METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was used in this study. The questionnaire included three domains: demographic information, vaccine hesitancy by the health belief model related to the COVID-19 vaccine, and hesitancy by attitude and conspiracy towards the COVID-19 vaccine. A total of 401 adults participated in this study.
RESULTS: The respondents' perceptions of COVID-19 susceptibility and severity showed that the participants did not feel at risk nor believe that COVID-19 was serious. Connivance beliefs were found to be associated with reliance on social media as a major source of information about COVID-19 vaccines, and lack of trust in vaccine manufacturers (pharmaceutical companies). The majority of the respondents were concerned about the efficacy and safety of the COVID-19 vaccine, which can be reported as a major barrier to vaccination.
RECOMMENDATIONS: To increase vaccination rates, health authorities need to communicate both the benefits and risks of vaccination. In addition, we recommend using a qualitative study to understand and evaluate the participants' concepts in depth.
METHODS: A computerized literature search using Medline (Ovid) and Scopus were conducted to identify relevant observational studies on the influence of different level of PA on bone acquisition among the healthy adolescent population. All articles included, were limited to original articles and English language.
RESULTS: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Reported bone outcomes were of bone mass, bone structure and bone strength. Eight studies showed positive association between adolescents' PA and high bone variables. The influence of PA may differ according to sex, skeletal sites and bone outcomes.
CONCLUSION: This study supported the importance of increase adolescents' regular PA in optimizing PBM thus preventing osteoporosis at later life.