Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 314 in total

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  1. Nisa CF, Bélanger JJ, Faller DG, Buttrick NR, Mierau JO, Austin MMK, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2021 05 06;11(1):9669.
    PMID: 33958617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88314-4
    This paper examines whether compliance with COVID-19 mitigation measures is motivated by wanting to save lives or save the economy (or both), and which implications this carries to fight the pandemic. National representative samples were collected from 24 countries (N = 25,435). The main predictors were (1) perceived risk to contract coronavirus, (2) perceived risk to suffer economic losses due to coronavirus, and (3) their interaction effect. Individual and country-level variables were added as covariates in multilevel regression models. We examined compliance with various preventive health behaviors and support for strict containment policies. Results show that perceived economic risk consistently predicted mitigation behavior and policy support-and its effects were positive. Perceived health risk had mixed effects. Only two significant interactions between health and economic risk were identified-both positive.
    Matched MeSH terms: Employment*
  2. Jawahir S, Tan EH, Tan YR, Mohd Noh SN, Ab Rahim I
    BMC Health Serv Res, 2021 Apr 27;21(1):391.
    PMID: 33906646 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-06412-5
    BACKGROUND: Provision of informal care may adversely affect health, daily and social activities of the informal caregivers, but few studies have examined these effects in relation to caregiving intensity. This study examined the predictive factors associated with the effects of caregiving roles on health, daily and social activities of informal caregivers, accounting for caregiving intensity.

    METHODS: Data of adults aged 18 years and over from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019 were used. Respondent's demographic, socioeconomic, health, and caregiving-related characteristics were described using complex samples analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the factors affecting health, daily and social activities of caregivers, accounting for caregiving intensity.

    RESULTS: Five point one percent of adults in Malaysia provided informal care. High intensity caregivers were more likely to be actively employed and provided longer duration of care compared with low intensity caregivers. For low intensity caregiving, females, those aged 35-59 years, and those with long-term condition were more likely to have negative effects on health. Daily activities of non-Malays were more likely to be affected, while no factor was found significantly associated with effect on social activities. For high intensity caregiving, caregivers aged 60 and over, those received training and those without assistance were more likely to have negative effects on health. Daily activities of those without assistance were more likely to be affected. Social activities of non-Malays, those received training and those providing care for 2 years or more were more likely to be affected.

    CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that both low- and high-intensity caregivers have common features, with the exception of employment status and care duration. Caregiving, regardless of intensity, has a significant impact on caregivers. In order to reduce the negative consequences of caregiving responsibilities, all caregivers need assistance from the community and government, that is customised to their needs. By addressing the factors contributing to the negative effects of caregiving, a continuation of informal caregiving can be sustained through policies supporting the growing demand for informal care necessitated by an ageing population and higher life expectancy in Malaysia.

    Matched MeSH terms: Employment*
  3. Awang H, Tan LY, Mansor N, Tongkumchum P, Eso M
    J Rehabil Med, 2017 Jun 28;49(6):520.
    PMID: 28617522 DOI: 10.2340/16501977-2233
    OBJECTIVE: To examine factors associated with successful return to work among participants in a Social Security Organisation Return To Work programme.

    METHODS: Secondary data for 9,850 participants were obtained from the Social Security Organisation Return To Work database. The dependent variable was the Return To Work programme outcome, successful return to employment (same employer or different employer) or unsuccessful return. Logistic regression analysis with weighted sum contrasts was performed to assess the odds ratios with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for successful return to employment across the various subgroups of participants.

    RESULTS: Overall, 65.5% of participants successfully returned to employment, either with their former employers or with new employers. Successful return to employment was found to be significantly higher than the overall proportion among those participants who had had commuting accidents, followed by those who had had workplace accidents. Successful return to employment was also associated with injuries of the upper and lower limbs, employers who were interested in hiring disabled workers, motivation to participate in the programme, an intervention period of 3 months or less, age 29 years or younger, and male participants.

    CONCLUSION: A structured multidisciplinary intervention programme provides a positive outcome in terms of returning to work. Related factors have various impacts on successful return to work.

