Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 219 in total

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  1. Mohd Ghazali RJ
    ISBN: 983-3038-10-7
    Citation: Mohd Ghazali RJ. A study on the adequacy of outpatient management of essential hypertension in MOH hospitals and health centres. Kuala Lumpur: Institute of Health Management, Ministry of Health, Malaysia; 2006
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatients
  2. Rozi NRB, Bin Wan Ali WASR, Bin Draman CR, Pasi HB, Rathor MY
    Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl, 2022 Sep 01;33(5):664-673.
    PMID: 37955458 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.389426
    The role of end-of-life care is fundamental for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, who are known to have a high morbidity and mortality rate despite being on dialysis. This requires effective communication and shared decision-making. Thus, exploring patients' knowledge and perceptions is essential to improve the gaps in delivering end-of-life care. This study aimed to describe the knowledge and perceptions of end-of-life care among ESRD patients on hemodialysis (HD). This was a cross-sectional study involving 14 outpatient HD centers in Kuantan, Malaysia. Patients were recruited from March to June 2019. A validated questionnaire was delivered via interview-based surveys by the researcher or trained interviewers. The majority of the respondents had poor knowledge of the disease and end-of-life care. However, more than 70% of the respondents felt that it was important for them to be actively involved in medical decision-making, as well as being prepared and planning for death. End-of-life needs, which included management of symptoms and psychological, social, and spiritual support, were important to most respondents. Additionally, patients with higher educational backgrounds were observed to have higher scores for both knowledge and perceptions (P <0.05). The study found poor knowledge but acceptable perceptions among patients. This highlights the gaps in the current local approach in clinical practice to end-of-life care in ESRD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatients
  3. Lim PC, Chung YY, Tan SJ, Wong TY, Permalu DD, Cheah TK, et al.
    Daru, 2021 Jun;29(1):125-132.
    PMID: 33538999 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-021-00389-6
    BACKGROUND: Millions worth of unused drugs particularly those indicated for chronic diseases such as diabetes were returned and disposed leading to substantial wastage. Use of patients' own medications (POMs) in the inpatient setting has reduced wastage and saved cost. The impact of utilizing POMs in the outpatient setting has hitherto not been determined.

    PURPOSE: This study aims to compare the cost, medication adherence and glycaemic control of utilizing POMs versus usual dispensing.

    METHODS: Prospective randomized controlled study was conducted among diabetic patients that required monthly medication refill in the Outpatient Pharmacy in 2017. Patients who consented were equally divided into POMs and control groups. Both groups brought excess medications from home at week-0 and week-12. Patients in the POMs group brought excess medications monthly and sufficient amount of drugs were added until the next refill date. Drugs were dispensed as usual in the control group. Total cost consisting of the cost of drugs, staff and building was calculated. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured at baseline and week-12. Adherence was measured based on pill counting.

    RESULTS: Thirty patients aged 56.77 ± 14.67 years with 13.37 ± 7.36 years of diabetes participated. Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups. POMs minimized the total cost by 38.96% which translated to a cost saving of USD 42.76 ± 6.98, significantly different versus USD 0.02 ± 0.52 in the control group, p = 0.025. Mean HbA1c reduced significantly (-0.79%, p = 0.016) in the POMs group but not significant in the control group (-0.11%, p = 0.740). Medication adherence improved significantly in both groups at week-12 (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatients
  4. Perumall VV, Harun R, Sellamuthu P, Shah MSM
    Asian J Neurosurg, 2017 4 18;12(1):112-115.
