MyMedR

Displaying publications 6941 - 6960 of 25172 in total

Abstract:

Sort:

Fulltext Current practice of family planning among teachers in public secondary school in Enugu East Senatorial District, Nigeria

Okafor CO, Zulkefli NAM, Muthiah SG

Afr Health Sci, 2022 Sep;22(3):34-46.
PMID: 36910385 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v22i3.6

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to determine the current practice level of family planning and the associated factors among public secondary school teachers in Enugu East Senatorial District.
METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out among public secondary school teachers, aged 18 - 60 years, in Enugu East Senatorial District, using probability proportional to size sampling and systematic random sampling to select 1000 participants. Binary and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine association. An odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed to determine the level of significance.
RESULTS: The current practice level of family planning is 26.5%. Respondents with bachelor in education were 2 times more likely to be a current user of family planning (AOR=2.39; 95% CI: 1.25-4.55). However, respondents in age group 38 years and above were less likely to be a current user of family planning (AOR=0.64; 95% CI: 0.43-0.95), likewise female respondents (AOR=0.66; 95% CI: 0.44-0.98). Additionally, respondents who mentioned radio (AOR=0.64; 95%CI: 0.44-0.93), social media (AOR=0.73; 95% CI: 0.53-0.99) and healthcare (AOR=0.61; 95%CI: 0.43-0.88) as source of information were less likely to be current user of family planning. Whereas, partner who encouraged the use of family planning (AOR=2.54; 95% CI: 1.71-3.78) span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-weight:bold">, partner who allow each other to decide on family planning methods (AOR=4.47; 95% CI: 2.67-7.48) and those who had good knowledge of family planning (AOR=1.96; 95% CI: 1.40-2.67) were more likely to be current user of family planning.
CONCLUSION: The level of current practice of family planning is low and a significant number of factors predict the current practice of family planning. A family planning educational workshop among teachers is needed to improve teacher's knowledge on family planning to address the issue of adolescent sexual reproduction as teachers are vessels of knowledge impartation to students.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Communication about positive BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic test results and uptake of testing in relatives in a diverse Asian setting

Lee DS, Meiser B, Mariapun S, Hassan T, Yip CH, Mohd Taib NA, et al.

J Genet Couns, 2021 Jun;30(3):720-729.
PMID: 33245177 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1360

The vast majority of studies assessing communication of BRCA1/2 results with relatives and family uptake of BRCA1/2 testing have been conducted in Western societies, and a dearth of studies have been conducted in Asia among relatives of diverse carriers of pathogenic BRCA1/2 germline variants. This study aimed to present rates of BRCA1/2 result disclosure by probands and probands' motivators and barriers of family communication and predictive testing uptake among eligible relatives. It also examined patterns of disclosure and testing uptake among different types of relatives. Eighty-seven carriers with either breast or ovarian cancer, who had previously been found to be carriers of a pathogenic variant in BRCA1/2, were interviewed over the phone using a semi-structured interview guide. Fifty-six percent of patients were Chinese, 21% were Indian, and 23% were Malay. It was found that 62.0% of eligible first- and second-degree relatives were informed by the proband about the testing result and that 11.5% of eligible first- and second-degree relatives had genetic testing. First-degree relatives were more likely to have been informed and tested compared to second-degree relatives, as were sisters compared to brothers. The low rates of family communication and testing uptake documented in this study suggest that interventions should focus on encouraging probands to inform male and second-degree relatives and targeting such relatives to increase informed decisions and accessibility to testing. Promotion strategies should be culturally sensitive to optimize outcomes.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Epidemiological and ES cell-based functional evaluation of BRCA2 variants identified in families with breast cancer

Sullivan T, Thirthagiri E, Chong CE, Stauffer S, Reid S, Southon E, et al.

