Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 276 in total

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  1. Fulltext Determining the Effect of Centrifugal Force on the Desired Growth and Properties of PCPDTBT as p-Type Nanowires
    Doris M, Aziz F, Alhummiany H, Bawazeer T, Alsenany N, Mahmoud A, et al.
    Nanoscale Res Lett, 2017 Dec;12(1):67.
    PMID: 28116608 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-1851-0
    In this study, low-bandgap polymer poly{[4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-cyclopenta-(2,1-b;3,4-b')dithiophen]-2,6-diyl-alt-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)-4,7-diyl} (PCPDTBT) nanostructures have been synthesized via a hard nanoporous alumina template of centrifugal process. Centrifuge has been used to infiltrate the PCPDTBT solution into the nanoporous alumina by varying the rotational speeds. The rotational speed of centrifuge is directly proportional to the infiltration force that penetrates into the nanochannels of the template. By varying the rotational speed of centrifuge, different types of PCPDTBT nanostructures are procured. Infiltration force created during the centrifugal process has been found a dominant factor in tuning the morphological, optical, and structural properties of PCPDTBT nanostructures. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images proved the formation of nanotubes and nanowires. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDX) analysis showed that the nanostructures were composed of PCPDTBT with complete dissolution of the template.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  2. Biomineralized Conductive PEDOT: PSS-Coated PLA/PHBV/HA Nanofibrous Membranes
    Hassan MI, Masnawi NN, Sultana N
    ASAIO J., 2017 9 14;64(3):415-423.
    PMID: 28901994 DOI: 10.1097/MAT.0000000000000655
    Conductive materials are potential candidates for developing bone tissue engineering scaffolds as they are nontoxic and can enhance bone tissue regeneration. Their bioactivity can be enhanced by depositing biomineralization in simulated body fluid (SBF). In the current study, a composite electrospun membrane made up of poly(lactic) acid, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), and hydroxyapatite was fabricated using an electrospinning method. The fabricated membranes were dip-coated with a conductive polymer solution, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(4-styrenesulfonate), to induce conductivity. Characterization of the membranes based on characteristics such as morphology, chemical bonding, and wettability was conducted using scanning electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and contact angle measurement. From the results, biomineralization of both coated and noncoated composite membranes was observed on the surface of nanofibers after 21 days in SBF. The membranes provide a superhydrophilic surface as shown by the contact angle. In conclusion, this biomimetic electrospun composite membrane could be used to further support cell growth for bone tissue engineering application.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  3. Fulltext Avascular Necrosis of the Hip in Primary Care
    Baharum NN, Ariffin F, Hanafiah M, Sulaiman SH
    Korean J Fam Med, 2021 Jan;42(1):84-87.
    PMID: 32447880 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.19.0021
    Avascular necrosis, or osteonecrosis of the femoral head, is a debilitating condition which leads to the destruction of the hip joint due to an interruption in the blood supply to the bony region and is most commonly due to trauma. The case discussed here has been highlighted as it presented as non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head with an absence of risk factors in a healthy adult male. A 37-year-old male presented with a 4-month history of recurrent left hip pain, which worsened with initiation of movement and weightbearing on the affected side. The patient was overweight but normotensive with a full range of movement of the hips bilaterally. There were no abnormalities detected on initial X-ray images of the left hip. However, due to the persistent pain and sclerotic changes in a subsequent X-ray, a magnetic resonance image of the bilateral hips was obtained, leading to the diagnosis of osteonecrosis of the bilateral femoral heads. Due to the lack of improvement with physiotherapy and analgesia, the patient was subjected to conservative surgery of the symptomatic left hip with concurring evidence of avascular necrosis based on intraoperative anatomical biopsy. This case emphasizes the importance of identifying underlying issues during history taking and physical examination in adults without risk factors. The early diagnosis of osteonecrosis assists in preventing joint collapse and can delay the requirement of joint replacements. High levels of suspicion are necessary to instigate investigation in persistent cases without the presence of risk factors.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  4. Electrospun poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)/silk fibroin film is a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering
    Ang SL, Shaharuddin B, Chuah JA, Sudesh K
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2020 Feb 15;145:173-188.
