Displaying publications 6961 - 6980 of 24639 in total

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  1. Wong FN, Tan JA, Keng TC, Ng KP, Chua KH, Kuppusamy UR
    Clin Chim Acta, 2016 Jan 30;453:56-61.
    PMID: 26657980 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.12.002
    BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between soluble RAGE and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) after controlling for the potential confounding factors such as medication usage and enzymatic antioxidants.
    METHODS: A total of 222 CKD patients whose eGFR is less than 60ml/min/1.73m(2) and 111 non-CKD individuals were recruited. The study subjects were classified based on their diabetes status. The plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities as well as plasma soluble RAGE level were measured.
    RESULTS: The plasma GPx and SOD activities were significantly lower and the plasma soluble RAGE level was significantly higher in the CKD patients than in the non-CKD individuals, regardless of the diabetes status. Soluble RAGE was significantly correlated with eGFR in both diabetic CKD (D-CKD) and non-diabetic CKD (ND-CKD) patients. The association between soluble RAGE and eGFR remained largely unaffected by the confounding factors in D-CKD patients. However, the confounding effect of enzymatic antioxidants in the relationship between eGFR and soluble RAGE was observed in ND-CKD patients.
    CONCLUSION: The increased plasma level of soluble RAGE is a better indicator of renal function decline in diabetic CKD patients instead of non-diabetic CKD patients.
    KEYWORDS: Chronic kidney disease; Diabetes; Enzymatic antioxidants; Glomerular filtration rate; Medications; Soluble RAGE
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  2. Marzo RR, Khaled Y, ElSherif M, Abdullah MSAMB, Zhu Thew H, Chong C, et al.
    Front Public Health, 2022;10:1021497.
    PMID: 36530707 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1021497
    BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers have to deal with highly demanding work situations, making healthcare as one of the most challenging professions. Up to now, far too little attention has been paid to burnout, resilience and the quality of life among Malaysian healthcare workers. Therefore, this paper explores the correlation between burnout, resilience and quality of life among Malaysian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    METHOD: A total of 394 healthcare workers reported their responses on Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire, World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-BREF, and Brief Resilience Scale. Respondents were contacted through convenience sampling method and targeted population constituted Malaysian healthcare workers aged 18 years and above.

    RESULTS: For occupational exhaustion, about 50.5% of participants have moderate degree, 40.6% have high degree, and 8.9% have low degree of burnout. Health workers from age 25 to 35 years have lower physical health compared to health workers aged <25 years (coefficient = -0.77, p = 0.021). Similarly, healthcare workers who were working more than 10 h every day were more likely to report poor psychological health (coefficient = -2.49, p = 0.06). Positive correlation between physical and psychological health was observed. Further, a negative correlation was found between occupational exhaustion and the quality of life.

    CONCLUSION: It is important to target physical as well as psychological wellbeing of the healthcare workers. Also, it is important to understand the contribution of long working hours in declining the quality of life of the healthcare workers. Thus, allocating fixed working hours for healthcare workers would bring a much-required change.

    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  3. Yusof HM, Enh AM
    Hist Psychiatry, 2022 Dec;33(4):446-458.
    PMID: 36408553 DOI: 10.1177/0957154X221122519
    The British government in Malaya conducted treatment for women suffering mental illness in an effort to deal with the increasing number of cases in the Federated Malay States in 1930-57. This paper explores the role of mental asylums and society in contributing to methods of treatment during the twentieth century.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  4. Rendana M, Idris WMR, Rahim SA
    Environ Monit Assess, 2022 Dec 17;195(1):205.
    PMID: 36527450 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10833-y
    Mining activities in the Chini Lake catchment area have been extensive for several years, contributing to acid mine drainage (AMD) events with high concentrations of iron (Fe) and other heavy metals impacting the surface water. However, during the restriction period due to the COVID-19 outbreak, anthropogenic activities have been suspended, which clearly shows a good opportunity for a better environment. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the variation of AMD-associated water pollution in three main zones of the Chini Lake catchment area using Sentinel-2 data for the periods pre-movement control order (MCO), during MCO, and post-MCO from 2019 to 2021. These three zones were chosen due to their proximity to mining areas: zone 1 in the northeastern part, zone 2 in the southeastern part, and zone 3 in the southern part of the Chini Lake area. The acid mine water index (AMWI) was a specific index used to estimate acid mine water. The AMWI values from Sentinel-2 images exhibited that the mean AMWI values in all zones during the MCO period decreased by 14% compared with the pre-MCO period. The spatiotemporal analysis found that the highest polluted zones were recorded in zone 1, followed by zone 3 and zone 2. As compared with during the MCO period, the maximum percentage of increment during post-MCO in all zones was up to 25%. The loosened restriction policy has resulted in more AMD flowing into surface water and increased pollution in Chini Lake. As a whole, our outputs revealed that Sentinel-2 data had a major potential for assessing the AMD-associated pollution of water.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  5. Nah SA, Sanmugam A, Singaravel S, Zahari Z, Aziz DA
    J Pediatr Surg, 2023 Feb;58(2):299-304.
    PMID: 36404187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2022.10.032
    BACKGROUND: A shortage of specialist paediatric surgeons in Malaysia led to establishment of a national postgraduate training programme in 2004. We aimed to identify sociodemographic factors impacting training experience, and to define pressure points during training to inform targeted trainee support strategies.

