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Detection of Coconut cadang-cadang viroid (CCCVd) in oil palm by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP)

Thanarajoo SS, Kong LL, Kadir J, Lau WH, Vadamalai G

J Virol Methods, 2014 Jun;202:19-23.
PMID: 24631346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.02.024

A reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) detected Coconut cadang-cadang viroid (CCCVd) within 60 min at 60 °C in total nucleic acid extracted from oil palm leaves infected with CCCVd. Positive reactions showed colour change from orange to green in the reaction mix after the addition of fluorescent reagent, and a laddering pattern band on 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. Conventional RT-PCR with LAMP primers produced amplicons with a sequence identical to the 297-nt CCCVd oil palm variant with the primers being specific for CCCVd and not for other viroids such as PSTVd and CEVd. RT-LAMP was found to be rapid and specific for detecting oil palm CCCVd.

Matched MeSH terms: Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods*
Fulltext Development of a reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assay for rapid and direct visual detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

Lau YL, Ismail IB, Mustapa NIB, Lai MY, Tuan Soh TS, Haji Hassan A, et al.

PLoS One, 2021;16(1):e0245164.
PMID: 33406112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245164

Rapid diagnosis is an important intervention in managing the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak. Real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) remains the primary means for diagnosing the new virus strain but it is time consuming and costly. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is an isothermal amplification assay that does not require a PCR machine. It is an affordable, rapid, and simple assay. In this study, we developed and optimized a sensitive reverse transcription (RT)-RPA assay for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 using SYBR Green I and/or lateral flow (LF) strip. The analytical sensitivity and specificity of the RT-RPA assay were tested by using 10-fold serial diluted synthetic RNA and genomic RNA of similar viruses, respectively. Clinical sensitivity and specificity of the RT-RPA assay were carried out using 78 positive and 35 negative nasopharyngeal samples. The detection limit of both RPA and RT-qPCR assays was 7.659 and 5 copies/μL RNA, respectively with no cross reactivity with other viruses. The clinical sensitivity and specificity of RT-RPA were 98% and 100%, respectively. Our study showed that RT-RPA represents a viable alternative to RT-qPCR for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, especially in areas with limited infrastructure.

Matched MeSH terms: Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods
Detection of high-risk HPV 16 genotypes in cervical cancers using isothermal DNA amplification with electrochemical genosensor

Nakowong P, Chatchawal P, Chaibun T, Boonapatcharoen N, Promptmas C, Buajeeb W, et al.

Talanta, 2024 Mar 01;269:125495.
PMID: 38043336 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125495

Cervical cancer emerges as the third most prevalent types of malignancy among women on a global scale. Cervical cancer is significantly associated with the persistent infection of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16. The process of diagnosing is crucial in order to prevent the progression of a condition into a malignant state. The early detection of cervical cancer through initial stage screening is of the utmost significance in both the prevention and effective management of this disease. The present detection methodology is dependent on quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), which necessitates the use of a costly heat cycler instrument. In this study, we report the development of an electrochemical DNA biosensor integrated with an isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) reaction for the detection and identification of the high-risk HPV-16 genotype. The electrochemical biosensor exhibited a high degree of specificity and sensitivity, as evidenced by its limit of detection (LOD) of 0.23 copies/μL of HPV-16 DNA. The validity of this electrochemical platform was confirmed through the analysis of 40 cervical tissues samples, and the findings were consistent with those obtained through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Our straightforward electrochemical detection technology and quick turnaround time at 75 min make the assay suitable for point-of-care testing in low-resource settings.

Matched MeSH terms: Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods
A visualized hybrid PCR-LAMP assay for the detection of human Plasmodium species

Lai MY, Ponnampalavanar SSS, Omar SFS, Lau YL

Acta Trop, 2024 Mar;251:107120.
PMID: 38199452 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107120

Combining the advantages of PCR and LAMP, we described a new technique, namely PCR-LAMP, for malaria diagnosis. The whole process of DNA amplification can be completed in 35 min. This hybrid amplification technique markedly improved the sensitivity of detection compared to the classic single PCR or LAMP assay alone. PCR-LAMP assay had a detection limit of 1 copy/µL for P. knowlesi and P. ovale, 0.1 copy/µL for P. vivax, P. falciparum and P. malariae, respectively. To facilitate the endpoint detection, xylenol orange was added. Positive samples were indicated in orange while negative reactions were violet. The inclusion of xylenol orange into the LAMP reaction mix significantly reduces the post-amplification workload. Without relying on the use of specific instruments, the color changes of the amplicons could be visualized directly through the naked eye. In conclusion, PCR-LAMP poses the potential to be developed as a new malaria molecular diagnosis tool.