    PMID: 31866541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.149
    Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable polyesters produced by microorganisms, under unbalanced growth conditions, as a carbon storage compound. PHAs are composed of various monomers such as 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx). Silk fibroin (SF) derived from Bombyx mori cocoons, is a widely studied protein polymer commonly used for biomaterial applications. In this study, non-woven electrospun films comprising a copolymer of 3HB and 3HHx [P(3HB-co-3HHx)], SF and their blends were prepared by electrospinning technique. The growth and osteogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) were studied using different types of fabricated electrospun films. The differentiation study revealed that electrospun P(3HB-co-3HHx)/SF film supports the differentiation of hUC-MSCs into the osteogenic lineage, confirmed by histological analysis using Alizarin Red staining, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and quantitative real-time PCR analysis (qPCR). Electrospun P(3HB-co-3HHx)/SF film up-regulated the expression of osteogenic marker genes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN), by 1.6-fold and 2.8-fold respectively, after 21 days of osteogenic induction. In conclusion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hUC-MSCs were enhanced through the blending of P(3HB-co-3HHx) and SF. The results from this study suggest that electrospun P(3HB-co-3HHx)/SF film is a promising biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  5. Characteristics and performance of a mesoporous cerium-aluminum-silver mixed oxide for removal of methyl Violet Dye
    Phatai P, Srisomang R
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1477-1485.
    In this study, the adsorption efficiency of methyl violet (MV) dye onto Ce0.3Al0.7 and Ce0.3Al0.7Agx (x = 0.1, 0.3 & 0.5) mixed oxides was investigated. The properties of mixed oxide were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm, diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). Characterization showed that synthesized mixed oxide with fluorite has a pure cubic structure of a mesoporous nature and a small grain size with rough surface. Batch adsorption experiments were used to study parameters including contact time and initial dye concentration. The results showed that these parameters affected the degree of MV dye adsorption. The dye adsorption of mixed oxides attained equilibrium at 120 min. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms. The adsorption behavior of MV dye onto Ce0.3Al0.7 was found to follow the Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.9951), providing a maximum monolayer adsorptive capacity of 2.35 mg/g. Alternatively, the adsorption of MV dye onto Ce0.3Al0.7Ag0.1 (R2 = 0.7839), Ce0.3Al0.7Ag0.3 (R2 = 0.9301) and Ce0.3Al0.7Ag0.5 (R2 = 0.9396) followed the Freundlich isotherm. The possible adsorption mechanisms of MV dyes onto the Ce0.3Al0.7 and Ce0.3Al0.7Agx were also discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  6. Fulltext Mechanical activation of ultrafine cordierite: effect of grinding time
    Affendi, A.F., Hasmaliza, M., Srimala, S.
    Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2009;2009(1):247-254.
    MyJurnal
    In these studies, cordierite was mechanically synthesized after a sol-gel process. The effect of milling time of cordierite was investigated. Aluminium nitrate nonahydrate, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) were used as starting materials. Gels obtained were mechanically activated in planetary ball mill by at 300rpm grinding speed and grinding time (15min, 30min, 45min and 60min). Powders produced were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX). XRD analysis proved that α-cordierite was formed at lower temperature (1200°C) as compliment to without grinding, whereby it is formed at1300°C. FESEM analysis shows the size of the cordierite were in submicron scale. EDX analysis proved that magnesium, aluminium, silicon and oxygen are elements existed in cordierite.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  7. Facile sonochemical synthesis of Ag2O-guar gum nanocomposite as a visible light photocatalyst for the organic transformation reactions
    Balachandramohan J, Sivasankar T, Sivakumar M
    J Hazard Mater, 2020 03 05;385:121621.
    PMID: 31784127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121621
    Silver Oxide (Ag2O)-Guar gum nanocomposite was fabricated via a simple sonochemical co-precipitation method. The obtained photocatalyst was characterized with various techniques such as X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy along with energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy. The findings have demonstrated that Ag2O nanoparticles are spherical of 5-20 nm and were dispersed on the surface of polysaccharide guar gum to form Ag2O-guar gum nanocomposite. The as-synthesized nanocomposite was enacted as a competent photocatalyst for the reduction of nitrobenzene and oxidation of benzyl alchohol. The conversion efficiency for the reduction of nitrobenzene was 96 % with the addition of sodium borohydride, and the conversion of benzyl alcohol was 98 %. The highly efficient photocatalytic activity was due to the exceedingly dispersed Ag2O-guar gum nanocomposite where effective separation rate of energy driven electron-hole pairs and stronger light absorption occurs. The possible mechanism of the reactions was implicated in understanding the active species involved in the photocatalytic study.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  8. Fulltext A Homogeneous Breast Phantom Measurement System with an Improved Modified Microwave Imaging Antenna Sensor
    Islam MT, Samsuzzaman M, Islam MT, Kibria S, Singh MJ
    Sensors (Basel), 2018 Sep 05;18(9).