    METHODS: We conducted an anonymized online survey in June 2021 on all programme graduates. Participants were asked for sociodemographic data, both current and during training. Likert scale responses were required for questions regarding adequacy of support received for family, health and personal issues during training. A free text response question soliciting suggestions for programme improvement was included. Data are reported as median (range). Chi-square/Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney U tests for continuous variables were used, with p<0.05 significance.

    RESULTS: Of 53 eligible participants, 52 (98%) responded, 24 (46%) were female. Marital status was similar between genders at entry, but female trainees were more likely to be unmarried on exit (p = 0.001), and less likely to have children while training (p = 0.017). Of the 6 female and 18 male trainees who had children while training, women were more likely to take parental leave (p = 0.01). The majority felt advice given regarding parental leave and managing training while having children were poor. In thematic analysis of free text answers, lack of hands-on experience was the most common concern.

    CONCLUSION: Factors related to marriage and parenthood significantly associate with gender amongst trainees in Malaysia despite both genders being well represented. Concerns regarding adequacy of hands-on training highlight the need for educational innovations such as simulation models.

    LEVEL OF STUDY: Level III.

    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  6. Kwan SC, Zakaria SB, Ibrahim MF, Wan Mahiyuddin WR, Md Sofwan N, A Wahab MI, et al.
    Environ Res, 2023 Jan 01;216(Pt 2):114524.
    PMID: 36228692 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114524
    Road transport contributes over 70% of air pollution in urban areas and is the second largest contributor to the total carbon dioxide emissions in Malaysia at 21% in 2016. Transport-related air pollutants (TRAPs) such as NOx, SO2, CO and particulate matter (PM) pose significant threats to the urban population's health. Malaysia has targeted to deploy 885,000 EV cars on the road by 2030 in the Low Carbon Mobility Blueprint (LCMB). This study aims to quantify the health co-benefits of electric vehicle adoption from their impacts on air quality in Malaysia. Two EV uptake projections, i.e. LCMB and Revised EV Adoption (REVA) projections, and five electricity generation mix scenarios were modelled up to 2040. We used comparative health risk assessment to estimate the potential changes in mortality and burden of diseases (BoD) from the emissions in each scenario. Intake fractions and exposure-risk functions were used to calculate the burden from respiratory diseases (PM2.5, NOx, SO2, CO), cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer (PM2.5). Results showed that along with a net reduction of carbon emissions across all scenarios, there could be reduced respiratory mortality from NOx by 10,200 mortality (176,200 DALYs) and SO2 by 2600 mortality (45,400 DALYs) per year in 2040. However, there could also be additional 719 mortality (9900 DALYs) per year from PM2.5 and 329 mortality (5600 DALYs) from CO per year. The scale of reduction in mortality and BoD from NOx and SO2 are significantly larger than the scale of increase from PM2.5 and CO, indicating potential net positive health impacts from the EV adoption in the scenarios. The health cost savings from the reduced BoD of respiratory mortality could reach up to RM 7.5 billion per year in 2040. In conclusion, EV is a way forward in promoting a healthy and sustainable future transport in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  7. Samson KLI, Loh SP, Lee SS, Sulistyoningrum DC, Khor GL, Mohd Shariff ZB, et al.
    J Nutr, 2021 Aug 07;151(8):2264-2270.
    PMID: 33978167 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab115
    BACKGROUND: Weekly iron-folic acid (IFA) supplements are recommended for all menstruating women in countries where anemia prevalence is ≥20%; however, it is unknown whether the inclusion of folic acid in weekly IFA supplements reduces anemia.