    PMID: 28413551 DOI: 10.4103/1793-5482.144197
    Metastatic tumors are the most common mass lesions in the brain. This case reports a rare form of sarcoma with metastasis to the brain. The appropriate management of a patient with metastatic alveolar soft part sarcoma to the brain is discussed. Author describes a 32-year-old gentleman diagnosed with primary tumor at gluteus and distant metastases at lower lobe of right lung and the brain. Histopathology proves diagnosis as alveolar soft part sarcoma. Craniotomy with excision of brain lesion was done. Repeated magnetic resonance imaging of the brain after 2 months showed rapidly growing new lesions. The next step of management was made by the oncology team as recurrence rate was high and due to multi-systemic involvement. Patient was planned for palliative chemotherapy and to be reassessed later. This case report discusses the appropriate approach to any form of brain metastases and the role of early follow-up especially after surgery for better outcome and choice of post operative management such as radiotherapy or chemotherapy or both for malignant tumors. Based on this report, it was concluded that every brain tumor patient should be frequently monitored even in the outpatient setting as most of them are metastatic and rapidly spreading. The patient should be considered for radiotherapy or chemotherapy or both after surgery if the histopathology result is suggestive of malignancy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatients
  5. Razali SM, Yusoff MZ
    East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 2014 Jun;24(2):68-74.
    PMID: 24986201
    Objective: Adherence to medication is essential for maximising the outcomes of patients with schizophrenia as the consequences of poor adherence are devastating. The study aimed to compare medication adherence between patients with relapse schizophrenia and those attending psychiatric follow-up clinics, and to determine the factors affecting adherence.
    Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 70 patients with schizophrenia who were divided equally into 2 groups. Medication adherence was assessed with the Medication Adherence Rating Scale. Appropriate instruments were used to measure insight, social support, and psychopathology. Various socio-demographic and clinical variables were explored to find associations with medication adherence.
    Results: Medication adherence among patients with schizophrenia was poor; 51% of the patients did not adhere to a medication regimen. Adherence was better in outpatients with schizophrenia (61%) than in relapse cases (39%), although the difference was not statistically significant (t = 1.70; p = 0.09). Besides, relapse patients had significant higher number of admission (X2 = 22.95; p < 0.05) and severe psychopathology (t = –29.96; p < 0.05), while perceived social support was significantly better in outpatients with schizophrenia (t = 2.90; p < 0.05). Frequency of admission (adjusted b = –0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.99 to -0.10; p < 0.05) and psychopathology (adjusted b = –0.12; 95% CI, -0.24 to -0.01; p < 0.05) were also significantly associated with medication adherence.
    Conclusion: Medication adherence among both groups of patients with schizophrenia was poor. If adherence is addressed appropriately, the number of admissions and severity of psychopathology could be improved.
    Key words: Patient compliance; Psychopathology; Schizophrenia; Social support
    Study site: Psychiatric clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM)
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatients/psychology*
  6. Aishvarya S, Maniam T, Karuthan C, Sidi H, Nik Jaafar NR, Oei TP
    Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S101-6.
    PMID: 23602389 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.03.010
    The present study evaluated the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) in a sample of clinical outpatients in Malaysia. The SWLS is a measure designed to assess subjective life satisfaction. Four hundred eighty-three participants (283 with psychiatric illnesses and 200 with other medical illnesses) completed the SWLS and other self-report instruments. Results of the EFA and CFA supported the fit for the one-factor model as the best-fitting model. The internal consistency of the SWLS (α=0.86) was found to be high. Correlational analyses showed that SWLS had adequate concurrent validity. Scores on SWLS, which differentiated psychiatric patients and medical patients, supported criterion validity. The logistic regression analyses showed good discriminative validity of SWLS. The SWLS is a reliable and valid instrument to measure the satisfaction with life among psychiatry and clinical outpatients in Malaysia.
    Study site: medical and psychiatric clinics, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatients/psychology*
  7. Imran A, Azidah AK, Asrenee AR, Rosediani M
    Med J Malaysia, 2009 Jun;64(2):134-9.
    PMID: 20058573 MyJurnal
    Depression among elderly primary care patients is a serious problem with significant morbidity and mortality. This is a cross sectional study to determine the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among the elderly patients attending the outpatient clinic, Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital. This study utilized Malay version Geriatric Depression Scale 14 (M-GDS 14) to screen for elderly depression among Malaysian population. It also looked into associated risk factors for elderly depression using sociodemographic, family dynamics, and medically related questionnaires. Out of 244 subjects, 34 or 13.9% were found to have depression. Three variables were found to be significantly associated with depression. Elderly patient with any illness that limits the patient's activity or mobility has more risk of developing depression (OR 2.68 CI 1.15 - 6.24). Elderly patients who were satisfied with their personal incomes (OR 0.29 CI 0.10 - 0.85), and who had children or son/daughter-in-law to take care of them when they are sick (OR 0.10 CI 0.01 - 0.83) have a lower chance of having depression. Screening the elderly for depression, would help in diagnosing the elderly depression better and offer them the treatment needed.