    PMID: 30189684 DOI: 10.3390/s18092962
    Microwave breast imaging has been reported as having the most potential to become an alternative or additional tool to the existing X-ray mammography technique for detecting breast tumors. Microwave antenna sensor performance plays a significant role in microwave imaging system applications because the image quality is mostly affected by the microwave antenna sensor array properties like the number of antenna sensors in the array and the size of the antenna sensors. In this paper, a new system for successful early detection of a breast tumor using a balanced slotted antipodal Vivaldi Antenna (BSAVA) sensor is presented. The designed antenna sensor has an overall dimension of 0.401λ × 0.401λ × 0.016λ at the first resonant frequency and operates between 3.01 to 11 GHz under 10 dB. The radiating fins are modified by etching three slots on both fins which increases the operating bandwidth, directionality of radiation pattern, gain and efficiency. The antenna sensor performance of both the frequency domain and time domain scenarios and high-fidelity factor with NFD is also investigated. The antenna sensor can send and receive short electromagnetic pulses in the near field with low loss, little distortion and highly directionality. A realistic homogenous breast phantom is fabricated, and a breast phantom measurement system is developed where a two antennas sensor is placed on the breast model rotated by a mechanical scanner. The tumor response was investigated by analyzing the backscattering signals and successful image construction proves that the proposed microwave antenna sensor can be a suitable candidate for a high-resolution microwave breast imaging system.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  9. Environmental evaluation and nano-mineralogical study of fresh and unsaturated weathered coal fly ashes
    Akinyemi SA, Gitari WM, Petrik LF, Nyakuma BB, Hower JC, Ward CR, et al.
    Sci Total Environ, 2019 May 01;663:177-188.
    PMID: 30711584 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.308
    Coal combustion and the disposal of combustion wastes emit enormous quantities of nano-sized particles that pose significant health concerns on exposure, particularly in unindustrialized countries. Samples of fresh and weathered class F fly ash were analysed through various techniques including X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), field-emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Raman Spectroscopy. The imaging techniques showed that the fresh and weathered coal fly ash nanoparticles (CFA-NPs) are mostly spherical shaped. The crystalline phases detected were quartz, mullite, ettringite, calcite, maghemite, hematite, gypsum, magnetite, clay residues, and sulphides. The most abundant crystalline phases were quartz mixed with Al-Fe-Si-K-Ti-O-amorphous phases whereas mullite was detected in several amorphous phases of Al, Fe, Ca, Si, O, K, Mg, Mn, and P. The analyses revealed that CFA-NPs are 5-500 nm in diameter and encapsulate several potentially hazardous elements (PHEs). The carbon species were detected as 5-50 nm carbon nanoballs of graphitic layers and massive fullerenes. Lastly, the aspects of health risks related to exposure to some detected ambient nanoparticles are also discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  10. Fulltext Electrochemical and Dry Sand Impact Erosion Studies on Carbon Steel
    Naz MY, Ismail NI, Sulaiman SA, Shukrullah S
    Sci Rep, 2015;5:16583.
    PMID: 26561231 DOI: 10.1038/srep16583
    This study investigated the dry and aqueous erosion of mild steel using electrochemical and dry sand impact techniques. In dry sand impact experiments, mild steel was eroded with 45 μm and 150 μm sand particles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and micro-hardness techniques were used to elaborate the surface morphology of the eroded samples. The results revealed significant change in morphology of the eroded samples. In-depth analysis showed that although the metal erosion due to larger particles was significantly higher, the fines also notably damaged the metal surface. The surface damages were appreciably reduced with decrease in impact angle of the accelerated particles. The maximum damages were observed at an impact angle of 90°. The hardness of the samples treated with 45 μm and 150 μm sand remained in the range of 88.34 to 102.31 VHN and 87.7 to 97.55 VHN, respectively. In electrochemical experiments, a triple electrode probe was added into the metal treatment process. The linear polarization resistance (LPR) measurements were performed in slurries having 5% (by weight) of sand particles. LPR of the samples treated with 45 μm and 150 μm sand slurries was calculated about 949 Ω.cm(2) and 809 Ω.cm(2), respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  11. Mass attenuation coefficients of natural Rhizophora spp. wood for X-rays in the 15.77-25.27 keV range
    Shakhreet BZ, Bauk S, Tajuddin AA, Shukri A
    Radiat Prot Dosimetry, 2009 Jul;135(1):47-53.
