Displaying publications 61 - 79 of 79 in total

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  1. Fulltext Amelioration of high-fat diet-induced obesity and its associated complications by a myricetin derivative-rich fraction from Syzygium malaccense in C57BL/6J mice
    Nallappan D, Chua KH, Ong KC, Chong CW, Teh CSJ, Palanisamy UD, et al.
    Food Funct, 2021 Jul 05;12(13):5876-5891.
    PMID: 34019055 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00539a
    Obesity is a driving factor in the onset of metabolic disorders. This study aims to investigate the effects of the myricetin derivative-rich fraction (MD) from Syzygium malaccense leaf extract on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and its associated complications and its influence on uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) and gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice. Mice were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 6) and given a normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks to induce obesity. The HFD groups (continued with HFD) were administered 50 mg kg-1 MD (treatment), 50 mg kg-1 metformin (positive control) and normal saline (HFD and ND controls) daily for four weeks via oral gavage. The ten-week HFD-feeding resulted in hyperglycemia and elevated urinary oxidative indices. The subsequent MD administration caused significant weight reduction without appetite suppression and amelioration of insulin resistance, steatosis and dyslipidemia. Besides, MD significantly reduced lipid hydroperoxides and protein carbonyls in tissue homogenates and urine and elevated Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and thus, alleviated oxidative stress. The weight reduction was correlated with downregulation of inflammatory markers and the increased UCP-1 level, suggesting weight loss plausibly through thermogenesis. The Akkermansia genus (reflects improved metabolic status) in the HFD50 group was more abundant than that in the HFD group while the non-enzymatic antioxidant markers were strongly associated with UCP-1. In conclusion, MD ameliorates obesity and its related complications possibly via the upregulation of UCP-1 and increased abundance of Akkermansia genus and is promising as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of obesity and its associated metabolic disorders.
  2. Fulltext Exacerbation of colon carcinogenesis by Blastocystis sp
    Kumarasamy V, Kuppusamy UR, Jayalakshmi P, Samudi C, Ragavan ND, Kumar S
    PLoS One, 2017;12(8):e0183097.
    PMID: 28859095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183097
    Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide and the number is increasing every year. Despite advances in screening programs, CRC remains as the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the molecular mechanisms of colorectal cancer (CRC) and has been shown to be associated with Blastocystis sp., a common intestinal microorganism. In the present study, we aimed to identify a role for Blastocystis sp. in exacerbating carcinogenesis using in vivo rat model. Methylene blue staining was used to identify colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and adenomas formation in infected rats whilst elevation of oxidative stress biomarker levels in the urine and serum samples were evaluated using biochemical assays. Histological changes of the intestinal mucosa were observed and a significant number of ACF was found in Blastocystis sp. infected AOM-rats compared to the AOM-controls. High levels of urinary oxidative indices including advanced oxidative protein products (AOPP) and hydrogen peroxide were observed in Blastocystis sp. infected AOM-rats compared to the uninfected AOM-rats. Our study provides evidence that Blastocystis sp. has a significant role in enhancing AOM-induced carcinogenesis by resulting damage to the intestinal epithelium and promoting oxidative damage in Blastocystis sp. infected rats.
  3. Comparison of oxidative damage in Malaysian end-stage renal disease patients with or without non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    Kuppusamy UR, Indran M, Ahmad T, Wong SW, Tan SY, Mahmood AA
    Clin Chim Acta, 2005 Jan;351(1-2):197-201.
    PMID: 15563890 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2004.09.014
    BACKGROUND: Comparisons of oxidative indices and total antioxidant status between end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with or without diabetes is scant, especially in the Asian population.
    METHOD: The assays were carried out according to known established protocols.
    RESULT: The present study showed that ESRD patients with or without non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) did not have any significant differences in antioxidant enzyme activities, advanced glycated end products (AGE), advanced oxidized protein products (AOPP) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), indicating that hyperglycemia does not exacerbate oxidative damage in ESRD. The regulation of catalase and glutathione peroxidase is also altered in ESRD. Elevated FRAP was observed in both ESRD groups (with and without NIDDM). The dialysis process did not alter the antioxidant enzyme activities but decreased AGEs and FRAP and increased AOPP levels.
    CONCLUSION: Oxidative stress is present in ESRD but this is not significantly exacerbated by hyperglycemia. The contribution of components in the pathology of renal failure towards oxidative stress exceeds that of hyperglycemia.
  4. Association between plasma soluble RAGE and renal function is unaffected by medication usage and enzymatic antioxidants in chronic kidney disease with type 2 diabetes
    Wong FN, Tan JA, Keng TC, Ng KP, Chua KH, Kuppusamy UR
    Clin Chim Acta, 2016 Jan 30;453:56-61.
    PMID: 26657980 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.12.002
    BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between soluble RAGE and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) after controlling for the potential confounding factors such as medication usage and enzymatic antioxidants.
    METHODS: A total of 222 CKD patients whose eGFR is less than 60ml/min/1.73m(2) and 111 non-CKD individuals were recruited. The study subjects were classified based on their diabetes status. The plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities as well as plasma soluble RAGE level were measured.
    RESULTS: The plasma GPx and SOD activities were significantly lower and the plasma soluble RAGE level was significantly higher in the CKD patients than in the non-CKD individuals, regardless of the diabetes status. Soluble RAGE was significantly correlated with eGFR in both diabetic CKD (D-CKD) and non-diabetic CKD (ND-CKD) patients. The association between soluble RAGE and eGFR remained largely unaffected by the confounding factors in D-CKD patients. However, the confounding effect of enzymatic antioxidants in the relationship between eGFR and soluble RAGE was observed in ND-CKD patients.
    CONCLUSION: The increased plasma level of soluble RAGE is a better indicator of renal function decline in diabetic CKD patients instead of non-diabetic CKD patients.
    KEYWORDS: Chronic kidney disease; Diabetes; Enzymatic antioxidants; Glomerular filtration rate; Medications; Soluble RAGE
  5. Myricetin derivative-rich fraction from Syzygium malaccense prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity, glucose intolerance and oxidative stress in C57BL/6J mice
    Nallappan D, Ong KC, Palanisamy UD, Chua KH, Kuppusamy UR
    Arch Physiol Biochem, 2023 Feb;129(1):186-197.
    PMID: 32813560 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1808019
    AIM: A high-fat diet (HFD) can lead to obesity and related metabolic disorders. This study evaluated the preventive efficacy of myricetin derivative-rich fraction (MD) from Syzygium malaccense leaf extract against HFD-induced obesity, hyperglycaemia, and oxidative stress in C57BL/6J mice.