Hum Mutat, 2021 Feb;42(2):200-212.
PMID: 33314489 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24154

The discovery of high-risk breast cancer susceptibility genes, such as Breast cancer associated gene 1 (BRCA1) and Breast cancer associated gene 2 (BRCA2) has led to accurate identification of individuals for risk management and targeted therapy. The rapid decline in sequencing costs has tremendously increased the number of individuals who are undergoing genetic testing world-wide. However, given the significant differences in population-specific variants, interpreting the results of these tests can be challenging especially for novel genetic variants in understudied populations. Here we report the characterization of novel variants in the Malaysian and Singaporean population that consist of different ethnic groups (Malays, Chinese, Indian, and other indigenous groups). We have evaluated the functional significance of 14 BRCA2 variants of uncertain clinical significance by using multiple in silico prediction tools and examined their frequency in a cohort of 7840 breast cancer cases and 7928 healthy controls. In addition, we have used a mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC)-based functional assay to assess the impact of these variants on BRCA2 function. We found these variants to be functionally indistinguishable from wild-type BRCA2. These variants could fully rescue the lethality of Brca2-null mESCs and exhibited no sensitivity to six different DNA damaging agents including a poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitor. Our findings strongly suggest that all 14 evaluated variants are functionally neutral. Our findings should be valuable in risk assessment of individuals carrying these variants.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Pathology of Tumors Associated With Pathogenic Germline Variants in 9 Breast Cancer Susceptibility Genes

Breast Cancer Association Consortium, Mavaddat N, Dorling L, Carvalho S, Allen J, González-Neira A, et al.

JAMA Oncol, 2022 Mar 01;8(3):e216744.
PMID: 35084436 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.6744

IMPORTANCE: Rare germline genetic variants in several genes are associated with increased breast cancer (BC) risk, but their precise contributions to different disease subtypes are unclear. This information is relevant to guidelines for gene panel testing and risk prediction.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize tumors associated with BC susceptibility genes in large-scale population- or hospital-based studies.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The multicenter, international case-control analysis of the BRIDGES study included 42 680 patients and 46 387 control participants, comprising women aged 18 to 79 years who were sampled independently of family history from 38 studies. Studies were conducted between 1991 and 2016. Sequencing and analysis took place between 2016 and 2021.
EXPOSURES: Protein-truncating variants and likely pathogenic missense variants in ATM, BARD1, BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, PALB2, RAD51C, RAD51D, and TP53.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The intrinsic-like BC subtypes as defined by estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and ERBB2 (formerly known as HER2) status, and tumor grade; morphology; size; stage; lymph node involvement; subtype-specific odds ratios (ORs) for carrying protein-truncating variants and pathogenic missense variants in the 9 BC susceptibility genes.
RESULTS: The mean (SD) ages at interview (control participants) and diagnosis (cases) were 55.1 (11.9) and 55.8 (10.6) years, respectively; all participants were of European or East Asian ethnicity. There was substantial heterogeneity in the distribution of intrinsic subtypes by gene. RAD51C, RAD51D, and BARD1 variants were associated mainly with triple-negative disease (OR, 6.19 [95% CI, 3.17-12.12]; OR, 6.19 [95% CI, 2.99-12.79]; and OR, 10.05 [95% CI, 5.27-19.19], respectively). CHEK2 variants were associated with all subtypes (with ORs ranging from 2.21-3.17) except for triple-negative disease. For ATM variants, the association was strongest for the hormone receptor (HR)+ERBB2- high-grade subtype (OR, 4.99; 95% CI, 3.68-6.76). BRCA1 was associated with increased risk of all subtypes, but the ORs varied widely, being highest for triple-negative disease (OR, 55.32; 95% CI, 40.51-75.55). BRCA2 and PALB2 variants were also associated with triple-negative disease. TP53 variants were most strongly associated with HR+ERBB2+ and HR-ERBB2+ subtypes. Tumors occurring in pathogenic variant carriers were of higher grade. For most genes and subtypes, a decline in ORs was observed with increasing age. Together, the 9 genes were associated with 27.3% of all triple-negative tumors in women 40 years or younger.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The results of this case-control study suggest that variants in the 9 BC risk genes differ substantially in their associated pathology but are generally associated with triple-negative and/or high-grade disease. Knowing the age and tumor subtype distributions associated with individual BC genes can potentially aid guidelines for gene panel testing, risk prediction, and variant classification and guide targeted screening strategies.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Antimicrobial activities of graphene oxide against biofilm and intracellular Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis

Saeed SI, Vivian L, Zalati CWSCW, Sani NIM, Aklilu E, Mohamad M, et al.

BMC Vet Res, 2023 Jan 14;19(1):10.
PMID: 36641476 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03560-6

BACKGROUND: S. aureus is one of the causative agents of bovine mastitis. The treatment using conventional antimicrobials has been hampered due to the development of antimicrobial resistance and the ability of the bacteria to form biofilms and localize inside the host cells.
OBJECTIVES: Here, the efficacy of graphene oxide (GO), a carbon-based nanomaterial, was tested against the biofilms and intracellular S. aureus invitro. Following that, the mechanism for the intracellular antimicrobial activities and GO toxicities was elucidated.
METHODS: GO antibiofilm properties were evaluated based on the disruption of biofilm structure, and the intracellular antimicrobial activities were determined by the survival of S. aureus in infected bovine mammary cells following GO exposure. The mechanism for GO intracellular antimicrobial activities was investigated using endocytosis inhibitors. GO toxicity towards the host cells was assessed using a resazurin assay.
RESULTS: At 100 ug/mL, GO reduced between 30 and 70% of S. aureus biofilm mass, suggesting GO's ability to disrupt the biofilm structure. At 200 ug/mL, GO killed almost 80% of intracellular S. aureus, and the antimicrobial activities were inhibited when cells were pre-treated with cytochalasin D, suggesting GO intracellular antimicrobial activities were dependent on the actin-polymerization of the cell membrane. At

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Perceptions of Quality of Life during the Pandemic: A Case Study on B40 Single Mothers

Zakaria SM, Abdullah N, Md Akhir N, Amin AS, Mohd Shukry ANA, Abdul Rashid MR, et al.

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022 Sep 27;19(19).
PMID: 36231521 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912219

During the pandemic, the lives of B40 single mothers were severely affected, especially in terms of social, economic, and psychological factors. The reduction of income caused by the crisis has forced single mothers and their children to live frugally and without luxury. They also had to perform more than one job at a time during the pandemic to meet their children's needs. A qualitative study has been conducted to explore the perceptions of quality of life during the pandemic among B40 single mothers. Respondents were selected based on demographic characteristics established before the study. A focus group discussion has been conducted on ten (10) B40 single mothers in Balik Pulau, Penang. Single mothers were selected based on purposive sampling. They had to meet the inclusive criteria required to participate in the study, specifically: aged between 20 and 60 years old, belonged to the B40 income category, had children under 18 years old living together, and became single mothers due to divorce or death of husbands. The focused group discussion explored issues related to qualities of life during the pandemic. B40 single mothers expressed their concern about access to health facilities, security in residence, children's education, and economic stability. These areas of life quality have been significantly affected especially during Movement Control Order (MCO). In short, the quality of life of these single mothers has been significantly affected by the pandemic. Their vulnerability towards stress, anxiety, and depression have worsened due to financial issues. Besides the need for emotional and social support, this study found that these single mothers entail financial support.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Predictors of Male Involvement in Postnatal Care in Jambi, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Guspianto G, Ibnu IN, Veruswati M, Asyary A