    Study site: Outpatient clinics, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM)
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatients/statistics & numerical data*
  8. Norlaily H, Azidah AK, Asrenee AR, Rohayah H, Juwita S
    Med J Malaysia, 2009 Jun;64(2):140-5.
    PMID: 20058574 MyJurnal
    The increase in life expectancy observed over the last decade has particular relevance for conditions such as cognitive decline and dementia. This is a cross sectional study to determine the rate of dementia and to identify its associated factors among 399 elderly patients attending outpatient clinics of Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital. This study was conducted in 2 phases. In the first phase, the literate subjects were screened using validated Malay version of Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the illiterate subjects with Malay version of Elderly Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire (ECAQ). All subjects suspected to have dementia were selected for further evaluation in phase 2 of this study. The second phase involved full clinical examination in order to establish clinical diagnosis of dementia. The proportion of dementia in this study was 2.5% (10). Although history of exposure to pesticide (p < 0.05) and history of stroke (p < 0.05) were significant, they were not significant factors. These were because vast discrepancy in number between those exposed to pesticide and having stroke between dementia and non dementia.

    Study site: Outpatient clinics, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM)
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatients/statistics & numerical data*
  9. Yusoff K, Roslawati J, Almashoor SH
    Med J Malaysia, 1992 Sep;47(3):194-9.
    PMID: 1491645
    One hundred consecutive patients attending the UKM (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia) Cardiology Clinic completed a questionnaire enquiring about their own assessment of their knowledge about their illness, their awareness of cardiac risk factors and their expectations in their management. Only 11% of our patients had graduated from tertiary education. 59% of our patients were being treated for ischaemic heart disease. Although only 28% of our patients considered having considerable knowledge of their illness, a majority of our patients were aware of cardiac risk factors. This was independent of the formal education achieved. However this awareness did not necessarily result in appropriate behaviour; 32% of patients admitted to smoking despite being aware of the harmful effects of smoking. 74% of our patients expected a cure from their doctors; only 37% of our patients thought they required medication indefinitely. Thus, patients could be made aware of their illness regardless of their formal educational status. However this may not necessarily result in appropriate behaviour. The high expectations which the patients have of their doctors is unrealistic and may be detrimental to appropriate long-term management of their chronic illness.

    Study site: Cardiology Clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM)
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatients/psychology*
  10. Liam CK
    Med J Malaysia, 1996 Mar;51(1):82-8.
    PMID: 10967984
    The gold standard for the diagnosis and evaluation of sleep apnoea is overnight polysomnography. However, full polysomnography is an expensive and labour intensive procedure which requires the patient to sleep overnight in a hospital sleep laboratory. This paper describes the use of a commercial ambulatory microprocessor based system (Edentrace II) for the evaluation of fifteen patients aged 24 to 68 years with clinical features suggestive of sleep apnoea syndrome. With this portable recording system, sleep studies can be carried out unattended in a hospital ward and computer-assisted scoring of respiratory events can be performed.
    Study site: Chest clinic, wards, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; Outpatients*
  11. Fisher D, Michaels J, Hase R, Zhang J, Kataria S, Sim B, et al.
    J Antimicrob Chemother, 2017 04 01;72(4):1221-1226.
    PMID: 28077673 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw551
    Objectives: Healthcare facilities internationally have grown outpatient parenteral antibiotic administration services for the last few decades. The literature contains publications from dozens of countries describing systematized processes with specialist oversight and their levels of service provision and outcomes. Such descriptions are absent in the majority of Asian countries. We sought to elucidate the extent and nature of outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) in Asia and to consider the ramifications and opportunities for improvement.
    Methods: Utilizing colleagues and their personal networks, we surveyed healthcare facilities across 17 countries in Asia to ascertain the current means (if any) of providing OPAT. In that survey we also sought to explore the capacity and interest of these facilities in developing systematized OPAT services.