    Matched MeSH terms: Employment/psychology*
  4. Afsharian A, Zadow A, Dollard MF, Dormann C, Ziaian T
    J Occup Health Psychol, 2018 Oct;23(4):496-507.
    PMID: 28857596 DOI: 10.1037/ocp0000101
    Psychosocial safety climate (PSC; climate for psychological health) is an organizational antecedent to work conditions articulated in the job demands-resources model. We responded to calls for broader consideration of organizational climate in terms of both climate level and strength. We tested PSC level and strength as main and interactive predictors of work conditions, psychological health, and engagement. Using multilevel analysis and cross-sectional data, the effects of unit-level PSC constructs were investigated in 21 hospital work units (n = 249 employees) in Australia. The correlation between PSC levels (measured at the unit mean) and PSC strength (measured as unit -1 × SD) was moderate and positive, suggesting that ceiling effects of PSC scores were not problematic. PSC level was a better predictor than PSC strength or their interactions for job demands (psychological and emotional demands), job resources (e.g., skill discretion and organizational support), and health (emotional exhaustion). For engagement, the interaction was significant-improving engagement, therefore, benefits from high levels of PSC and PSC strength within the work units. So, in answer to the research question regarding PSC theory extension, "it depends on the outcome." Research limitations are acknowledged, and the potential of the PSC model to guide the reduction of workplace psychosocial risk factors and the negative consequences is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
    Matched MeSH terms: Employment/psychology*
  5. Al-Qadasi N, Zhang G, Al-Jubari I
    PLoS One, 2021;16(9):e0257358.
    PMID: 34516592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257358
    This study assesses whether final-year undergraduate students at Sana'a University, Yemen intend to start their own business. The study employs the theory of planned behaviour and two environmental factors to explore whether the theory's behavioural factors and the contextual factors of Lüthje & Franke's model have an impact on students' intentions to start their own business. A questionnaire survey with a random sample of 335 final-year university students from the largest public university in Yemen has been conducted. Data has been analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation and structural equation modelling. The findings indicate that students' perceptions of entrepreneurship have a strong, direct impact on self-employment intention, excluding social norms and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Students' self-employment intention is directly affected by perceived barriers and support factors in the entrepreneurship-related context. To increase their entrepreneurial abilities, university students require more training and education to be able to start new businesses. Developing entrepreneurial skills among citizens may improve the societal norms of business. The outcomes provide significant implications for policymakers, academic communities and international bodies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Employment/psychology*
  6. Eteng AA, Abdul Rahim SK, Leow CY, Chew BW, Vandenbosch GA
    PLoS One, 2016;11(2):e0148808.
    PMID: 26890878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148808
    Q-factor constraints are usually imposed on conductor loops employed as proximity range High Frequency Radio Frequency Identification (HF-RFID) reader antennas to ensure adequate data bandwidth. However, pairing such low Q-factor loops in inductive energy transmission links restricts the link transmission performance. The contribution of this paper is to assess the improvement that is reached with a two-stage design method, concerning the transmission performance of a planar square loop relative to an initial design, without compromise to a Q-factor constraint. The first stage of the synthesis flow is analytical in approach, and determines the number and spacing of turns by which coupling between similar paired square loops can be enhanced with low deviation from the Q-factor limit presented by an initial design. The second stage applies full-wave electromagnetic simulations to determine more appropriate turn spacing and widths to match the Q-factor constraint, and achieve improved coupling relative to the initial design. Evaluating the design method in a test scenario yielded a more than 5% increase in link transmission efficiency, as well as an improvement in the link fractional bandwidth by more than 3%, without violating the loop Q-factor limit. These transmission performance enhancements are indicative of a potential for modifying proximity HF-RFID reader antennas for efficient inductive energy transfer and data telemetry links.
    Matched MeSH terms: Employment
  7. Rhaffor, Kauthar A., Nurul Hafieza Azizul, Rahim Jamian, Jum’azulhisham Abdul Shukor
    MyJurnal