    OBJECTIVES: We examined whether the inclusion of folic acid in weekly IFA supplements conferred any benefit on hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, anemia reduction, or iron status [ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR)], over iron alone.

    METHODS: In this secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial in Malaysia, n = 311 nonpregnant women (18-45 y old) received 60 mg Fe with either 0, 0.4, or 2.8 mg folic acid once-weekly for 16 wk. Fasting blood was collected at baseline and 16 wk. A generalized linear model (normal distribution with identity link) was used to assess Hb concentration at 16 wk (primary outcome).

    RESULTS: At baseline, 84% of women had low folate status (plasma folate  0.05). Baseline plasma folate concentration did not modify the effect of treatment on Hb concentration at 16 wk. Among all women, the risks of anemia [risk ratio (RR): 0.65; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.96; P = 0.03] and iron deficiency based on ferritin (RR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.44; P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  8. Husain Z, Wicaksono AC, Renault A, Md Zhahir SS, Ismail AK
    Toxicon, 2023 Mar 01;224:107023.
    PMID: 36640813 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107023
    The Puff Adder (Bitis arietans) is a viper native to Africa and the Middle East. Envenomation by this species often requires the administration of appropriate antivenom in order to achieve a favorable outcome. A patient was bitten in both hands by a captive B. arietans presented to a teaching hospital in Malaysia. The patient developed painful progressive swelling on both limbs that extended to the chest, hypotension, hypokalemia with worsening anemia, thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, and severe metabolic acidosis. The patient was managed supportively while waiting for the appropriate antivenom, Antivipmyn-Africa, from the Singapore Zoo. The patient developed cardiorespiratory arrest twice and did not recover from the second. The patient was pronounced dead 23 hours post-incident. The local unavailability of the appropriate antivenom may be the most important factor that contributed to the patient's death. There is also a need to amend the Malaysian Wildlife Act in order to prevent such cases from recurring.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  9. Wong WK, Chan WK, Ganapathy SS, Lim SK
    Semin Dial, 2023 Mar;36(2):107-116.
    PMID: 35821201 DOI: 10.1111/sdi.13117
    BACKGROUND: Metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and end stage kidney disease (ESKD) are complications of the metabolic syndrome. Our aim is to study the prevalence of MAFLD and advanced liver fibrosis and the associated factors among hemodialysis patients in a multiracial urban population in Malaysia.

    METHODS: A cross-sectional study of hemodialysis patients from 10 hemodialysis centers was used. FibroTouch examination was performed on all patients. Fatty liver was diagnosed based on ultrasound attenuation parameter ≥248 dB/m while advanced liver fibrosis was diagnosed based on liver stiffness measurement ≥10 kPa.

    RESULTS: This study included 447 hemodialysis patients (median age 59 [50-67], male 55%, Chinese 61%, Malay 20%, Indian 18%). Dialysis vintage was 49 (22-93) months. The prevalence of MAFLD was 43.4%. Independent factors associated with MAFLD were elevated waist circumference (aOR = 10.1, 95% CI = 5.3-19.4, p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  10. Rhodes A, Vallikkannu N, Jayalakshmi P
    Br J Biomed Sci, 2017 Apr;74(2):65-70.
    PMID: 28367736 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2016.1220709
    BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer is particularly lethal due to late stage at presentation. The subtypes behave differently with respect to their biology and response to treatment. Two recent markers reported to be useful in assisting in the diagnosis are WT1 and PAX8. Malaysia, with its multi-ethnic population provides an opportunity to study the expression of these biomarkers in ovarian cancer in the three most populous ethnicities in Asia and ascertain their usefulness in the diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tissues from ovarian epithelial neoplasms diagnosed between 2004 and 2012 were tested using antibodies to WT1 and PAX8. The slides were assessed to determine levels of marker expression and related to ethnicity, ovarian tumour type, grade and stage.