    Results: Responses were received from 171 different healthcare facilities from 17 countries. Most (97/171, 57%) stated that they administer outpatient parenteral antibiotics, but only 5 of 162 facilities (3%) outside of Singapore described comprehensive services with specialist oversight.
    Conclusions: There is very likely a large unrecognized problem of unchecked outpatient parenteral antibiotic administration in Asia. Developing comprehensive and systematized OPAT in Asia is needed as a priority in an environment in which the infectious diseases community is demanding broad stewardship approaches. There are nonetheless challenges in establishing and sustaining OPAT programmes. Local champions and leverage off identified local incentives and needs are key to regional advancement.
    Study site: unclear (convenient sample from contacts of investigators)
    Note: Questionnaire available here:
    https://academic.oup.com/jac/article/72/4/1221/2888431#supplementary-data
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatients*
  12. Nasir NH, Mohamad M, Lum LCS, Ng CJ
    PLoS One, 2017;12(10):e0183544.
    PMID: 28977019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183544
    INTRODUCTION: Dengue infection is the fastest spreading mosquito-borne viral disease in the world. One of the complications of dengue is dehydration which, if not carefully monitored and treated, may lead to shock, particularly in those with dengue haemorrhagic fever. WHO has recommended oral fluid intake of five glasses or more for adults who are suspected to have dengue fever. However, there have been no published studies looking at self-care intervention measures to improve oral fluid intake among patients suspected of dengue fever.
    OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of using a fluid chart to improve oral fluid intake in patients with suspected dengue fever in a primary care setting.
    METHODS: This feasibility study used a randomized controlled study design. The data was collected over two months at a primary care clinic in a teaching hospital. The inclusion criteria were: age > 12 years, patients who were suspected to have dengue fever based on the assessment by the primary healthcare clinician, fever for > three days, and thrombocytopenia (platelets < 150 x 109/L). Both groups received a dengue home care card. The intervention group received the fluid chart and a cup (200ml). Baseline clinical and laboratory data, 24-hour fluid recall (control group), and fluid chart were collected. The main outcomes were: hospitalization rates, intravenous fluid requirement and total oral fluid intake.
    FINDINGS: Among the 138 participants who were included in the final analysis, there were fewer hospital admissions in the intervention group (n = 7, 10.0%) than the control group (n = 12, 17.6%) (p = 0.192). Similarly, fewer patients (n = 9, 12.9%) in the intervention group required intravenous fluid compared to the control group (n = 15, 22.1%), (p = 0.154). There was an increase in the amount of daily oral fluid intake in the intervention group (about 3,000 ml) compared to the control group (about 2,500 ml, p = 0.521). However, these differences did not reach statistical significance.
    CONCLUSION: This is a feasible and acceptable study to perform in a primary care setting. The fluid chart is a simple, inexpensive tool that may reduce hospitalization and intravenous fluid requirement in suspected dengue patients. A randomized controlled trial with larger sample size is needed to determine this conclusively.
    TRIAL REGISTRATION: International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) Registry ISRCTN25394628 http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN25394628.
    Study site: Primary care clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; Outpatients*
  13. Tan HJR
    BMJ Case Rep, 2017 Sep 23;2017.
    PMID: 28942410 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-221518
    This was about a case of a patient requiring admission to psychiatry ward twice a year for relapse schizophrenia due to medication non-compliance. Medication adherence was previously monitored by her husband. However, following the death of her husband, she stopped treatment. The lack of insight and poor family support further contributed to her relapse. She presented with positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia during her relapse, neglecting her hygiene and oral intake. She was also found to have anaemia as a result of poor diet when she was in relapse. Community psychiatry services had attempted to ensure compliance with postdischarge plan but failed as patient was not present every home visits. Supervised treatment in outpatient for schizophrenia (STOPS) provided an alternative method to ensure compliance in this patient. Patient has remained in remission for 1 year since the use of STOPS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatients*
  14. Thevi T, Maslina B, Reddy SC
    Malays Fam Physician, 2012;7(1):6-10.