Ann Ig, 2023;35(2):149-158.
PMID: 35603972 DOI: 10.7416/ai.2022.2529

BACKGROUND: Postpartum care (postnatal care, or PNC) is crucial for the health of mothers and newborns. After child delivery, mothers and babies should have optimal access to the health care system to utilize the facilities and skilled health workers. The involvement of men has a positive impact on the use of PNC and plays an important role in reducing delays, especially in preventing maternal and newborn deaths.
OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the level of the involvement of men in PNC and analyzed the factors that determined this involvement.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted through a survey of 381 males who were selected by multistage random sampling in Muaro Jambi, Indonesia, from April to August 2020. The dependent variable was the involvement of men in PNC, which was constructed from four dichotomous indicators. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed using SPSS 24.0 at a significance level of 0.05.
RESULTS: Over 50% of respondents were highly involved in PNC, with the predicting factors being the number of children (OR = 2.195, 95% CI = 1.096-4.397), the quality of health service (OR = 6.072, 95% CI = 3.324-11.09), communication (OR = 6.908, 95% CI = 3.255-14.66), and culture (OR = 4.031, 95% CI = 2.196-7.399). The communication factor was the main predictor of male involvement in PNC in Muaro Jambi Regency.
CONCLUSION: The involvement of men in PNC in Muaro Jambi Regency was related to the number of children, quality of health service, communication, and culture. Counseling "as a couple" is needed to improve the communication between husband and wife so that they can understand each other's needs in PNC.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Mistreatment of Women during Childbirth and Associated Factors in Northern West Bank, Palestine

Dwekat IMM, Ismail TAT, Ibrahim MI, Ghrayeb F, Abbas E

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022 Oct 13;19(20).
PMID: 36293759 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013180

Mistreatment of women during childbirth is a clear breach of women's rights during childbirth. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of mistreatment of women during childbirth in the north of West Bank, Palestine. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 269 women within the first 16 weeks of their last vaginal childbirth to understand the childbirth events by using proportionate stratified random sampling. An Arabic valid questionnaire was used as a study instrument. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the factors associated with each type of mistreatment. The mean age of the women was 26.5 (SD 4.77) years. The overall prevalence of mistreatment was 97.8%. There were six types of mistreatment. Nine factors were significantly associated with the occurrence of one or more types of mistreatment. Delivery at a public childbirth facility was associated with all of the six types (aAdjOR: 2.17-16.77; p-values < 0.001-0.013). Women who lived in villages (aAdjOR 2.33; p-value = 0.047), had low education (aAdjOR 5.09; p-value = 0.004), underwent induction of labour (aAdjOR 3.03; p-value = 0.001), had a long duration of labour (aAdjOR 1.10; p-value = 0.011), did not receive pain killers (aAdjOR: 2.18-3.63; p-values = 0.010-0.020), or had an episiotomy or tear (aAdjOR 5.98; p-value < 0.001) were more likely to experience one or more types of mistreatment. With every one-hour increase in the duration of labor, women were 1.099 times more likely to experience a failure to meet the professional standard of care. Women were less likely to experience mistreatment with increasing age. Women with increasing age (aAdjOR: 0.91-0.92; p-values = 0.003-0.014) and parity (aAdjOR 0.72; p-value = 0.010) were less likely to experience mistreatment. Awareness of women's fundamental rights during childbirth, making the childbirth process as normal as possible, and improving the childbirth facilities' conditions, policies, practices and working environment may decrease mistreatment occurrence.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Change in facial shape in two cohorts of Japanese adult female students twenty years apart

Hossain MG, Saw A, Ohtsuki F, Lestrel PE, Kamarul T

Singapore Med J, 2011 Nov;52(11):818-23.
PMID: 22173252

Secular changes in the head and body dimensions of the Japanese population were recorded during the last century, but studies on Japanese adult facial shape were poorly documented. This study aimed to document the secular changes in facial shape and their association with craniofacial measures of Japanese adult female students.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Complex pattern of a variant hepatic artery