    METHODS: HFD-fed mice were administered MD (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 150 mg/kg) or 2 mg/kg metformin (positive control) orally for 16 weeks. Normal diet and HFD-fed control groups received normal saline.

    RESULTS: MD dose of 50 mg/kg was better than 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg in significantly reducing weight-gain, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, lipid accumulation in liver and kidney, and improving the serum lipid profile. Lowered protein carbonyls and lipid hydroperoxides in urine and tissue homogenates and elevated reduced glutathione, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) levels in tissue homogenates indicated amelioration of oxidative stress.

    CONCLUSION: MD has therapeutic value in the prevention and management of obesity, hyperglycaemia, and oxidative stress.

  6. The Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma neo-japonicum (Agaricomycetes) Polysaccharide Extract Prevents Obesity-Induced Diabetes in C57BL/6J Mice
    Subramaniam S, Ong KC, Sabaratnam V, Chua KH, Kuppusamy UR
    Int J Med Mushrooms, 2023;25(4):27-42.
    PMID: 37075082 DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2023047595
    Ganoderma neo-japonicum Imazeki is a medicinal mushroom consumed by the indigenous people in Malaysia as a remedy for diabetes. This study aims to validate the efficacy of G. neo-japonicum polysaccharides (GNJP) on obesity-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in C57BL/6J mice. Mice were divided into seven groups; normal diet (ND)-control, high-fat-diet (HFD)-control, HFDGNJP-treated (50, 100, 200 mg/kg b.w.), HFDMET (metformin 50 mg/kg; positive-control) and ND-GNJP (200 mg/kg b.w.). Mice were administered GNJP or metformin orally for 10 weeks (thrice/week) and sacrificed after an oral glucose tolerance test. Body weight, serum biochemicals, liver histology, adipocyte gene expressions, glucose and insulin levels were measured. HFD caused obesity, dyslipidemia, and diabetes in the untreated groups. GNJP (50 mg/kg b.w.) supplementation prevented weight gain and liver steatosis, improved serum lipid profile and glucose tolerance and attenuated hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia more effectively when compared with the other treatment groups. The prevention of obesity and lipid dysregulation is plausibly attributed to the increased hormone-sensitive lipase and reduced Akt-1 and Ppary gene expressions while the up-regulation of AdipoQ (adiponectin), Prkag2 and Slc2a4 genes served to sensitize insulin and improve glucose uptake. Thus, supplementation with an appropriate dose of GNJP has promising efficacies in preventing HFD aka obesity-induced T2DM and associated metabolic abnormalities.
  7. Fulltext Attenuated levels of pro-inflammatory markers in diabetic retinopathy patients undergoing treatment with antihyperglycemic and antihypertensive drugs
    Ng ZX, Chua KH, Tajunisah I, Pendek R, Kuppusamy UR
    Clinics (Sao Paulo), 2013;68(2):185-93.
    PMID: 23525314 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2013(02)oa11
    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the circulating levels of activated nuclear factor kappa B p65 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in diabetic retinopathy patients who were taking antihyperglycemic and antihypertensive drugs.

