODS: Two stochastic models (SM2 and SM3) were developed using retrospective patient respiratory elastance (Ers) from two clinical cohorts which were averaged over time intervals of 10 and 30 min respectively. A stochastic model from a previous study (SM1) was used to benchmark performance. The stochastic models were clinically validated on an independent retrospective clinical cohort of 14 patients. Differences in predictive ability were evaluated using the difference in percentile lines and cumulative distribution density (CDD) curves.

    RESULTS: Clinical validation shows all three models captured more than 98% (median) of future Ers data within the 5th - 95th percentile range. Comparisons of stochastic model percentile lines reported a maximum mean absolute percentage difference of 5.2%. The absolute differences of CDD curves were less than 0.25 in the ranges of 5 

    Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
  20. Ong TK, Lim D, Singh M, Fial AV
    J Evid Based Dent Pract, 2022 Dec;22(4):101722.
    PMID: 36494117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2022.101722
    OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this review was to appraise the quality of evidence of the existing publications on IR, and to perform a meta-analysis on the treatment outcomes of IR.

    METHODS: The specific PIO questions were as follows: Population: Patients with periapical periodontitis either before or after non-surgical endodontic therapy.

    INTERVENTION: IR performed with retrograde preparation and retrograde filling.

    OUTCOMES: the healing, treatment complications, and the factors influencing these outcomes after IR. Electronic and hand searches were performed in the Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases. Two authors independently screened the titles and abstracts for eligibility. The risk of bias was performed using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool, and each study was rated as "Good", "Fair" or "Poor". The analyses were performed on the treatment outcome (healing and complications), and the factors influencing the outcome of the procedure.

    RESULTS: Fourteen articles were included in the qualitative and quantitative syntheses. One was a prospective cohort study, and the other 13 were retrospective cohort studies. Overall, the evidence of this review was of poor-to-fair quality. The pooled healing rate was 80.2%, and there was a 21.7% of complication rate. Longer follow-up period, the presence of perio-endo disease, the use of non-bioceramic material as retrograde filling, longer extraoral time, and maxillary molar were found to be associated with lower healing rates. However, the differences between the subgroups were not statistically significant.

    CONCLUSIONS: The present review showed IR yielded a good overall healing rate with a low complication rate. Taking the quality of evidence into account, more high-quality studies are required to evaluate the validity of the factors that may influence the treatment outcome of IR.

    Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
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