Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 2172 in total

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  1. Mohd Rani F, Lean SS, A Rahman NI, Ismail S, Alattraqchi AG, Amonov M, et al.
    J Glob Antimicrob Resist, 2022 Dec;31:104-109.
    PMID: 36049733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.08.019
    OBJECTIVES: To analyse the genome sequences of four archival Acinetobacter nosocomialis clinical isolates (designated AC13, AC15, AC21 and AC25) obtained from Terengganu, Malaysia in 2011 to determine their genetic relatedness and basis of antimicrobial resistance.

    METHODS: Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the A. nosocomialis isolates were determined by disk diffusion. Genome sequencing was performed using the Illumina NextSeq platform.

    RESULTS: The four A. nosocomialis isolates were cefotaxime resistant whereas three isolates (namely, AC13, AC15 and AC25) were tetracycline resistant. The carriage of the blaADC-255-encoded cephalosporinase gene is likely responsible for cefotaxime resistance in all four isolates. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the three tetracycline-resistant isolates were closely related, with an average nucleotide identity of 99.9%, suggestive of nosocomial spread, whereas AC21 had an average nucleotide identity of 97.9% when compared to these three isolates. The tetracycline-resistant isolates harboured two plasmids: a 13476 bp Rep3-family plasmid of the GR17 group designated pAC13-1, which encodes the tetA(39) tetracycline-resistance gene, and pAC13-2, a 4872 bp cryptic PriCT-1-family plasmid of a new Acinetobacter plasmid group, GR60. The tetA(39) gene was in a 2 001 bp fragment flanked by XerC/XerD recombination sites characteristic of a mobile pdif module. Both plasmids also harboured mobilisation/transfer-related genes.

    CONCLUSIONS: Genome sequencing of A. nosocomialis isolates led to the discovery of two novel plasmids, one of which encodes the tetA(39) tetracycline-resistant gene in a mobile pdif module. The high degree of genetic relatedness among the three tetracycline-resistant A. nosocomialis isolates is indicative of nosocomial transmission.