Hlaing KP, Othman F

Singapore Med J, 2012 Sep;53(9):e186-8.
PMID: 23023911

Liver transplantation is the only solution for end-stage liver diseases. The common hepatic artery (CHA) arises from the coeliac trunk (CT), and the right (RHA) and left hepatic (LHA) arteries are its terminal branches. An abnormal arterial pattern would influence the surgical outcome. The anterior layer of the lesser omentum of a female cadaver was cleaned to identify the CHA, which was traced backwards for its origin and toward the porta hepatis for its terminal branches. In this case, the replaced RHA originated from the CT and ran posterior to the portal vein and the common bile duct. The replaced LHA arose from the left gastric artery. The CHA originated from the CT and branched out as the middle hepatic and gastroduodenal arteries. The replaced RHA and LHA with alteration in relation to the neighbouring structures is a complex and rare variant. Knowledge of this uncommon arterial anomaly is beneficial for hepatobiliary surgeons.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Mature cystic teratoma: unusual presentation as anterior neck swelling

Rahman MT, Jaafar H, Naik VR, Ghazali MZ, Hassan S

Singapore Med J, 2004 Mar;45(3):130-1.
PMID: 15029417

The unusual presentation of a mature mediastinal cystic teratoma as an anterior neck swelling in a 29-year-old Malay woman is reported.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Endoscopic coagulation of sphenopalatine artery for posterior epistaxis

Prepageran N, Krishnan G

Singapore Med J, 2003 Mar;44(3):123-5.
PMID: 12953724

To present our experience of endoscopic electrocoagulation of sphenopalatine artery for persistent posterior epistaxis despite conservative measures.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Phaeochromocytoma of the urinary bladder

Naqiyah I, Rohaizak M, Meah FA, Nazri MJ, Sundram M, Amram AR

Singapore Med J, 2005 Jul;46(7):344-6.
PMID: 15968447

The occurrence of urinary bladder paragangliomas is rare. A 12-year-old Chinese girl who presented with history of blurring of vision was found to have grade IV hypertensive retinopathy. Investigations revealed a phaeochromocytoma on the posterior wall of the urinary bladder. A partial cystectomy with right ureter reimplantation was undertaken and her hypertension was promptly controlled. The diagnosis and management of this rare tumour is discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Dietary practices of adolescents in Singapore and Malaysia

Lew K, Barlow PJ

Singapore Med J, 2005 Jun;46(6):282-8.
PMID: 15902356

INTRODUCTION: This study sets out to investigate any differences in dietary practices between adolescents in Singapore and Malaysia.
METHODS: An adolescent dietary practices survey was conducted in Singapore and Malaysia involving 200 adolescents (100 from each country) aged 11 to 21 years in order to have a better understanding of the adolescents' dietary practices. Dietary practices were assessed by a self-administered dietary practices questionnaire (DPQ).
RESULTS: The major differences identified between adolescents' dietary practices in Singapore and Malaysia are related to alcohol consumption and venue for taking of lunch. More Malaysian adolescents have their lunch prepared at home (32.9 percent), compared with 7.2 percent of Singaporean adolescents. More adolescents in Malaysia drink alcohol (49.4 percent), compared with only 21.7 percent of Singaporean adolescents.
CONCLUSION: From the dietary practices survey of adolescents from Singapore and Malaysia, it may be concluded that while general dietary practices are similar, the major differences identified were significantly (p-value is less than 0.05) higher alcohol consumption by Malaysian adolescents and significantly (p-value is less than 0.05) more Malaysians took their lunch at home compared with Singaporeans. The reasons for the differences are discussed in the paper.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Malignant rhabdoid tumour of the brain

Abdullah JM, Rahman ZA, Ariff AR, Jaafar H, Phang KS

Singapore Med J, 2004 Jun;45(6):286-8.
PMID: 15181525

Rhabdoid tumour is a rare childhood tumour with poor prognosis. We report a 13-month-old Malay girl suffering from this tumour that was located at the left fronto-temporo-parietal region of the brain. Computed tomography showed a large irregular enhancing mass that caused obstructive hydrocephalus. The tumour did not reduce in size after three operations and finally the patient succumbed to the disease four months after diagnosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Hydroxyzine-induced supraventricular tachycardia in a nine-year-old child