    PMID: 25606238
    Objective: To determine the prevalence of eye diseases and visual impairment among new patients at the eye clinic of Hospital Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah, Temerloh, Pahang.
    Method: In this cross-sectional prospective study, 1081 new patients were examined over a period of six months. Age, gender, ethnicity, visual acuity and diagnosis were noted from the medical records.
    Results: Out of 1081 examined, 607 (56.1%) were males, 783 (72.4%) were Malays. The mean age of patients was 45.2 years (ranging from one month to 91 years). Cataract (248, 22.9%) was the most common eye disease, followed by retinal diseases (124, 11.5%) and ocular trauma (106, 9.8%). Majority of the patients (48) suffering from ocular trauma had foreign body cornea. In 85 premature infants screened for retinopathy, 19 showed different stages of retinopathy of prematurity. Visual impairment was noted in 89 (8.2%) patients, severe visual impairment in 12 (1.1%) and blindness in 35 (3.2%); vision could not be determined in 85 premature infants (7.9%). Cataract was singled out as the cause of severe visual impairment in 11 out of 12 patients.
    Conclusion: Health education at primary health centres and availability of eye specialists in all the district hospitals will facilitate the rehabilitation of visually impaired and blind persons by providing early treatment for eye problems (specifically prescription for spectacles, medical treatment and cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation).
    Keywords: Visual impairment, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, refractive errors, ocular trauma, conjunctivitis
    Study site: Eye clinic, Hospital Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah, Temerloh, Pahang, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatients
  15. Loh JC, Mansor M, Gendeh BS, Mangat PK
    Singapore Dent J, 2010 Jun;31(1):20-5.
    PMID: 23739253 DOI: 10.1016/S0377-5291(12)70005-6
    Any foreign body in the paranasal sinuses can cause chronic complications. It is therefore important to remove these foreign bodies meticulously. Various approaches are available to accomplish this. This article is a case report of a patient who had gutta-percha as a foreign body in left maxillary sinus, after a gutta-percha point had been used to trace a sinus to confirm that it was an oroantral fistula. Traditional surgical approaches to the maxillary sinus require invasive techniques, such as radical antrostomy and the Caldwell-Luc approach. These may result in further complications and morbidity. The gutta-percha point in this case report was removed endoscopically in an otolaryngology clinic with local anaesthesia using a sublabial antroscopy. There is only one case reported in the dental literature regarding the endoscopically-assisted technique for removal of displaced gutta-percha using the sublabial antroscopy approach (Yura S, Ohga N, Ooi K, Izumiyama Y. Procedure of endoscopic removal of a gutta-percha point in maxillary sinus mucosa by ultrathin arthroscope.
    Study site: ENT clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatients
  16. Chan CY, Nam HY, Raveenthiran R, Choon SK, Tai CC
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jun;63(2):100-3.
    PMID: 18942292 MyJurnal
    An anaesthetist-led outpatient pre-operative assessment (OPA) clinic was introduced in our unit in an effort to improve patient care and cost-effectiveness. To assess the efficiency of the clinic, 112 patients who attended the OPA clinic (attendance rate 98%) during the first year were assessed prospectively and compared with 118 patients who did not undergo OPA the year before. There were fewer cancellations among those who attended the OPA clinic (13.6% compared to 3.6%), and the hospital stay was shortened from an average of 10.7 days to 7.0 days. This has resulted in more efficient utilization of operating theatre, reduced hospital costs and improved patient satisfaction. More extensive use of the pre-admission clinic is recommended and should be explored in other clinical settings.
    Study site: Outpatient Preoperative Assessment (OPA) clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatients
  17. Azeem E, Gillani SW, Siddiqui A, Mian RI, Poh V, Sulaiman SA, et al.
    Curr Diabetes Rev, 2016;12(3):279-84.
    PMID: 25989845 DOI: 10.2174/1573399811666150520094631
    Background/aim: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a considerable systemic metabolic disorder to exhibit various metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, mainly hyperglycemia. Our study aims to evaluate oxidative stress markers in DM patients and to determine the clinical correlates affecting the investigational parameters.