    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
  2. Ahmed S, Ahmed MZ, Rafique S, Almasoudi SE, Shah M, Jalil NAC, et al.
    Biomed Res Int, 2023;2023:5250040.
    PMID: 36726844 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5250040
    Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a ubiquitous public health menace. AMR emergence causes complications in treating infections contributing to an upsurge in the mortality rate. The epidemic of AMR in sync with a high utilization rate of antimicrobial drugs signifies an alarming situation for the fleet recovery of both animals and humans. The emergence of resistant species calls for new treatments and therapeutics. Current records propose that health drug dependency, veterinary medicine, agricultural application, and vaccination reluctance are the primary etymology of AMR gene emergence and spread. Recently, several encouraging avenues have been presented to contest resistance, such as antivirulent therapy, passive immunization, antimicrobial peptides, vaccines, phage therapy, and botanical and liposomal nanoparticles. Most of these therapies are used as cutting-edge methodologies to downplay antibacterial drugs to subdue the resistance pressure, which is a featured motive of discussion in this review article. AMR can fade away through the potential use of current cutting-edge therapeutics, advancement in antimicrobial susceptibility testing, new diagnostic testing, prompt clinical response, and probing of new pharmacodynamic properties of antimicrobials. It also needs to promote future research on contemporary methods to maintain host homeostasis after infections caused by AMR. Referable to the microbial ability to break resistance, there is a great ultimatum for using not only appropriate and advanced antimicrobial drugs but also other neoteric diverse cutting-edge therapeutics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
  3. Al-Khdhairawi A, Sanuri D, Akbar R, Lam SD, Sugumar S, Ibrahim N, et al.
    Comput Biol Chem, 2023 Feb;102:107800.
    PMID: 36516617 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2022.107800
    Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short peptides with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. They play a key role in the host innate immunity of many organisms. The growing threat of microorganisms resistant to antimicrobial agents and the lack of new commercially available antibiotics have made in silico discovery of AMPs increasingly important. Machine learning (ML) has improved the speed and efficiency of AMP discovery while reducing the cost of experimental approaches. Despite various ML platforms developed, there is still a lack of integrative use of ML platforms for AMP discovery from publicly available protein databases. Therefore, our study aims to screen potential AMPs with antibiofilm properties from databases using ML platforms, followed by protein-peptide molecular docking analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. A total of 5850 peptides classified as non-AMP were screened from UniProtKB and analyzed using various online ML platforms (e.g., CAMPr3, DBAASP, dPABBs, Hemopred, and ToxinPred). Eight potential AMP peptides against Klebsiella pneumoniae with antibiofilm, non-toxic and non-hemolytic properties were then docked to MrkH, a transcriptional regulator of type 3 fimbriae involved in biofilm formation. Five of eight peptides bound more strongly than the native MrkH ligand when analyzed using HADDOCK and HPEPDOCK. Following the docking studies, our MD simulated that a Neuropeptide B (Peptide 3) bind strongly to the MrkH active sites. The discovery of putative AMPs that exceed the binding energies of the native ligand underscores the utility of the combined ML and molecular simulation strategies for discovering novel AMPs with antibiofilm properties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
  4. Alrabie A, Al-Rabie NA, Al Saeedy M, Al Adhreai A, Al-Qadsy I, Farooqui M
    Nat Prod Res, 2023 Mar;37(6):1016-1022.
    PMID: 35801965 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2097227
    Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of methanol extract of Martynia annua seed revealed the presence of haploperozide and austricine. For safety, heavy metals content investigation of plant powder using the Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique showed that the toxic metals (Pb: 2.07 mg/kg; Cd: 0.07 mg/kg; and As: 0.18 mg/kg) concentrations were found to be below the permissible limit. The extract demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against E. coli (MIC value 125 g/mL). Furthermore, it was effective in inhibiting both α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes with a high percentage and IC50 values were 42.28 ± 0.39 µg/mL and 34.11 ± 0.31 µg/mL, respectively. These findings were supported by a molecular docking study, some of the phytochemicals showed higher docking score values than references. However, Martynia annua seeds are safe to consume because they contain low levels of toxic heavy metals and possess antibacterial and anti-diabetic properties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
  5. Shahdadi F, Faryabi M, Khan H, Sardoei AS, Fazeli-Nasab B, Goh BH, et al.
    Molecules, 2023 Jun 05;28(11).
    PMID: 37299028 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114554
    Mentha longifolia is a valuable medicinal and aromatic plant that belongs to Lamiaceae family. This study looked at the antibacterial effects of M. longifolia essential oil and pulegone in edible coatings made of chitosan and alginate on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli in cheese. For this purpose, first fresh mint plant was collected from the cold region of Jiroft in Kerman province. Plant samples were dried in the shade at ambient temperature, and essential oil was prepared using Clevenger. The essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography using mass spectrometric (GC/MS) detection. The major composition of M. longifolia oil was pulegone (26.07%), piperitone oxide (19.72%), and piperitone (11.88%). The results showed that adding M. longifolia essential oils and pulegone to edible coatings significantly reduced the growth of bacteria during storage. The bacterial population decreased by increasing the concentration of chitosan, M. longifolia, and pulegone in edible coatings. When the effects of pulegone and M. longifolia essential oils on bacteria were compared, it was found that pulegone had a stronger effect on bacterial population reduction. Coating treatments showed more antibacterial activity on E. coli than other bacteria. In general, the results of this research showed that alginate and chitosan coatings along with M. longifolia essential oil and its active ingredient pulegone had antibacterial effects against S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, and E. coli in cheese.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/analysis; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
  6. Ayipo YO, Ahmad I, Alananzeh W, Lawal A, Patel H, Mordi MN
    J Biomol Struct Dyn, 2023 Nov;41(19):10096-10116.
    PMID: 36476097 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2153168
    Antibiotic resistance (AR) remains one of the leading global health challenges, mostly implicated in disease-related deaths. The Enterobacteriaceae-producing metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) are critically involved in AR pathogenesis through Zn-dependent catalytic destruction of β-lactam antibiotics, yet with limited successful clinical inhibitors. The efficacy of relevant broad-spectrum β-lactams including imipenem and meropenem are seriously challenged by their susceptibility to the Zn-dependent carbapenemase hydrolysis, as such, searching for alternatives remains imperative. In this study, computational molecular modelling and virtual screening methods were extensively applied to identify new putative Zn-sensitive broad-spectrum inhibitors of MBLs, specifically imipenemase-1 (IMP-1) from the IBScreen database. Three ligands, STOCK3S-30154, STOCK3S-30418 and STOCK3S-30514 selectively displayed stronger binding interactions with the enzymes compared to reference inhibitors, imipenem and meropenem. For instance, the ligands showed molecular docking scores of -9.450, -8.005 and -10.159 kcal/mol, and MM-GBSA values of -40.404, -31.902 and -33.680 kcal/mol respectively against the IMP-1. Whereas, imipenem and meropenem showed docking scores of -9.038 and -10.875 kcal/mol, and MM-GBSA of -31.184 and -32.330 kcal/mol respectively against the enzyme. The ligands demonstrated good thermodynamic stability and compactness in complexes with IMP-1 throughout the 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories. Interestingly, their binding affinities and stabilities were significantly affected in contacts with the remodelled Zn-deficient IMP-1, indicating sensitivity to the carbapenemase active Zn site, however, with non-β-lactam scaffolds, tenable to resist catalytic hydrolysis. They displayed ideal drug-like ADMET properties, thus, representing putative Zn-sensitive non-β-lactam inhibitors of IMP-1 amenable for further experimental studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
  7. Alrabie A, Alrabie NA, AlSaeedy M, Al-Adhreai A, Al-Qadsy I, Al-Horaibi SA, et al.
    Nat Prod Res, 2023 Jul;37(13):2263-2268.
    PMID: 36441059 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2149519
    The Bombax ceiba L. tree is a member of the family Bombacaceae and the genus Bombax. Both Chinese and Indian traditional medicine have made extensive use of it in the treatment of sickness. Its chemical composition is still a mystery. B. ceiba roots methanol extract (BCRME) was analyzed by different chromatographic analytical techniques in order to identify its major chemical constituents. Twelve compounds and six compounds were identified from GC-MS and LC-MS analysis, respectively. This is the first report on the presence of lathodoratin, cedrene, 4H-1-benzopyran-4-one,8-[{dimethylamino} methyl]-7-methoxy-3-methyl-2-phenyl, asiatic acid, and (E)-2,4,4'-trihydroxylchalcone in B. ceiba roots. Methanol extract demonstrated noteworthy antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC96) (MIC: 100 µg/mL) compare to antibiotic ampicillin (MIC: 250 µg/mL) as well as the highest α-amylase inhibition (IC50=26.91 µg/mL) and α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50=21.21 µg/mL) effects, molecular docking study confirmed these findings, with some compounds having a very high docking score.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
  8. Dewayani A, Afrida Fauzia K, Alfaray RI, Waskito LA, Doohan D, Rejeki PS, et al.
    PLoS One, 2023;18(5):e0284958.
    PMID: 37200323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284958
    INTRODUCTION: Inadequate antimicrobial treatment has led to multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, including Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), which one of the notable pathogens in the stomach. Antibiotic-induced changes in the microbiota can negatively affect the host. This study aimed to determine the influence of H. pylori resistance on the diversity and abundance of the stomach microbiome.