    METHODS: In total, 235 healthy controls and 371 Type 2 diabetic patients [171 without retinopathy (DNR) and 200 patients with retinopathy (diabetic retinopathy)] were recruited for this study. Plasma and the nuclear fraction of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated for the quantification of the monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and nuclear factor kappa B p65 levels, respectively.

    RESULTS: Non-medicated diabetic retinopathy patients had significantly higher levels of activated nuclear factor kappa B p65 and plasma monocyte chemotactic protein-1 than DNR patients. Diabetic retinopathy patients who were taking antihyperglycemic and antihypertensive drugs showed significant reductions in both the nuclear factor kappa B p65 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels compared with the non-medicated patients.

    CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the significant attenuation of both the nuclear factor kappa B p65 and circulating monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels in diabetic retinopathy patients taking antihyperglycemic and antihypertensive drugs.
  8. Molecular pathways of NF-ĸB and NLRP3 inflammasome as potential targets in the treatment of inflammation in diabetic wounds: A review
    Teh HX, Phang SJ, Looi ML, Kuppusamy UR, Arumugam B
    Life Sci, 2023 Dec 01;334:122228.
    PMID: 37922981 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122228
    Diabetic wounds are slow healing wounds characterized by disordered healing processes and frequently take longer than three months to heal. One of the defining characteristics of impaired diabetic wound healing is an abnormal and unresolved inflammatory response, which is primarily brought on by abnormal macrophage innate immune signaling activation. The persistent inflammatory state in a diabetic wound may be attributed to inflammatory pathways such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ĸB) and nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which have long been associated with inflammatory diseases. Despite the available treatments for diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) that include debridement, growth factor therapy, and topical anti-bacterial agents, successful wound healing is still hampered. Further understanding of the molecular mechanism of these pathways could be useful in designing potential therapeutic targets for diabetic wound healing. This review provides an update and novel insights into the roles of NF-ĸB and NLRP3 pathways in the molecular mechanism of diabetic wound inflammation and their potential as therapeutic targets in diabetic wound healing.
  9. Fulltext 2245G/A polymorphism of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) gene is associated with diabetic retinopathy in the Malaysian population
    Ng ZX, Kuppusamy UR, Tajunisah I, Fong KC, Koay AC, Chua KH
    Br J Ophthalmol, 2012 Feb;96(2):289-92.
    PMID: 22116960 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2011-300658
    The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between 2245G/A gene polymorphism of the RAGE gene and retinopathy in Malaysian type 2 diabetic patients.
  10. PVA/PVP Nanofibres Incorporated with Ecklonia cava Phlorotannins Exhibit Excellent Cytocompatibility and Accelerate Hyperglycaemic Wound Healing
    Phang SJ, Teh HX, Looi ML, Fauzi MB, Neo YP, Arumugam B, et al.
    Tissue Eng Regen Med, 2024 Feb;21(2):243-260.
    PMID: 37865625 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00590-5
    BACKGROUND: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a major debilitating complication of diabetes. The lack of effective diabetic wound dressings has been a significant problem in DFU management. In this study, we aim to establish a phlorotannin-incorporated nanofibre system and determine its potential in accelerating hyperglycaemic wound healing.

    METHODS: The effective dose of Ecklonia cava phlorotannins (ECP) for hyperglycaemic wound healing was determined prior to phlorotannin nanofibre fabrication using polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and ECP. Vapour glutaraldehyde was used for crosslinking of the PVA/PVP nanofibres. The phlorotannin nanofibres were characterised, and their safety and cytocompatibility were validated. Next, the wound healing effect of phlorotannin nanofibres was determined with 2D wound scratch assay, whereas immunofluorescence staining of Collagen-I (Col-I) and Cytokeratin-14 (CK-14) was performed in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK), respectively.

    RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that 0.01 μg/mL ECP significantly improved hyperglycaemic wound healing without compromising cell viability and proliferation. Among all nanofibres, PVA/PVP/0.01 wt% ECP nanofibres exhibited the best hyperglycaemic wound healing effect. They displayed a diameter of 334.7 ± 10.1 nm, a porosity of 40.7 ± 3.3%, and a WVTR of 1718.1 ± 32.3 g/m2/day. Besides, the FTIR spectra and phlorotannin release profile validated the successful vapour glutaraldehyde crosslinking and ECP incorporation. We also demonstrated the potential of phlorotannin nanofibres as a non-cytotoxic wound dressing as they support the viability and proliferation of both HDF and HEK. Furthermore, phlorotannin nanofibres significantly ameliorated the impaired hyperglycaemic wound healing and restored the hyperglycaemic-induced Col-I reduction in HDF.

    CONCLUSION: Taken together, our findings show that phlorotannin nanofibres have the potential to be used as a diabetic wound dressing.

  11. Fulltext Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Following Crush Injury to Rat Peroneal Nerve by Aqueous Extract of Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: Fr) Pers. (Aphyllophoromycetideae)
    Wong KH, Naidu M, David P, Abdulla MA, Abdullah N, Kuppusamy UR, et al.
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2011;2011:580752.
    PMID: 21941586 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/neq062
    Nerve crush injury is a well-established axonotmetic model in experimental regeneration studies to investigate the impact of various pharmacological treatments. Hericium erinaceus is a temperate mushroom but is now being cultivated in tropical Malaysia. In this study, we investigated the activity of aqueous extract of H. erinaceus fresh fruiting bodies in promoting functional recovery following an axonotmetic peroneal nerve injury in adult female Sprague-Dawley rats by daily oral administration. The aim was to investigate the possible use of this mushroom in the treatment of injured nerve. Functional recovery was assessed in behavioral experiment by walking track analysis. Peroneal functional index (PFI) was determined before surgery and after surgery as rats showed signs of recovery. Histological examinations were performed on peroneal nerve by immunofluorescence staining and neuromuscular junction by combined silver-cholinesterase stain. Analysis of PFI indicated that return of hind limb function occurred earlier in rats of aqueous extract or mecobalamin (positive control) group compared to negative control group. Regeneration of axons and reinnervation of motor endplates in extensor digitorum longus muscle in rats of aqueous extract or mecobalamin group developed better than in negative control group. These data suggest that daily oral administration of aqueous extract of H. erinaceus fresh fruiting bodies could promote the regeneration of injured rat peroneal nerve in the early stage of recovery.
  12. Fulltext Nutritional Composition, Antioxidant Activities, and Antiulcer Potential of Lentinus squarrosulus (Mont.) Mycelia Extract
    Mhd Omar NA, Abdullah N, Kuppusamy UR, Abdulla MA, Sabaratnam V
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2011;2011:539356.
    PMID: 21423634 DOI: 10.1155/2011/539356
    Water extract of Lentinus squarrosulus mycelia was analysed for nutritional content, antioxidant capacity, and antiulcer ability. The extract contains high protein (57.6 g/100 g) and low total fat (0.5 g/100 g) and is rich in magnesium (0.4 g/100 g), potassium (3.8 g/100 g), vitamins B(1) (1.42 mg/100 g), and B(3) (194.29 mg/100 g) with total phenolic content of 39.16 mg/100 g. The cupric reducing antioxidant capacity and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of the extract were A(450) of 0.20 ± 0.03 at 0.5 mg/ml and IC(50) of 14.29 mg/ml, respectively. Oral feeding of L. squarrosulus extract (250 mg/kg) offered significant gastric mucosal protection of Sprague-Dawley rats compared to cimetidine (50 mg/kg). The ulcer healing rate of ulcerated rats after 24, 48, and 72 hours of treatment was 82%, 90%, and 100%, respectively. The IL-1β level in the serum and the NF-κB level in the tissues indicate that the healing potential was associated with attenuation of proinflammatory cytokines.
  13. Fulltext Corrigendum to "Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Following Crush Injury to Rat Peroneal Nerve by Aqueous Extract of Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: Fr) Pers. (Aphyllophoromycetideae)"
    Wong KH, Naidu M, David P, Abdulla MA, Abdullah N, Kuppusamy UR, et al.
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2018;2018:9820769.
    PMID: 30643540 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9820769
    [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ecam/neq062.].
  14. Fulltext Gastroprotective Effects of Lion's Mane Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Bull.:Fr.) Pers. (Aphyllophoromycetideae) Extract against Ethanol-Induced Ulcer in Rats