Matched MeSH terms: Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods
Fulltext Rapid Detection of Plasmodium knowlesi by Isothermal Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay

Lai MY, Ooi CH, Lau YL

Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2017 Nov;97(5):1597-1599.
PMID: 28820700 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0427

In this study, we developed a recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay for specific diagnosis of Plasmodium knowlesi. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood samples using a commercial kit. With incubation at 37°C, the samples were successfully amplified within 20 minutes. The end product of RPA was further examined by loading onto agarose gel and a specific band was observed with a size of 128 bp. The RPA assay exhibited high sensitivity with limits of detection down to one copy of the plasmid. From the specificity experiments, it was demonstrated that all P. knowlesi samples (N = 45) were positive while other Plasmodium spp. (N = 42) and negative samples (N = 6) were negative. Therefore, the RPA assay is a highly promising approach with the potential to be used in resource-limited settings. This assay can be further optimized for bedside and on field application.

Matched MeSH terms: Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques*
Fulltext Specific, sensitive, and rapid diagnosis of active toxoplasmosis by a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method using blood samples from patients

Lau YL, Meganathan P, Sonaimuthu P, Thiruvengadam G, Nissapatorn V, Chen Y

J Clin Microbiol, 2010 Oct;48(10):3698-702.
PMID: 20660217 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00462-10

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), a rapid nucleic acid amplification method, was developed for the clinical diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Three LAMP assays based on the SAG1, SAG2, and B1 genes of Toxoplasma gondii were developed. The sensitivities and specificities of the LAMP assays were evaluated by comparison with the results of conventional nested PCR. The LAMP assays were highly sensitive and had a detection limit of 0.1 tachyzoite, and no cross-reactivity with the DNA of other parasites was observed. Blood was collected from 105 individuals to test the LAMP assays: 40 patients with active toxoplasmosis, 40 negative controls, and 25 patients with other parasitic infections. The SAG2-based LAMP (SAG2-LAMP) had a greater sensitivity (87.5%) than the SAG1-LAMP (80%), B1-LAMP (80%), and nested PCR (62.5%). All the LAMP assays and nested PCR were 100% specific. This is the first report of a study which applied the LAMP method to diagnose toxoplasmosis from human blood samples. Due to its simplicity, sensitivity, and specificity, LAMP is suggested as an appropriate method for routine diagnosis of active toxoplasmosis in humans.

Matched MeSH terms: Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods*
STR data for the AmpFlSTR Profiler loci from the three main ethnic population groups (Malay, Chinese and Indian) in Malaysia

Lim KB, Jeevan NH, Jaya P, Othman MI, Lee YH

Forensic Sci Int, 2001 Jun 01;119(1):109-12.
PMID: 11348801

Allele frequencies for the nine STRs genetic loci included in the AmpFlSTR Profiler kit were obtained from samples of unrelated individuals comprising 139-156 Malays, 149-153 Chinese and 132-135 Indians, residing in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/instrumentation; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods
A microdevice for rapid, monoplex and colorimetric detection of foodborne pathogens using a centrifugal microfluidic platform

Sayad A, Ibrahim F, Mukim Uddin S, Cho J, Madou M, Thong KL

Biosens Bioelectron, 2018 Feb 15;100:96-104.
PMID: 28869845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.08.060