    he practice of 5S has been adopted by many organizations as a method to organize the workplace towards reducing waste and improving productivity. Moreover, the practice also promotes a safe and efficient environment in organisations. As safety performance of the workplace is among the key issues in most industries including universities to become world class organizations, this study seeks to address empirically the impact of 5S practice on safety management performance. In this context, a survey questionnaire is employed and distributed to 60 employees of the selected university to examine the employees’ perception on the adoption of 5S practice as well as the impact of 5S practice towards safety management performance. The questionnaires were validated by a pilot test with an acceptable value of Cronbach's alpha. Overall findings highlight there was positive perceptions toward 5S practice among the respondents. The results also revealed that 5S Audit has a very strong positive correlation with safety management performance. Furthermore, 5S Training and Top Management Commitment were (2) factors that strongly correlated to safety management performance. These factors are highly important in contributing toward the success of safety management performance. Additionally, since most of the employees were not exposed with Occupational Safety and Health (OSH), this study reveals moderate negative correlation between compliance to OSH Requirements and safety management performance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Employment
  8. Jomo KS, Chowdhury A
    Development (Rome), 2020 Nov 16.
    PMID: 33223764 DOI: 10.1057/s41301-020-00262-0
    This review draws pragmatic lessons for developing countries to address COVID-19-induced recessions and to sustain a developmental recovery. These recessions are unique, caused initially by supply disruptions, largely due to government-imposed 'stay-in-shelter lockdowns'. These have interacted with falling incomes and demand, declining exports (and imports), collapsing commodity prices, shrinking travel and tourism, decreasing remittances and foreign exchange shortages. Highlighting implications for employment, wellbeing and development, it argues that governments need to design comprehensive relief measures and recovery policies to address short-term problems. These should prevent cash-flow predicaments from becoming full-blown solvency crises. Instead of returning to the status quo ante, developing countries' capacities and capabilities need to be enhanced to address long-term sustainable development challenges. Multilateral financial institutions should intermediate with financial sources at low cost to supplement the International Monetary Fund's Special Drawing Rights to lower borrowing costs for relief and recovery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Employment
  9. Ahmed JB, Salisu A, Pradhan B, Alamri AM
    Insects, 2020 Oct 24;11(11).
    PMID: 33114307 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110728
    Termite nests have long been suggested to be good indicators of groundwater but only a few studies are available to demonstrate the relationship between the two. This study therefore aims at investigating the most favourable spots for locating groundwater structures on a small parcel of land with conspicuous termite activity. To achieve this, geophysical soundings using the renowned vertical electrical sounding (VES) technique was carried out on the gridded study area. A total of nine VESs with one at the foot of a termitarium were conducted. The VES results were interpreted and assessed via two different techniques: (1) physical evaluation as performed by drillers in the field and (2) integration of primary and secondary geoelectrical parameters in a geographic information system (GIS). The result of the physical evaluation indicated a clear case of subjectivity in the interpretation but was consistent with the choice of VES points 1 and 6 (termitarium location) as being the most prospective points to be considered for drilling. Similarly, the integration of the geoelectrical parameters led to the mapping of the most prospective groundwater portion of the study area with the termitarium chiefly in the center of the most suitable region. This shows that termitaria are valuable landscape features that can be employed as biomarkers in the search of groundwater.
    Matched MeSH terms: Employment
  10. Normaz Wana Ismail, Siti Wardah Abd Rahman, Tengku Aizan Tengku Abdul Hamid, Rusmawati Said
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1345-1350.
    The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of aging on economic growth. The study used dynamic growth model and employed Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach for the period of 1980 to 2011. Three proxies for aging are used namely fertility rate, life expectancy and old dependency ratio. However, only fertility rate is detected to have a long run cointegration. The major finding of this study showed that a reduction of fertility rate lead to higher economic growth. This implied that even though Malaysia will face aging society by 2020, the economic growth is still stable and can increase by investing more on human capital.
    Matched MeSH terms: Employment
  11. Yan Z, Mansor ZD, Choo WC, Abdullah AR
    Psychol Res Behav Manag, 2021;14:185-197.
    PMID: 33633474 DOI: 10.2147/PRBM.S293839
    Background: The hospitality industry is deemed a great generator of global GDP and employment. However, high rates of voluntary turnover have gradually undermined global service organizations and brought huge losses to them. Nowadays, the hotel sector continues to be plagued by high turnover rates.