Wong AR, Rasool AH

Singapore Med J, 2004 Feb;45(2):90-2.
PMID: 14985850

Hydroxyzine is a first generation antihistamine widely used in the paediatric population for a variety of conditions. A nine-year-old girl presented with supraventricular tachycardia while on clinical doses of hydroxyzine for pruritus. On arrival at the hospital, she was diaphoretic, with cool peripheries, poor peripheral pulses and a heart rate of 250/minute. There was a history of three palpitation episodes with chest tightness during the five months she was taking hydroxyzine. The supraventricular tachycardia eventually reverted to sinus rhythm with intravenous verapamil. Relevant cardiac examination and investigations had not shown any cardiac abnormalities. After discontinuing hydroxyzine, she had no further episodes of supraventricular tachycardia. To our knowledge, this is the first report of hydroxyzine induced-supraventricular tachycardia in the medical literature.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Complete hydatidiform mole and surviving coexistent twin--a case report

Japaraj RP, Sivalingam N

Singapore Med J, 2000 Mar;41(3):126-8.
PMID: 11063197

Hydatidiform mole with a coexistent fetus is a rare occurrence with an incidence of I per 22,000-100,000 pregnancies. It is associated with persistent gestational trophoblastic tumour. Hence an early and correct diagnosis is imperative to plan subsequent management of such patients. We report a case of a primigravida who presented with vaginal bleeding at early second trimester. Expectant management was carried out for her pregnancy which finally ended in an abortion. The pathology, clinical findings and current management of this rare entity is discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext A ten-year retrospective study of tetanus at a general hospital in Malaysia

Lau LG, Kong KO, Chew PH

Singapore Med J, 2001 Aug;42(8):346-50.
PMID: 11764050

To study the demographic and clinical features as well as outcomes of tetanus patients at the Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching from 1990 to 1999.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Lumbar puncture refusal in febrile convulsion

Ling SG, Boey CC

Singapore Med J, 2000 Oct;41(10):485-8.
PMID: 11281439

A descriptive study was carried out on patients admitted for febrile convulsion over a two-year period to determine rate of lumbar puncture (LP) refusal, factors associated with LP refusal and outcome of such patients. From 77 patients indicated and requested for LP, 19 (25%) patients refused the procedure. Refusal of LP was significantly more common among the Malay ethnic group (p = 0.01) but not significantly associated with age,gender or whether the patient was admitted for a first or recurrent febrile convulsion. Half of the patients who refused LP had to be started empirically on antibiotics for meningitis. Patients who refused LP were also 8.5 times more likely to discharge themselves "at own risk" (AOR), compared to other patients with febrile convulsion (p = 0.004). In conclusion, LP refusal is a common problem in the local setting and is a hindrance to the proper management of patients with fever and seizure. Appropriate measures must be carried out to educate the public, particularly those from the Malay ethnic group on the safety and usefulness of the procedure. Reasons for patients discharging AOR following LP refusal also need to be addressed and problems rectified.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Distal renal tubular acidosis and hereditary elliptocytosis in a single family

Thong MK, Tan AA, Lin HP

Singapore Med J, 1997 Sep;38(9):388-90.
PMID: 9407765

Distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA) and hereditary elliptocytosis (HE) are apparently distinct, genetic conditions. We report a family with 3 children having both hereditary elliptocytosis and distal renal tubular acidosis. The simultaneous occurrence of these two conditions in three siblings could be due to covariations in the same family, although a possible contiguous gene syndrome for distal RTA and HE cannot be excluded. This report emphasises the importance of excluding a renal tubular defect in any child who presents with elliptocytosis and failure to thrive.

Matched MeSH terms: Female

Filters

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links