Outbreaks of foodborne diseases have become a global health concern; hence, many improvements and developments have been made to reduce the risk of food contamination. We developed a centrifugal microfluidic automatic wireless endpoint detection system integrated with loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for monoplex pathogen detection. Six identical sets were designed on the microfluidic compact disc (CD) to perform 30 genetic analyses of three different species of foodborne pathogens. The consecutive loading, mixing, and aliquoting of the LAMP primers/reagents and DNA sample solutions were accomplished using an optimized square-wave microchannel, metering chambers and revulsion per minute (RPM) control. We tested 24 strains of pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp and Vibrio cholerae), with 8 strains of each bacterium, and performed DNA amplification on the microfluidic CD for 60min. Then, the amplicons of the LAMP reaction were detected using the calcein colorimetric method and further analysed via the developed electronic system interfaced with Bluetooth wireless technology to transmit the results to a smartphone. The system showed a limit of detection (LOD) of 3 × 10-5ngμL-1 DNA by analysing the colour change when tested with chicken meat spiked with the three pathogenic bacteria. Since the entire process was performed in a fully automated way and was easy to use, our microdevice is suitable for point-of-care (POC) testing with high simplicity, providing affordability and accessibility even to poor, resource-limited settings.

Matched MeSH terms: Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/economics; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/instrumentation*
Development of multiplex loop mediated isothermal amplification (m-LAMP) label-based gold nanoparticles lateral flow dipstick biosensor for detection of pathogenic Leptospira

Nurul Najian AB, Engku Nur Syafirah EA, Ismail N, Mohamed M, Yean CY

Anal Chim Acta, 2016 Jan 15;903:142-8.
PMID: 26709307 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.11.015

In recent years extensive numbers of molecular diagnostic methods have been developed to meet the need of point-of-care devices. Efforts have been made towards producing rapid, simple and inexpensive DNA tests, especially in the diagnostics field. We report on the development of a label-based lateral flow dipstick for the rapid and simple detection of multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification (m-LAMP) amplicons. A label-based m-LAMP lateral flow dipstick assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of target DNA template and a LAMP internal control. This biosensor operates through a label based system, in which probe-hybridization and the additional incubation step are eliminated. We demonstrated this m-LAMP assay by detecting pathogenic Leptospira, which causes the re-emerging disease Leptospirosis. The lateral flow dipstick was developed to detect of three targets, the LAMP target amplicon, the LAMP internal control amplicon and a chromatography control. Three lines appeared on the dipstick, indicating positive results for all representative pathogenic Leptospira species, whereas two lines appeared, indicating negative results, for other bacterial species. The specificity of this biosensor assay was 100% when it was tested with 13 representative pathogenic Leptospira species, 2 intermediate Leptospira species, 1 non-pathogenic Leptospira species and 28 other bacteria species. This study found that this DNA biosensor was able to detect DNA at concentrations as low as 3.95 × 10(-1) genomic equivalent ml(-1). An integrated m-LAMP and label-based lateral flow dipstick was successfully developed, promising simple and rapid visual detection in clinical diagnostics and serving as a point-of-care device.

Matched MeSH terms: Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques
Real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of human papillomavirus 16 in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Hamzan NI, Ab Rahman N, Suraiya S, Mohamad I, George Kalarakkal T, Mohamad S

Arch Oral Biol, 2021 Apr;124:105051.
PMID: 33581498 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105051

OBJECTIVE: The present study established a real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (qLAMP) for rapid detection of human papillomavirus subtype 16 (HPV-16) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
METHODS: The qLAMP assay was optimized targeting the HPV-16 E7 gene. The analytical sensitivity and specificity of the assay were determined using HPV-18 (ATCC® 45152D™), HPV-35 (ATCC® 40330™), HPV-43 (ATCC® 40338™) and HPV-56 (ATCC® 40549™) viral strains and oral bacteria. HPV-16 standard curve was constructed for determination of HPV-16 viral load. The diagnostic performance of the assay was evaluated from 63 OSCC patients comprising 63 tissue, 13 saliva and 49 blood samples, in comparison with p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC), in-house PCR and nested PCR assays.
RESULTS: The detection limit of developed LAMP and PCR assays was 4.68 × 101 and 4.68 × 103 copies/μl, respectively. qLAMP assay enabled detection of positive results as early as 23 min at 67 °C. This assay can detect HPV-16 positivity in 23 % (3/13) saliva and 4.8 % (3/63) tissue samples with the viral load ranging from 4.68 × 101 to 4.68 × 104 copies/μl. HPV-16 positivity was not detected in all the blood samples. The sensitivity and specificity of qLAMP were 100 % in comparison with that of p16 IHC and nested PCR.
CONCLUSION: This study reports for the first time on the use of qLAMP assay for detection of HPV-16 in OSCC in both tissue and saliva as the sample matrix which holds promise in improving the diagnostic application owing to its rapidity, simplicity, high sensitivity and specificity.