    Purpose: A research model investigating job attitudes (job satisfaction and organizational commitment) as mediators of the impact of psychological capital (PsyCap) on turnover intention and also examining position as a moderator between job attitudes and turnover intention was proposed and tested.

    Methods: This study collected data from 406 employees selected from four-star and five-star hotels in the southwest region of China. Online survey questionnaires and a purposive sampling technique were employed in this study. Structural equation modeling was utilized to evaluate the direct, mediating, and moderating effects.

    Results: The results showed that organizational commitment and job satisfaction fully mediated the association between PsyCap and turnover intention. Moreover, position played a moderating role on the effect of the aforementioned two job attitudes on turnover intention.

    Conclusion: The findings implied that hoteliers should focus on employees' PsyCap and job attitudes in order to mitigate serious turnover issues in the hotel sector in China. Besides, the fact that position resulted in disparity impacts in the formation of turnover intention was evidenced.

    Matched MeSH terms: Employment
  12. Asnawi ASFM, B Aziz S, M Nofal M, Hamsan MH, Brza MA, Yusof YM, et al.
    Polymers (Basel), 2020 Jun 26;12(6).
    PMID: 32604910 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061433
    In this study, the solution casting method was employed to prepare plasticized polymer electrolytes of chitosan (CS):LiCO2CH3:Glycerol with electrochemical stability (1.8 V). The electrolyte studied in this current work could be established as new materials in the fabrication of EDLC with high specific capacitance and energy density. The system with high dielectric constant was also associated with high DC conductivity (5.19 × 10-4 S/cm). The increase of the amorphous phase upon the addition of glycerol was observed from XRD results. The main charge carrier in the polymer electrolyte was ion as tel (0.044) < tion (0.956). Cyclic voltammetry presented an almost rectangular plot with the absence of a Faradaic peak. Specific capacitance was found to be dependent on the scan rate used. The efficiency of the EDLC was observed to remain constant at 98.8% to 99.5% up to 700 cycles, portraying an excellent cyclability. High values of specific capacitance, energy density, and power density were achieved, such as 132.8 F/g, 18.4 Wh/kg, and 2591 W/kg, respectively. The low equivalent series resistance (ESR) indicated that the EDLC possessed good electrolyte/electrode contact. It was discovered that the power density of the EDLC was affected by ESR.
    Matched MeSH terms: Employment
  13. Thor JA, Mazlan M, Waran V
    Brain Inj, 2021 07 03;35(8):949-956.
    PMID: 34096426 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2021.1934729
    PURPOSE: This study aims to describe the employment status and pattern among survivors of traumatic brain injury after motor vehicle accidents, and to explore the effects of demographic, injury variables and concomitant injuries on the employment status .

    METHOD: A retrospective analyses of 370 medical reports written for patients who sustained traumatic brain injury from motor vehicle accidents was conducted. To establish the employment pattern, the pre-injury employment history was compared to the latest employment status documented. Types and severity of concomitant injuries were rated according to Abbreviated Injury Scale criteria. All significant variables were further analyzed using logistic regression to explore predictors of employment.

    RESULTS: Up to 87% of the patients sustained concomitant injuries, with more than two-thirds (72%) scoring ≤ 2 on the Abbreviated Injury Scale. One hundred and eighty-two patients (49.2%) successfully returned to work. Among those who returned to work, 34% returned to former employment with pre-injury job description. Severity of traumatic brain injury, length of acute hospital stay, ambulation status and cognitive status were found to be significant predictive factors for employment status post traumatic brain injury. Presence of concomitant extremity injuries was found to influence the employment pattern among traumatic brain injury survivors.