    PMID: 19482883 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncp096
    The mass attenuation coefficients (mu/rho) of Rhizophora spp. were determined for photons in the energy range of 15.77-25.27 keV. This was carried out by studying the attenuation of X-ray fluorescent photons from zirconium, molybdenum, palladium, silver, indium and tin targets. The results were compared with theoretical values for average breast tissues in young-age, middle-age and old-age groups calculated using photon cross section database (XCOM), the well-known code for calculating attenuation coefficients and interaction cross-sections. The measured mass attenuation coefficients were found to be very close to the calculated XCOM values in breasts of young-age group.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  12. Fulltext Dihydrotestosterone, a robust promoter of osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation: understanding of time-mannered and dose-dependent control of bone forming cells
    Thu HE, Mohamed IN, Hussain Z, Shuid AN
    Iran J Basic Med Sci, 2017 Aug;20(8):894-904.
    PMID: 29085581 DOI: 10.22038/IJBMS.2017.9111
    OBJECTIVES: The present study was aimed to evaluate the time-mannered and dose-dependent effects of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT) on the proliferation and differentiation of bone forming cells using MC3T3-E1 cells.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cell proliferation was analyzed using MTS and phase contrast microscopic assays. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed through a series of in vitro experiments including crystal violet staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and Van Gieson (VG) staining. Taken together, the efficiency of bone mineralization was examined by using alizarin red s (ARS) staining, Von Kossa staining, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis.

    RESULTS: The resulting data revealed that 5α-DHT exhibits promising potential particularly at a dose of 0.1 ng/ml, in promoting the growth of MC3T3-E1 cells compared to the control group (CN). Moreover, a significantly higher ALP activity was evident in the experimental group treated with 5α-DHT compared to the CN group at various time intervals. MC3T3-E1 cells treated with 5α-DHT also expressed a remarkably higher collagen deposition and mineralization (calcium and phosphate contents) compared to the CN group at various time intervals.

    CONCLUSION: Conclusively, we suggest that 5α-DHT exhibits outstanding potential of promoting proliferation and differentiation in osteoblasts which could be the in vitro basis for the efficacy of 5α-DHT in the treatment of androgen-deficient male osteoporosis.

    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  13. Fulltext An eight-week In Vivo study on the clinical signs of systemic toxicity and bone regenerative performance of composites containing beta tricalcium phosphate, hydrogel and melatonin in adult New Zealand rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
    Mohamed Abdelrasoul, Jahangir Bin Kamaldin, Jer Ping Ooi, Ahmed Abd El-Fattah, Gihan Kotry, Omneya Ramadan, et al.
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(102):38-45.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Melatonin (MEL) loaded alginate-chitosan/beta-tricalcium phosphate (Alg-CH/β-TCP) composite hy- drogel has been formulated as a scaffold for bone regeneration. MEL in the scaffold was anticipated to accelerate bone regeneration. The objective of this study is to observe signs of systemic toxicity and physical changes on surface defected bone for bone regenerative performance of the composite. Methods: The proximal-medial metaphyseal cortex of the left tibia of New Zealand white rabbit was the surgical site of the defect. A total of nine rabbits were randomly allocated to three groups; Group I; implanted with MEL loaded Alg-CH/β-TCP, Group II; Alg-CH/β-TCP and Group III defects were sham control. The rabbits were daily observed to determine systemic toxicity effects by composites. The physical changes to implanted site were observed using digital x-ray radiography and computerized tomography at weeks 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 of post-implantation. Results: There were no clinical signs of systemic toxicity for all groups of rabbits. Digital radiography did not show adverse effects to the bone. Computerized tomography showed reduction in the area size and depth volume of the implantation site, but accelerated regeneration within the 8 weeks was not significantly different (P
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  14. Fulltext Kashima operation: an endoscopic phonosurgery by laser for bilateral vocal cord palsy
    Alamgir Chowdhury, M., Farid Hossain Chowdhury, Khaled Bin Shahabuddin, Tofazzal Hossain, A.B.M., Shaila Kabir
    Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021;15(1):31-35.