Matched MeSH terms: Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques
Fulltext Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific DNA marker using MAMA-PCR

Chin Kai Ling, Jaeyres Jani, Zainal Arifin Mustapha

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(106):36-36.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB), commonly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is one of the ten leading causes of death worldwide. The gold standard, microbiological culture for detection and differentiation of mycobac-teria are time-consuming and laborious. The use of fast, easy and sensitive nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for diagnosis of TB remains challenging because there is a high degree of homology within Mtb complex (MTBC) members and absence of target genes in the genome of some strains. This study aimed to identify new candidate genetic marker and to design specific primers to detect Mtb using in silico methods. Methods: Using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) program, Mtb H37Rv chromosome reference genome sequence was mapped with other MTBC members and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at Rv1970 was found to be specific only for Mtb strains. Mismatch amplification mutation assay (MAMA) combine with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used as an alternative method to detect the point mutation. MAMA primers targeting the SNP were designed using Primer-BLAST and the PCR assay was optimized via Taguchi method. Results: The assay amplified a 112 bp gene fragment and was able to detect all Mtb strains, but not the other MTBC members and non-tuberculous Mycobacte-ria. The detection limit of the assay was 60 pg/μl. Conclusion: Bioinformatics has provided predictive identification of many new target markers. The designed primers were found to be highly specific at single-gene target resolution for detection of Mtb.

Matched MeSH terms: Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques
Fulltext Development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for the detection of speB gene in invasive Streptococcus pyogenes clinical isolates

Azi Simon Onyema, Leslie Than Thian Lung, Suresh Kumar, Rukman Awang Hamat

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(106):1-1.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Group A streptococcus (GAS) is responsible for high morbidity and mortality globally. Hence, the need to develop sensitive, reliable and cost- effective method of detection is crucial. In this study, we developed a visual detection method for the common virulence gene, streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B (speB) involved in invasive GAS diseases using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with fluorescent detection dye (calcein). Meth-ods: The LAMP reaction was optimized at 63°C for 35 minutes using five sets of primer designed with LAMP primer V5 software. When the dye was added prior to amplification, samples with speB DNA developed a characteristic green color after the reaction, but no color reactions were observed in samples with DNAs of non-GAS isolates. De-tection of speB by LAMP assay was done among 43 clinical isolates of blood, pus, wound, tissue and throat samples and ATCCs for controls. Our findings were further reconfirmed by subjecting the LAMP products to 0.5% gel electro-phoresis. Results: The detection limit of this LAMP assay for speB was 10-7 ng/μl of genomic DNA per reaction, which was 10,000-fold more sensitive than conventional PCR 10-3 ng/μl. All 100 % samples were positive for speB gene by LAMP, and 93% by conventional PCR method. Conclusion: LAMP assay could offer remarkably high sensitivity, specificity, repeatability, reliability, affordability, and visibility; it is appropriate for rapid detection of speB in Group A streptococci (GAS) as a point of care testing.

Matched MeSH terms: Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques
Fulltext Optimization of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene in two Bornean fanged frogs

Ramlah Zainudin, Augustine Gawin, Dency Flenny

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2011;19(1):57-66.
MyJurnal

Limnonectes kuhlii and Limnonectes leporinus are two of the Bornean fanged frogs (without advertisement call) which are widely distributed, thus thought to exhibit different evolutionary lineages and the existence of genetically cryptic species. Yet, the two species are still under study especially at the molecular level. Hence, cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) of mitochondrial gene was used to investigate suitable parameters for DNA amplification using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Three PCR programmes (varied in the temperatures and period of each PCR step) were employed to identify the most efficient parameters in amplifying PCR products for both species. From the three programmes, Programme B (Initial denaturation: 96°C for 5 min; denaturation: 95°C for 45 sec; annealing: 48-53°C for 1 min 30 sec; extension: 72°C for 1 min 30 sec; final extension: 72°C for 10 min, 30 cycles) showed the highest percentage (53%) of optimal PCR products. The other two programmes showed non-specific products or “primer-dimers”. The results also suggest that the annealing temperature of 52°C, 0.025-0.05 units/µl of 1.5mM Taq polymerase, 0.04 mM of
dNTPs mix and optimal concentrations of magnesium in 50 µl of reaction mixture were sufficient enough to amplify high quality PCR products for both species. However, using Programme B, the re-amplification of the PCR products yielded “primer-dimer”. In addition, a ‘Hot-Start’ PCR method was also applied and mostly yielded in an optimal PCR amplification. Nevertheless, further research on the second amplification of the two species should be conducted to determine the causes of the primer-dimer production.