    CONCLUSION: The return to work rate was somewhat low and was not influenced by presence of concomitant injuries. .

    Matched MeSH terms: Employment
  14. Cheah IG, Choo WY
    Med J Malaysia, 2016 06;71(Suppl 1):87-99.
    PMID: 27801391 MyJurnal
    The aim of this review was to summarise published literature on child abuse and neglect and its consequences in Malaysia, to discuss the implications of the research findings and to identify gaps in the local literature on child abuse and neglect. Medical and social literature in the English language published between the year 2000 to 2015 were searched for, resulting in forty four papers to be reviewed inclusive of a few key papers in the earlier years to provide some background information. The literature shows that child abuse and neglect is an important impact factor on mental health outcomes, involvement in substance abuse and delinquency due to the slant of the research interest from social studies. At least 70% of perpetrators are known to the affected children according to school-based prevalence studies. Safety programs and rehabilitation outcome studies involve small cohort groups. Studies on childhood mortality from child abuse or neglect are very limited. Overall, there are a few comprehensive studies involving school children but overall available studies are too patchy in to advocate for resource allocation, change in statutory procedures or training requirements. More extensive studies looking at the complex interaction of social environment, parenting skills, societal attitudes and responses, resilience factors and child safety nets and statutory response and their impact on different types of abuse or neglect are required.
    Matched MeSH terms: Employment
  15. Aziah, B.D., Rusli, B.N., Winn, T., Naing, L.
    MyJurnal
    A cross-sectional study of 71 laboratory technicians in Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH) Hospitals (response rate 89.9%) was conducted from September ZOO1 till February 2002. Seven MOH Hospitals in Kelantan were chosen. Karase job Content — Questionnaire (Malay Version) was used as research instrument in this study. There were five scales in the questionnaire; two scales were used to dehne job strain - decision latitude and psychological demands. Results showed that the majority of laboratory technicians in MOH Hospitah were classified as passive. However, the proportion of high strain group was the second highest after passive group. The percentage of laboratory technicians in MOH Hospitals which was classified as having a high job strain was 26.8%. The “high strain" group scored significantly higher for hazardous conditions, toxic exposures, total psychological stressors, total physical hazard, and total physical stressors as compared to the “non»high strain” group. Laboratory technicians in “high strain" group had significantly younger in age (18-34 years) group (42.1%) compared to those in “non·high strain" group (7.7%) and shorter total duration of employment (yr) ( 15 .3 x 6.8) compared to those in “non»high strain" group (19.2 x 6.7). We therefore conclude that less experienced and higher psychosocial factors at work experiencing higher job strain compared to those who were more experienced and less psychosocial factors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Employment
  16. Abdullahi M, Ngadi MA
    PLoS One, 2016;11(6):e0158229.
    PMID: 27348127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158229
    Cloud computing has attracted significant attention from research community because of rapid migration rate of Information Technology services to its domain. Advances in virtualization technology has made cloud computing very popular as a result of easier deployment of application services. Tasks are submitted to cloud datacenters to be processed on pay as you go fashion. Task scheduling is one the significant research challenges in cloud computing environment. The current formulation of task scheduling problems has been shown to be NP-complete, hence finding the exact solution especially for large problem sizes is intractable. The heterogeneous and dynamic feature of cloud resources makes optimum task scheduling non-trivial. Therefore, efficient task scheduling algorithms are required for optimum resource utilization. Symbiotic Organisms Search (SOS) has been shown to perform competitively with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The aim of this study is to optimize task scheduling in cloud computing environment based on a proposed Simulated Annealing (SA) based SOS (SASOS) in order to improve the convergence rate and quality of solution of SOS. The SOS algorithm has a strong global exploration capability and uses fewer parameters. The systematic reasoning ability of SA is employed to find better solutions on local solution regions, hence, adding exploration ability to SOS. Also, a fitness function is proposed which takes into account the utilization level of virtual machines (VMs) which reduced makespan and degree of imbalance among VMs. CloudSim toolkit was used to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed method using both synthetic and standard workload. Results of simulation showed that hybrid SOS performs better than SOS in terms of convergence speed, response time, degree of imbalance, and makespan.