    RESULTS: Serous tumours were the main histological type (n = 44), the remaining being endometrioid (n = 15), mucinous (n = 15) and clear cell tumours (n = 7). Late stage at diagnosis was significantly associated with serous (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  11. Azmi MI, Daud A, Shafei MN, Abdul Hamid A
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022 Dec 01;19(23).
    PMID: 36498180 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316106
    It is crucial to comprehend factors associated to job dissatisfaction among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Malaysia’s primary health clinics, especially those working in ‘Type 2 Health Clinics’ which cater for populations of >50,000 and a daily average number of patients between 500 and 800. It is essential to ensure that effective strategies can be proposed to promote job satisfaction. A total of 314 HCWs from ‘Type 2 Health Clinics’ in north-eastern Malaysia consented to participate in this cross-sectional study, conducted between October 2020 and December 2021. The Job Satisfaction Survey was used to assess job dissatisfaction. The prevalence of job dissatisfaction was 35.7%. The significant factors associated with job dissatisfaction were younger age and those who were dissatisfied with their yearly performance mark. Targeted interventional activities for young HCWs and for those who are dissatisfied with their yearly performance mark are recommended to improve job satisfaction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  12. Hamzah N, Musa KI, Romli MH, Chen XW, Rahim MZA, Abdullah JM, et al.
    BMC Public Health, 2023 Jan 30;23(1):198.
    PMID: 36717840 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15076-1
    BACKGROUND: Post-stroke complications affect the informal caregivers equally as the stroke survivors, especially those who have a moderate to worst prognosis in functional capacity recovery. Caregiver Assessment of Function and Upset (CAFU) is one of the common tools used in both research and clinical practice to measure the patient's dependency level and the stroke caregivers' upset level.

    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to translate and validate the CAFU instrument into the Malay language and test the validity and reliability of the CAFU among informal stroke caregivers in Malaysia.

    METHODS: A standard forward-backward translation method was employed to translate CAFU. Subsequently, 10 expert panels were included in the validation process, and thereafter reliability testing was conducted among 51 stroke caregivers. The validation of the instrument was determined by computing the content validity indices (CVIs), and we used the Cronbach's alpha method to explore the internal consistency of the overall score and subscales scores of the Malay-CAFU. Finally, the explanatory factor analysis used principal component extraction and a varimax rotation to examine construct validity.

    RESULTS: All items of the Malay-CAFU had satisfactory item-level CVI (I-CVI), with values greater than 0.80, and the scale-level CVI (S-CVI) was 0.95. These results indicate that the Malay-CAFU had good relevancy. The internal consistency for the reliability test showed a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.95 for the overall score. The eigenvalues and scree plot supported a two-factor structural model of the instrument. From the explanatory factor analysis, the factor loadings ranged from 0.82 to 0.90 and 0.56 to 0.83, respectively.

    CONCLUSION: The Malay-CAFU questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the dependence level of stroke survivors and the upset level of informal stroke caregivers in Malaysia.