Matched MeSH terms: Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques
Fulltext Real-time reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2

Lau YL, Ismail I, Mustapa NI, Lai MY, Tuan Soh TS, Hassan A, et al.

PeerJ, 2020;8:e9278.
PMID: 32547882 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9278

Background: Highly sensitive real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) methods have been developed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. However, they are costly. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay has emerged as a novel alternative isothermal amplification method for the detection of nucleic acid.
Methods: A rapid, sensitive and specific real-time reverse transcription LAMP (RT-LAMP) assay was developed for SARS-CoV-2 detection.
Results: This assay detected one copy/reaction of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 30 min. Both the clinical sensitivity and specificity of this assay were 100%. The RT-LAMP showed comparable performance with RT-qPCR. Combining simplicity and cost-effectiveness, this assay is therefore recommended for use in resource resource-limited settings.

Matched MeSH terms: Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques
Dual-Functional Tetrahedron Multivalent Aptamer Assisted Amplification-Free CRISPR/Cas12a Assay for Sensitive Detection of Salmonella

Qiao Z, Xue L, Sun M, Ma N, Shi H, Yang W, et al.

J Agric Food Chem, 2024 Jan 10;72(1):857-864.
PMID: 38134022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07582

Salmonellosis continues to impose a significant economic burden globally. Rapid and sensitive detection of Salmonella is crucial to preventing the outbreaks of foodborne illnesses, yet it remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a dual-functional tetrahedron multivalent aptamer assisted amplification-free CRISPR/Cas12a assay was developed for Salmonella detection. In the system, the aptamer was programmatically assembled on the tetrahedral DNA nanostructure to fabricate a multivalent aptamer (TDN-multiApt), which displayed a 3.5-fold enhanced avidity over the monovalent aptamer and possessed four CRISPR/Cas12a targeting fragments to amplify signal. Therefore, TDN-multiApt could directly activate Cas12a to achieve the second signal amplification without any nucleic acid amplification. By virtue of the synergism of high avidity and cascaded signal amplifications, the proposed method allowed the ultrasensitive detection of Salmonella as low as 7 cfu mL-1. Meanwhile, this novel platform also exhibited excellent specificity against target bacteria and performed well in the detection of various samples, indicating its potential application in real samples.

Matched MeSH terms: Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques
Fulltext Loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of generic and verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli among indigenous individuals in Malaysia

Teh CS, Chua KH, Lim YA, Lee SC, Thong KL

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:457839.
PMID: 24967435 DOI: 10.1155/2014/457839

We have successfully developed a Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay that could specifically detect generic Escherichia coli (E. coli). This assay was tested on 85 bacterial strains and successfully identified 54 E. coli strains (average threshold time, Tt = 21.26). The sensitivity of this assay was evaluated on serial dilutions of bacterial cultures and spiked faeces. The assay could detect 10(2) CFU/mL for bacterial culture with Tt = 33.30 while the detection limit for spiked faeces was 10(3) CFU/mL (Tt = 31.12). We have also detected 46 generic E. coli from 50 faecal samples obtained from indigenous individuals with 16% of the positive samples being verocytotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC) positive. VT1/VT2 allele was present in one faecal sample while the ratio of VT1 to VT2 was 6 : 1. Overall, our study had demonstrated high risk of VTEC infection among the indigenous community and most of the asymptomatic infection occurred among those aged below 15 years. The role of asymptomatic human carriers as a source of dissemination should not be underestimated. Large scale screening of the VTEC infection among indigenous populations and the potential contamination sources will be possible and easy with the aid of this newly developed rapid and simple LAMP assay.

Matched MeSH terms: Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods*
Rapid detection of Salmonella Typhi by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method

Abdullah J, Saffie N, Sjasri FA, Husin A, Abdul-Rahman Z, Ismail A, et al.