    Wong JY, Abdulla MA, Raman J, Phan CW, Kuppusamy UR, Golbabapour S, et al.
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013;2013:492976.
    PMID: 24302966 DOI: 10.1155/2013/492976
    Hericium erinaceus is a famous tonic in oriental medicine. The gastroprotective effects of aqueous extract of H. erinaceus against ethanol-induced ulcers in Sprague Dawley rats were investigated. The possible involvements of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were also investigated. Acute toxicity study was performed. The effects of aqueous extract of H. erinaceus on the ulcer areas, ulcer inhibition, gastric wall mucus, gross and histological gastric lesions, antioxidant levels, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were evaluated in ethanol-induced ulcer in vivo. In acute toxicity study, a high dose of 5 g/kg did not manifest any toxicological signs in rats. The extract promoted ulcer protection as ascertained by a significant reduction of the ulcer area. Furthermore, it exhibited a significant protection activity against gastric mucosal injury by preventing the depletion of antioxidant enzymes. The level of MDA was also limited in rat stomach tissues when compared with the ulcer control group. Immunohistochemistry showed upregulation of HSP70 protein and downregulation of BAX protein in rats pretreated with the extract. The aqueous extract of H. erinaceus protected gastric mucosa in our in vivo model. It is speculated that the bioactive compounds present in the extract may play a major role in gastroprotective activity.
  15. Fulltext Amauroderma rugosum (Blume & T. Nees) Torrend: Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant and Potential Anti-Inflammatory Properties
    Chan PM, Kanagasabapathy G, Tan YS, Sabaratnam V, Kuppusamy UR
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013;2013:304713.
    PMID: 24371454 DOI: 10.1155/2013/304713
    Amauroderma rugosum is a wild mushroom that is worn as a necklace by the indigenous communities in Malaysia to prevent fits and incessant crying by babies. The aim of this study was to investigate the nutritive composition and antioxidant potential and anti-inflammatory effects of A. rugosum extracts on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Nutritional analysis of freeze-dried mycelia of A. rugosum (KUM 61131) from submerged culture indicated a predominant presence of carbohydrates, proteins, dietary fibre, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium. The ethanol crude extract (EE), its hexane (HF), ethyl acetate (EAF), and aqueous (AF) fractions of mycelia of A. rugosum grown in submerged culture were evaluated for antioxidant potential and anti-inflammatory effects. EAF exhibited the highest total phenolic content and the strongest antioxidant activity based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays. HF showed dose-dependent inhibition of NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and NO radical scavenging activity. Gas chromatographic analysis of HF revealed the presence of ethyl linoleate and ergosterol, compounds with known anti-inflammatory properties. In conclusion, the nutritive compositions and significant antioxidant potential and anti-inflammatory effects of mycelia extracts of A. rugosum have the potential to serve as a therapeutic agent or adjuvant in the management of inflammatory disorders.
  16. Fulltext Polysaccharides-Rich Extract of Ganoderma lucidum (M.A. Curtis:Fr.) P. Karst Accelerates Wound Healing in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
    Cheng PG, Phan CW, Sabaratnam V, Abdullah N, Abdulla MA, Kuppusamy UR
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013;2013:671252.
    PMID: 24348715 DOI: 10.1155/2013/671252
    Ganoderma lucidum (M.A. Curtis:Fr.) P. Karst is a popular medicinal mushroom. Scientific reports had shown that the wound healing effects of G. lucidum were partly attributed to its rich polysaccharides. However, little attention has been paid to its potential effects on wounds associated with diabetes mellitus. In this study, we evaluated the wound healing activity of the hot aqueous extract of G. lucidum in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The extract of G. lucidum was standardised based on chemical contents (w/w) of total polysaccharides (25.1%), ganoderic acid A (0.45%), and adenosine (0.069%). Six groups of six rats were experimentally wounded in the posterior neck region. Intrasite gel was used as a positive control and aqueous cream as the placebo. Topical application with 10% (w/w) of mushroom extract-incorporated aqueous cream was more effective than that with Intrasite gel in terms of wound closure. The antioxidant activity in serum of rats treated with aqueous extract of G. lucidum was significantly higher; whereas the oxidative protein products and lipid damage were lower when compared to those of the controls. These findings strongly support the beneficial effects of standardised aqueous extract of G. lucidum in accelerating wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