    MyJurnal
    Complete or partial restriction of the vocal cords usually occurs due to cancer, neurologic causes or mechanical causes like huge neck mass, trauma to the neck, viral infection, and sometimes iatrogenic during surgery. Bilateral vocal cord palsy is a severe condition that can lead to significant problems in breathing, speaking, and swallowing. If any patient presents with stridor, it requires urgent surgical airway management followed by specific treatment. A case of viral bilateral abductor vocal cord palsy in a 41-year-old female is reported here. The patient presented with stridor, and immediate tracheostomy was done. The stridor developed first 3 months earlier followed by cold and fever for a week. The stridor worsened gradually and leads to a state of commencing immediate tracheostomy. There was no history of trauma to the neck or any neck surgery. All basic laboratory blood test was within the normal limit. The laryngoscopic examination showed both vocal cords were immobile and almost median position with a small gap at the posterior commissure. Chest and neck plain X-ray along with computed tomography scan of neck was normal which ruled out the other causes of bilateral vocal cord palsy. The patient subsequently underwent successful left posterior cordectomy by laser, and decannulation of tracheostomy was done, known as Kashima operation.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  15. Fulltext Nano-structural study of microfibrils in Acacia Mangium wood using small- angle x-ray scattering (SAXS)
    Tabet, Tamer A., Fauziah Abdul Aziz, Shahidan Radiman
    Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2007;2007(1):209-216.
    MyJurnal
    Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to investigate the nanostructure of the microfibrils of cell wall in Acacia Mangium wood. Parameters, such as the fibre length (L), surface area of the single fibre (S), the correspondence distance from the center of the fibre to the center of its neighbor and the shape of the fibre were determined as a function to the distance from pith towards the bark. The results indicate that the fibre length ranged from 53.44 nm to 13.72 nm from pith to bark. Surface area of the single fibre varied from 0.65 nm 2 to 4.36 nm 2 , the highest being found at the end of bark region. The mean value of the correspondence distance is 13.95 nm. Surface structure analysis from scattering graph showed a rod shape of fibre in the pith region of Acacia Mangium wood. The use of SAXS technique and scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs gives the most reliable dimensions values.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  16. Radioprotective activity of Polyalthia longifolia standardized extract against X-ray radiation injury in mice
    Jothy SL, Saito T, Kanwar JR, Chen Y, Aziz A, Yin-Hui L, et al.
    Phys Med, 2016 Jan;32(1):150-61.
    PMID: 26526749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2015.10.090
    The radioprotective effect of Polyalthia longifolia was studied in mice. P. longifolia treatment showed improvement in mice survival compared to 100% mortality in the irradiated mice. Significant increases in hemoglobin concentration, and red blood cell, white blood cell and platelet counts were observed in the animals pretreated with leaf extract. Pre-irradiation administration of P. longifolia leaf extract also increased the CFU counts of the spleen colony and increased the relative spleen size. A dose-dependent decrease in lipid peroxidation levels was observed in the animals pretreated with P. longifolia. However, although the animals pretreated with P. longifolia exhibited a significant increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, the values remained below normal in both liver and the intestine. Pre-irradiation administration of P. longifolia also resulted in the regeneration of the mucosal crypts and villi of the intestine. Moreover, pretreatment with P. longifolia leaf extract also showed restoration of the normal liver cell structure and a significant reduction in the elevated levels of ALT, AST and bilirubin. These results suggested the radioprotective ability of P. longifolia leaf extract, which is significant for future investigation for human applications in developing efficient, economically viable, non-toxic natural and clinically acceptable novel radioprotectors.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  17. Fulltext Effect of Temperature and Growth Time on Vertically Aligned ZnO Nanorods by Simplified Hydrothermal Technique for Photoelectrochemical Cells
    Mohd Fudzi L, Zainal Z, Lim HN, Chang SK, Holi AM, Sarif Mohd Ali M
    Materials (Basel), 2018 Apr 29;11(5).