    Matched MeSH terms: Employment
  17. Shah Rollah Abdul Wahab, Durrishah Idrus, Christopher J. Rees, Ishak Mad Shah
    MyJurnal
    Individual factors have been considered to be a key issue to organizations’ performance and survival. Specifically, previous studies provide evidence that individual factors are closely associated with accidents in the workplace. Therefore, this study seeks to investigate the relationship between individual factors and workplace safety. 50 respondents have been randomly chosen from a manufacturing company in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Data are collected using a survey and are analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. A descriptive statistic, cross tabulation, independent sample t-test and one-way between groups ANOVA are employed to interpret findings of the study. Findings show that employees’ perception on safety performance is at high level (Mean= 115, Standard Deviation= 17.73). Furthermore, the results of cross tabulation demonstrate that individual factors play a key role to determine the organization safety performance level. Another significant finding reveals that there is a significant difference of safety performance mean to two of individual factors namely gender and tenure of service. Individual factors namely gender, age, tenure of service and academic qualification give a significant impact to employees’ perception on safety performance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Employment
  18. Shanzay, A., Siddra, T. A., Warda, F., Sheeza, A., Maryam, A., Aina, S. Z., et al.
    MyJurnal
    Bacterial biofilms are a complex community of microbes in which the cells are embedded in a polysaccharide matrix.
    This slime is a mean of protection in hostile environments. Biofilms in hospital settings are perilous as they not only
    make treatment difficult, cause blockage of pipes but are also cause of serious nosocomial infections thus making their
    dispersal an even more important phenomenon. Any foaming method is not applicable at all places for the cleaning of
    biofilms hence biofilm dispersal by household sweep containing hydrochloric acid was checked using the microliter
    plate assay as dispersal strategy. Bacteria from hospital waste disposal pipes were isolated, its ability to form biofilm
    was noted under different time intervals and then finally biofilm degradation was done using different concentrations
    of household sweep. It was noted that household sweep can be successfully employed at many places especially waste
    disposal pipes and acid resistant tubes. Our results indicated that 20% sweep (HCl conc. 1%) if used for only one
    minute can reduce the biofilms to 50%. Similarly increasing contact time can reduce the biofilms further.
    Matched MeSH terms: Employment
  19. Sherina MS, Azlan HS
    Family Physician, 2003;12:12-14.
    The need to deliver teaching material in medical education using the internet is compelling in view of the many advantages that the internet provides. The internet has enabled organizations, in particular institutions of higher education to conduct various courses entirely electronically and without regard to physical geographical boundaries. The term CAL is used to denote the employment of the Internet for the delivery of teaching material, conduct of discussion, as;sessment of performance and interaction between students and teachers. This study reviews reports of the use and evaluation of Computer-Aided-Learning (CAL) in teaching various major disciplines in medicine.
    Matched MeSH terms: Employment
  20. Ahmad Z, Jaafar R
    JUMMEC, 1999;4(1):47-50.
    A survey of career choices was conducted for two batches of physicians applying for a medical speciality course in Malaysian medical schools. There were a total of 952 applications, with 477 males and 475 females. Surgery ranked highest, followed by obstetrics and gynaecology, fanlily medicine and orthopaedic surgery. The minor specialities of otorhinolaryngology, psychiatry and pathology were the least popular choices. Questionnaires were sent to a random sample of 250 physicians in each batch to note factors affecting their choices of speciality. A total of 359 physicians responded, giving a response rate of 71.8%. Fixed hours of work and the ability to have direct contact with patients were relatively important factors for choice of speciality. Working as a clinical consultant was the nlost popular nature of employment while worliing in the health office, service consultant in a public hospital, a non-clinical lecturer in a university hospital and working in a private clinic were less popular choices for these physicians. KEYWORDS: Career choice; medical speciality; doctors; Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Employment
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