    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  13. Htay MNN, Schliemann D, Dahlui M, Cardwell CR, Loh SY, Tamin NSBI, et al.
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 Sep 03;18(17).
    PMID: 34501903 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179311
    Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women globally, including in Malaysia. There is a need to assess women's beliefs about BC and screening in different cultural settings. This study aimed to translate and validate an adapted version of the United States (US) Champion Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS) for an investigation of predictors of BC screening in Malaysia. The CHBMS was adapted, and forward and backward translated into the Malay language. The validity and reliability of the CHBMS-BC-M (M for Malay language) was investigated in a community sample of 251 multi-ethnic Malay-speaking women. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation indicated that the structure of the adapted CHBMS-BC-M comprised three subscales with 21 items, and an Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI) of 0.83 and above for all items. The explanatory factor analysis (EFA) showed acceptable to high factor loadings on items. Cronbach's alpha for the subscales ranged from 0.59 to 0.87. The reproducibility of the scale was fair to high, with an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.53 to 0.80 for the subscales. Overall, the analysis indicated that the translated CHBMS-BC-M is a valid and reliable scale to measure beliefs about BC and screening in the Malay-speaking ethnic population of Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  14. Lau AC, Qiu Y, Moustafa MAM, Nakao R, Shimozuru M, Onuma M, et al.
    J Vet Med Sci, 2022 Nov 01;84(11):1469-1473.
    PMID: 36123016 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0304
    In this study, Babesia screening was conducted in 55 rodents and 160 tick samples collected from primary forests and an oil palm plantation in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. PCR targeting the 18S ribosomal DNA revealed the presence of Babesia spp. DNA detected in two questing male Haemaphysalis shimoga ticks collected from the oil palm plantation. Sequence analysis revealed that both sequences were identical and had 98.6% identity to a Babesia macropus sequence obtained from Eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) in Australia. Phylogenetic tree revealed clustering with marsupial-associated Babesia spp. in the Babesia sensu stricto clade. Whether or not H. shimoga is the competent vector and the importance of the Babesia sp. detected in this study warrants more investigation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  15. Mohd Ali M, Mohd Hoesni S, Rosharudin NA, Yusoff SR, Razman MOI, Khairuddin KF, et al.
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022 Sep 10;19(18).
    PMID: 36141671 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811399
    The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA) has been translated and adapted globally. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Malay version of the ERQ-CA. The ERQ-CA underwent forward and back translation twice and was tested in two separate studies, Study 1 and Study 2, with 296 and 359 students aged between 13 and 14 years old, respectively. Cronbach's alpha values were calculated, and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. The results from Study 1 demonstrate good internal consistency for cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. The results indicate a good factor loading for most of the items, but only one value of the goodness-of-fit met the criteria for a good fit. The results from Study 2 show improvements in the values of the goodness-of-fit that are comparable to previous studies, but there was a decrease in the factor loading scores. Overall, the Malay version of the ERQ-CA possesses acceptable reliability and validity. Further studies are required in the near future to develop a Malay version of the ERQ-CA that reasonably represents Malaysian adolescents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  16. Gopinathan S, Kaur AH, Ming LM, Alias MB, Veeraya S
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022 Nov 21;19(22).
    PMID: 36430098 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215376
    Mental health is a growing concern among people worldwide. Mental health issues are one of the main factors contributing to adolescent health-related burden. Malaysia, in particular, has seen an increase in the number of youths facing mental health issues. The government aims to take action by promoting mental health well-being as well as providing care and recovery to those who are affected. This study aimed to examine measures that could potentially improve and curb mental health issues among youth in Malaysia by adopting the use of behavioural intervention technologies. Three underlying models of intervention were studied, namely, the internet intervention model, Fogg behaviour model, and persuasive system design. A total of 103 respondents between the ages of 18 to 23 years participated in the research survey, and the results revealed that mood changes and thoughts, feelings, and actions were the intervention strategies that showed a positive significance in the improvement of mental health among youth in Malaysia. Social distractions, peer motivation, ease of access to help, and sense of belonging and mindfulness did not show a positive significance when it came to behavioural intervention technologies used to improve mental health.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  17. Ahmad Zamzuri M'I, Abd Majid FN, Dapari R, Hassan MR, Isa AMM
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022 Oct 14;19(20).
    PMID: 36293856 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013252