Braz J Microbiol, 2014;45(4):1385-91.
PMID: 25763045

An in-house loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction was established and evaluated for sensitivity and specificity in detecting the presence of Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) isolates from Kelantan, Malaysia. Three sets of primers consisting of two outer and 4 inner were designed based on locus STBHUCCB_38510 of chaperone PapD of S. Typhi genes. The reaction was optimised using genomic DNA of S. Typhi ATCC7251 as the template. The products were visualised directly by colour changes of the reaction. Positive results were indicated by green fluorescence and negative by orange colour. The test was further evaluated for specificity, sensitivity and application on field samples. The results were compared with those obtained by gold standard culture method and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). This method was highly specific and -10 times more sensitive in detecting S. Typhi compared to the optimised conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.

Matched MeSH terms: Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods*
Fulltext Specific, sensitive and rapid detection of human plasmodium knowlesi infection by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) in blood samples

Lau YL, Fong MY, Mahmud R, Chang PY, Palaeya V, Cheong FW, et al.

Malar J, 2011;10:197.
PMID: 21774805 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-10-197

The emergence of Plasmodium knowlesi in humans, which is in many cases misdiagnosed by microscopy as Plasmodium malariae due to the morphological similarity has contributed to the needs of detection and differentiation of malaria parasites. At present, nested PCR targeted on Plasmodium ssrRNA genes has been described as the most sensitive and specific method for Plasmodium detection. However, this method is costly and requires trained personnel for its implementation. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), a novel nucleic acid amplification method was developed for the clinical detection of P. knowlesi. The sensitivity and specificity of LAMP was evaluated in comparison to the results obtained via microscopic examination and nested PCR.

Matched MeSH terms: Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods*
Fulltext A simple, high-throughput, colourimetric, field applicable loop-mediated isothermal amplification (HtLAMP) assay for malaria elimination

Britton S, Cheng Q, Sutherland CJ, McCarthy JS

Malar J, 2015;14:335.
PMID: 26315027 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0848-3

To detect all malaria infections in elimination settings sensitive, high throughput and field deployable diagnostic tools are required. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) represents a possible field-applicable molecular diagnostic tool. However, current LAMP platforms are limited by their capacity for high throughput.

Matched MeSH terms: Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods*
Urine as a diagnostic specimen for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in Malaysia by ligase chain reaction

Gaydos CA, Ngeow YF, Lee HH, Canavaggio M, Welsh LE, Johanson J, et al.

Sex Transm Dis, 1996 9 1;23(5):402-6.
PMID: 8885072

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Noninvasive urine screening for Chlamydia trachomatis infections offers a valuable public health tool, which could be of vast importance in chlamydial control programs. The authors evaluated a new DNA amplification method, ligase chain reaction (LCR).
GOALS: The goal was to ascertain whether urine testing could be used as screening method to detect C. trachomatis infections in commercial sex workers, patients at sexually transmitted diseases clinic, and asymptomatic patients in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
METHODS: First-void urine specimens from 300 men and 300 women were tested by LCR, as well as by a commercially available enzyme immunoassay. The LCR assay amplifies specific sequences within the chlamydial plasmid with ligand-labeled probes, and the resultant amplicons are detected by an automated immunoassay. Specimens with discrepant results were confirmed by another LCR of the specimen that targeted the gene for the major outer membrane protein (OMP1).
RESULTS: There were 31 LCR-positive male urine and 37 LCR-positive female urine specimens. The resolved sensitivity and specificity for the LCR of the male urine specimens were 100% and 99.6%, respectively, whereas for female urine specimens, the sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 98.5%, respectively. After resolution of discrepant test results by OMP1 LCR, the prevalence was 10% for men and 11% for women. The urine enzyme immunoassay was not useful in diagnosing C. trachomatis infections in either men or women, as the resolved sensitivities were 10% and 15.2%, respectively. The specificities were 99.6% for men and 98.9% for women.
CONCLUSIONS: Testing first-void urine specimens by LCR is a highly sensitive and specific method to diagnose C. trachomatis infections in men and women, providing health care workers and public health officials with a new molecular amplification assay that uses noninvasive urine specimens for population-based screening purposes.

Matched MeSH terms: Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques*

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