    Methodology: To evaluate oxidative stress, the following parameters were included: tri-glycerides(TG), total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL), oxidized LDL cholesterol(Ox LDL), superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) and plasminogen activator inhibitor(PAI) which were measured at single observation point. Patient clinical and demographic data were taken from registered medication profiles from the Outpatient Department.

    Results: The diabetic subjects have significantly high measured values of endocrine(p<0.01), metabolic(p<0.01) and antioxidant parameters(p<0.05), and have significant higher values of TG(3.69±1.27 vs 1.79±0.84 mmol/L, p< 0.01), Ox LDL(85.37±19.1 vs 77.11±26.64 mmol/L, p<0.05) and SOD enzyme activity(918.78 ± 145.39 vs 880.08±149.52 U/g Hb, p<0.05) compared to the controls. A significant negative correlation was found between Ox LDL and HbA1c(r = -0.6782, p < 0.001) among diabetic subjects.

    Conclusion: Elevated Ox-LDL, SOD and GSH-Px are associated with the diabetic patients. However, oxidative stress threshold values also showed high oxidative activity markers among controls. Clinical variables showed predictive information on oxidative activity among diabetes patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatients
  18. Arokiasamy JT, Chen PCY
    Med J Malaysia, 1980 Jun;34(4):336-42.
    PMID: 7219259
    Disease patterns among outpatients seen at static and travelling dispensaries, as well as among hospital admissions and hospital deaths are compared between 1959 and 1974. While disease patterns of patients seen by travelling dispensaries show no change, patients seen by static dispensaries and hospital admissions in 1974 show a marked relative decline in infective and parasitic diseases and an increase in accidents, poisonings and violence. Causes of death in hospitals in 1974 were different, there being relative increases in diseases of early infancy, diseases of circulatory system, neoplasms, and accidents, poisonings, violence while infective and parasitic diseases, and diseases of the digestive system declined.
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatients
  19. Chan KY, Fikri-Abdullah M, Sajjad M, Adeeb SM
    Med J Malaysia, 2003 Oct;58(4):597-9.
    PMID: 15190637
    We report two patients, who have used Pneumostat to replace the conventional underwater seal drainage system for recurrent pneumothorax. Both patients had required repeated chest tube insertion for recurrent pneumothorax and needed a longer hospital stay. Both patients were able to be discharged with the Pneumostat device and were reviewed in outpatient clinic. Both patients had optimal clinical improvement and chest X-ray showed no residual pneumothorax.
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatients
  20. Md. Shamsur Rahman, David Matanjun, Urban John Arnold Dsouza, Mohd.Hijaz Mohd Sani, Wan Salman Wan Saudi, Fairrul Kadir
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: The impact of irrational use of drug is reduction in the quality of drug therapy leading to increased morbidity and mortality. The main objective was to obtain baseline information regarding the prescribing pattern for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) by physicians in the outpatient departments (OPDs) of two selected polyclinics in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Methods: Four hundred (200 from each polyclinic) prescriptions containing NSAIDs were collected, photocopied and later analyzed. Two hundred selected patients (100 from each polyclinic) attending the OPDs were interviewed using a questionnaire. Results: Educated and higher income group of patients mostly attended in private polyclinic (PPC) whereas comparatively less educated and lower income group of patients generally attended government UMS polyclinic (UPC). Analgesics with no or minimal anti-inflammatory effects were the most commonly prescribed NSAIDs in the OPD of UPC. On the contrary, analgesics with potent anti-inflam-matory effects were the most commonly prescribed NSAIDs in PPC. Due to the nature of potent drugs, socioeco-nomically advantaged patients attending PPC is more likely to develop adverse effects. Therefore, the prescribers in PPC had to prescribe additional drugs to counter the adverse effects of NSAIDs, hence increasing the cost of drugs prescribed compared to UPC. The patients taking NSAIDs before coming to hospital were influenced by pharmacists, friends and doctor’s advice given previously. Conclusions: The overall prescribing pattern of NSAIDs among two polyclinics is satisfactory, although there may be scopes for improvement. Educational intervention can be designed for rational prescribing to improve the quality of health care.
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatients
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