    Dengue remains a public health concern due to limited curative treatment and safe vaccine availability. Prevention by individual is utmost necessary but its practice is still lacking. Perceived risk to disease has been reported to exert a good effect on health behaviour change. However, limited evidence showed its relationship towards attitude and practice for dengue prevention. Hence, we aim to measure the mediating effect of dengue risk perception in the relationship between dengue attitude and dengue prevention practice. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2021 to November 2021 in a district of Seremban using a pre-validated questionnaire. Informed consent was obtained from the respondents prior to inclusion in the study. The study was approved by the ethical research committee. A total of 347 respondents took part in the survey, but only 341 data points were included in the final analysis. The majority of the respondents were female (63.0%), of Malay ethnicity (86.8%), married (55.4%), and currently employed (71.0%). The pooled confirmatory factor analysis result demonstrated an RMSEA value of 0.038 (<0.08), CFI value of 0.969 (>0.90), TLI value of 0.9565 (>0.90), and ChiSq/df = 1.479 (<3.0). All the hypotheses for direct effect yielded a significant and positive relationship. Bootstrapping analysis to test for mediation revealed a partial mediation effect as both indirect and direct effects are significant. Risk perception is a mediator variable between attitude and dengue prevention practice. Therefore, our recommendation is to increase health awareness activity that helps to improve individual's risk perception through active health promotion and a health educational campaign that inculcates dengue risk messages. Ultimately, this effort can enhance good health prevention behaviour.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  18. Kanisan DP, Quek ZBR, Oh RM, Afiq-Rosli L, Lee JN, Huang D, et al.
    Microb Ecol, 2023 Jan;85(1):37-48.
    PMID: 35043221 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-01958-1
    Coral-associated bacteria play critical roles in the regulation of coral health and function. Environmental perturbations that alter the bacterial community structure can render the coral holobiont more susceptible and less resilient to disease. Understanding the natural variation of the coral microbiome across space and host species provides a baseline that can be used to distinguish shifts in community structure. Using a 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding approach, this study examines bacterial community structure across three scleractinian coral hosts. Our results show that corals of three regions-eastern and western Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore-host distinct bacterial communities; despite these differences, we were able to identify a core microbiome shared across all three species. This core microbiome was also present in samples previously collected in Thailand, suggesting that these core microbes play an important role in promoting and maintaining host health. For example, several have been identified as dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) metabolizers that have roles in sulfur cycling and the suppression of bacterial pathogens. Pachyseris speciosa has the most variable microbiome, followed by Porites lutea, with the composition of the Diploastrea heliopora microbiome the least variable throughout all locations. Microbial taxa associated with each region or site are likely shaped by local environmental conditions. Taken together, host identity is a major driver of differences in microbial community structure, while environmental heterogeneity shapes communities at finer scales.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  19. Wan JH, Ng LM, Neoh SZ, Kajitani R, Itoh T, Kajiwara S, et al.
    Arch Microbiol, 2023 Jan 16;205(2):66.
    PMID: 36645481 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03406-1
    Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a type of biopolymer produced by most bacteria and archaea, resembling thermoplastic with biodegradability and biocompatibility features. Here, we report the complete genome of a PHA producer, Aquitalea sp. USM4, isolated from Perak, Malaysia. This bacterium possessed a 4.2 Mb circular chromosome and a 54,370 bp plasmid. A total of 4067 predicted protein-coding sequences, 87 tRNA genes, and 25 rRNA operons were identified using PGAP. Based on ANI and dDDH analysis, the Aquitalea sp. USM4 is highly similar to Aquitalea pelogenes. We also identified genes, including acetyl-CoA (phaA), acetoacetyl-CoA (phaB), PHA synthase (phaC), enoyl-CoA hydratase (phaJ), and phasin (phaP), which play an important role in PHA production in Aquitalea sp. USM4. The heterologous expression of phaC1 from Aquitalea sp. USM4 in Cupriavidus necator PHB-4 was able to incorporate six different types of PHA monomers, which are 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV), 4-hydroxybutyrate (4HB), 5-hydroxyvalerate (5HV), 3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx) and isocaproic acid (3H4MV) with suitable precursor substrates. This is the first complete genome sequence of the genus Aquitalea among the 22 genome sequences from 4 Aquitalea species listed in the GOLD database, which provides an insight into its genome evolution and molecular machinery responsible for PHA biosynthesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  20. Ng KKS, Kobayashi MJ, Fawcett JA, Hatakeyama M, Paape T, Ng CH, et al.
    Commun Biol, 2021 Oct 07;4(1):1166.
    PMID: 34620991 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02682-1
    Hyperdiverse tropical rainforests, such as the aseasonal forests in Southeast Asia, are supported by high annual rainfall. Its canopy is dominated by the species-rich tree family of Dipterocarpaceae (Asian dipterocarps), which has both ecological (e.g., supports flora and fauna) and economical (e.g., timber production) importance. Recent ecological studies suggested that rare irregular drought events may be an environmental stress and signal for the tropical trees. We assembled the genome of a widespread but near threatened dipterocarp, Shorea leprosula, and analyzed the transcriptome sequences of ten dipterocarp species representing seven genera. Comparative genomic and molecular dating analyses suggested a whole-genome duplication close to the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event followed by the diversification of major dipterocarp lineages (i.e. Dipterocarpoideae). Interestingly, the retained duplicated genes were enriched for genes upregulated by no-irrigation treatment. These findings provide molecular support for the relevance of drought for tropical trees despite the lack of an annual dry season.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
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