    METHODS: Bacterial DNA was extracted from biopsy samples of patients presenting dyspepsia symptoms with H. pylori positive from cultures and histology. DNA was amplified from the V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. In-vitro E-test was used to detect antibiotic resistance. Microbiome community analysis was conducted through α-diversity, β-diversity, and relative abundance.

    RESULTS: Sixty-nine H. pylori positive samples were eligible after quality filtering. Following resistance status to five antibiotics, samples were classified into 24 sensitive, 24 single resistance, 16 double resistance, 5 triple resistance. Samples were mostly resistant to metronidazole (73.33%; 33/45). Comparation of four groups displayed significantly elevated α-diversity parameters under the multidrug resistance condition (all P <0.05). A notable change was observed in triple-resistant compared to sensitive (P <0.05) and double-resistant (P <0.05) groups. Differences in β-diversity by UniFrac and Jaccard were not significant in terms of the resistance (P = 0.113 and P = 0.275, respectively). In the triple-resistant group, the relative abundance of Helicobacter genera was lower, whereas that of Streptococcus increased. Moreover, the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) was associated with the presence of Corynebacterium and Saccharimonadales in the single-resistant group and Pseudomonas and Cloacibacterium in the triple-resistant group.

    CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the resistant samples showed a higher trend of diversity and evenness than the sensitive samples. The abundance of H. pylori in the triple-resistant samples decreased with increasing cohabitation of pathogenic bacteria, which may support antimicrobial resistance. However, antibiotic susceptibility determined by the E-test may not completely represent the resistance status.