    PMID: 29710822 DOI: 10.3390/ma11050704
    Despite its large band gap, ZnO has wide applicability in many fields ranging from gas sensors to solar cells. ZnO was chosen over other materials because of its large exciton binding energy (60 meV) and its stability to high-energy radiation. In this study, ZnO nanorods were deposited on ITO glass via a simple dip coating followed by a hydrothermal growth. The morphological, structural and compositional characteristics of the prepared films were analyzed using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). Photoelectrochemical conversion efficiencies were evaluated via photocurrent measurements under calibrated halogen lamp illumination. Thin film prepared at 120 °C for 4 h of hydrothermal treatment possessed a hexagonal wurtzite structure with the crystallite size of 19.2 nm. The average diameter of the ZnO nanorods was 37.7 nm and the thickness was found to be 2680.2 nm. According to FESEM images, as the hydrothermal growth temperature increases, the nanorod diameter become smaller. Moreover, the thickness of the nanorods increase with the growth time. Therefore, the sample prepared at 120 °C for 4 h displayed an impressive photoresponse by achieving high current density of 0.1944 mA/cm².
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  18. Sub kGy photon irradiation alterations in graphite
    Bradley DA, Nawi SNM, Khandaker MU, Almugren KS, Sani SFA
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2020 Jul;161:109168.
    PMID: 32321700 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109168
    Present work concerns polymer pencil-lead graphite (PPLG) and the potential use of these in elucidating irradiation-driven structural alterations. The study provides detailed analysis of radiation-induced structural interaction changes and the associated luminescence that originates from the energy absorption. Thermally stimulated emission from the different occupied defect energy levels reflects the received radiation dose, different for the different diameter PPLGs. The PPLG samples have been exposed to photon irradiation, specifically x-ray doses ranging from 1 to 10 Gy, extended to 30-200 Gy through use of a60Co gamma-ray source. Trapping parameters such as order of kinetics, activation energy and frequency factor are estimated using Chen's peak-shape method for a fixed-dose of 30 Gy. X-ray diffractometry was used to characterize the crystal structure of the PPLG, the aim being to identify the degree of structural order, atomic spacing and lattice constants of the various irradiated PPLG samples. The mean atomic spacing and degree of structural order for the different diameter PPLG are found to be 0.3332 nm and 26.6° respectively. Photoluminescence spectra from PPLG arising from diode laser excitation at 532 nm consist of two adjacent peaks, 602 nm (absorption) and 1074 nm (emission), with mean energy band gap values within the range 1.113-1.133 eV.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  19. Fulltext Characterization of the Acid-Base Character of Burned Clay Ceramics Used for Water Decontamination
    Sandu AV, Vasilache V, Sandu IG, Sieliechi JM, Kouame IK, Matasaru PD, et al.
    Materials (Basel), 2019 Nov 21;12(23).
    PMID: 31766445 DOI: 10.3390/ma12233836
    The paper presents the results of ample investigations performed on industrial and traditional ceramics of fired clay used in processes of water potabilization in the last stage of filtration, after that of active charcoal. Using the data obtained through the scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) and pH analyses, on the basis of the atomic composition and free concentration of hydronium ions, the normal caustic (Si/Al) and summative [(Si+Ti+FeIII+Cl)/(Al+Ca+Mg+Na+K)] modules were assessed, which were correlated with the free acidity and, respectively, the capacity of absorption and ionic exchange of the Fe3+ and Al3+ ions. The study allowed the selection, on the basis of the caustic module, of the ceramics with high capacity for ionic exchange.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
  20. Fulltext Low-energy plasma focus device as an electron beam source
    Khan MZ, Ling YS, Yaqoob I, Kumar NN, Kuang LL, San WC
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:240729.
    PMID: 25544952 DOI: 10.1155/2014/240729
    A low-energy plasma focus device was used as an electron beam source. A technique was developed to simultaneously measure the electron beam intensity and energy. The system was operated in Argon filling at an optimum pressure of 1.7 mbar. A Faraday cup was used together with an array of filtered PIN diodes. The beam-target X-rays were registered through X-ray spectrometry. Copper and lead line radiations were registered upon usage as targets. The maximum electron beam charge and density were estimated to be 0.31 μC and 13.5 × 10(16)/m(3), respectively. The average energy of the electron beam was 500 keV. The high flux of the electron beam can be potentially applicable in material sciences.
    Matched MeSH terms: X-Rays
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