  17. Fulltext Beta-Glucan-Rich Extract from Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer Prevents Obesity and Oxidative Stress in C57BL/6J Mice Fed on a High-Fat Diet
    Kanagasabapathy G, Malek SN, Mahmood AA, Chua KH, Vikineswary S, Kuppusamy UR
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013;2013:185259.
    PMID: 23737819 DOI: 10.1155/2013/185259
    Mushrooms have been used in folk medicine for thousands of years. In this study, the effect of β -glucan-rich extract of P. sajor-caju (GE) on lipid lowering and antioxidant potential was assessed in C57BL/6J mice fed on a high-fat diet. Obesity was induced in C57BL/6J mice by feeding a high-fat diet. The control groups in this study were ND (for normal diet) and HFD (for high-fat diet). The treated groups were ND240 (for normal diet) (240 mg/kg b.w) and HFD60, HFD120, and HFD240 (for high-fat diet), where the mice were administrated with three dosages of GE (60, 120, and 240 mg GE/kg b.w). Metformin (2 mg/kg b.w) served as positive control. GE-treated groups showed significantly reduced body weight, serum lipid, and liver enzymes levels. GE also attenuated protein carbonyl and lipid hydroperoxide levels by increasing the enzymic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, and GPx) activities in the mice. GE-treated groups induced the expression of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) while downregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR- γ ), sterol regulatory binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Hence, GE prevented weight gain in the mice by inducing lipolysis and may be valuable in the formulation of adjuvant therapy for obesity.
  18. Fulltext Hepatoprotective Effects of Panus giganteus (Berk.) Corner against Thioacetamide- (TAA-) Induced Liver Injury in Rats
    Wong WL, Abdulla MA, Chua KH, Kuppusamy UR, Tan YS, Sabaratnam V
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2012;2012:170303.
    PMID: 22649470 DOI: 10.1155/2012/170303
    Panus giganteus, a culinary and medicinal mushroom consumed by selected indigenous communities in Malaysia, is currently being considered for large scale cultivation. This study was undertaken to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of P. giganteus against thioacetamide- (TAA-) induced liver injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were injected intraperitoneally with TAA thrice weekly and were orally administered freeze-dried fruiting bodies of P. giganteus (0.5 or 1 g/kg) daily for two months, while control rats were given vehicle or P. giganteus only. After 60 days, rats administered with P. giganteus showed lower liver body weight ratio, restored levels of serum liver biomarkers and oxidative stress parameters comparable to treatment with the standard drug silymarin. Gross necropsy and histopathological examination further confirmed the hepatoprotective effects of P. giganteus. This is the first report on hepatoprotective effects of P. giganteus. The present study showed that P. giganteus was able to prevent or reduce the severity of TAA-induced liver injury.
  19. Neurotrophic properties of the Lion's mane medicinal mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) from Malaysia
    Lai PL, Naidu M, Sabaratnam V, Wong KH, David RP, Kuppusamy UR, et al.
    Int J Med Mushrooms, 2013;15(6):539-54.
    PMID: 24266378
    Neurotrophic factors are important in promoting the growth and differentiation of neurons. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is essential for the maintenance of the basal forebrain cholinergic system. Hericenones and erinacines isolated from the medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus can induce NGF synthesis in nerve cells. In this study, we evaluated the synergistic interaction between H. erinaceus aqueous extract and exogenous NGF on the neurite outgrowth stimulation of neuroblastoma-glioma cell NG108-15. The neuroprotective effect of the mushroom extract toward oxidative stress was also studied. Aqueous extract of H. erinaceus was shown to be non-cytotoxic to human lung fibroblast MRC-5 and NG108-15 cells. The combination of 10 ng/mL NGF with 1 μg/mL mushroom extract yielded the highest percentage increase of 60.6% neurite outgrowth. The extract contained neuroactive compounds that induced the secretion of extracellular NGF in NG108-15 cells, thereby promoting neurite outgrowth activity. However, the H. erinaceus extract failed to protect NG108-15 cells subjected to oxidative stress when applied in pre-treatment and co-treatment modes. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of H. erinaceus contained neuroactive compounds which induced NGF-synthesis and promoted neurite outgrowth in NG108-15 cells. The extract also enhanced the neurite outgrowth stimulation activity of NGF when applied in combination. The aqueous preparation of H. erinaceus had neurotrophic but not neuroprotective activities.
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