    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
  9. Kah Sem NAD, Abd Gani S, Chong CM, Natrah I, Shamsi S
    Int J Mol Sci, 2023 Aug 08;24(16).
    PMID: 37628723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612542
    Vibriosis is one of the most common diseases in marine aquaculture, caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Vibrio, that has been affecting many species of economically significant aquatic organisms around the world. The prevention of vibriosis in aquaculture is difficult, and the various treatments for vibriosis have their limitations. Therefore, there is an imperative need to find new alternatives. This review is based on the studies on vibriosis, specifically on the various treatments and their limitations, as well as the application of nanoparticles in aquaculture. One of the promising nanoparticles is graphene oxide (GO), which has been used in various applications, particularly in biological applications such as biosensors, drug delivery, and potential treatment for infectious diseases. GO has been shown to have anti-bacterial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but no research has been published that emphasizes its impact on Vibrio spp. The review aims to explore the potential use of GO for treatment against vibriosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
  10. Tan YY, Wong LS, Nyam KL, Wittayanarakul K, Zawawi NA, Rajendran K, et al.
    Molecules, 2023 Sep 22;28(19).
    PMID: 37836592 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196749
    Zinc oxide nanoparticles have high levels of biocompatibility, a low impact on environmental contamination, and suitable to be used as an ingredient for environmentally friendly skincare products. In this study, biogenically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using Dendrobium anosum are used as a reducing and capping agent for topical anti-acne nanogels, and the antimicrobial effect of the nanogel is assessed on Cutibacterium acne and Staphylococcus aureus. Dendrobium anosmum leaf extract was examined for the presence of secondary metabolites and its total amount of phenolic and flavonoid content was determined. Both the biogenically and chemogenic-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were compared using UV-Visible spectrophotometer, FE-SEM, XRD, and FTIR. To produce the topical nanogel, the biogenic and chemogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles were mixed with a carbomer and hydroxypropyl-methyl cellulose (HPMC) polymer. The mixtures were then tested for physical and chemical characteristics. To assess their anti-acne effectiveness, the mixtures were tested against C. acne and S. aureus. The biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles have particle sizes of 20 nm and a high-phase purity. In comparison to chemogenic nanoparticles, the hydrogels with biogenically synthesized nanoparticles was more effective against Gram-positive bacteria. Through this study, the hybrid nanogels was proven to be effective against the microbes that cause acne and to be potentially used as a green product against skin infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
  11. Wei YM, Tong WY, Tan JS, Lim V, Leong CR, Tan WN
    Curr Microbiol, 2024 Mar 10;81(4):108.
    PMID: 38461425 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03627-7
    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections have become one of the most threatening multidrug-resistant pathogens. Thus, an ongoing search for anti-MRSA compounds remains an urgent need to effectively treating MRSA infections. Phomopsidione, a novel antibiotic isolated from Diaporthe fraxini, has previously demonstrated potent anti-candidal activity. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of phomopsidione on the viability, virulence, and metabolites profile of MRSA. MRSA was sensitive to phomopsidione in a concentration-dependent manner. Phomopsidione exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of 62.5 and 500.00 µg/mL against MRSA on broth microdilution assay. The compound showed significant reduction in virulence factors production including extracellular polymeric substances quantification, catalase, and lipase. An untargeted metabolomics analysis using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry revealed a significant difference in the metabolites profile of MRSA with 13 putatively identified discriminant metabolites. The present study suggested the potential of phomopsidione as a promising anti-MRSA agent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
  12. Ahmad A, Khan MU, Patel I, Maharaj S, Pandey S, Dhingra S
    J Res Pharm Pract, 2015 Jan-Mar;4(1):37-41.
    PMID: 25710049 DOI: 10.4103/2279-042X.150057
    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of B.Sc. Pharmacy students about usage and resistance of antibiotics in Trinidad and Tobago.
    METHODS: This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study involving B.Sc. Pharmacy students. The questionnaire was divided into five components including Demographics data, knowledge about antibiotic use, attitude toward antibiotic use and resistance, self-antibiotic usage and possible causes of antibiotic resistance. Data were analyzed by employing Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests using SPSS version 20.
    FINDINGS: The response rate was 83.07%. The results showed good knowledge of antibiotic use among students. The overall attitude of pharmacy students was poor. About 75% of participants rarely use antibiotics, whereas self-decision was the major reason of antibiotic use (40.7%) and main source of information was retail pharmacist (42.6%). Common cold and flu is a major problem for which antibiotics were mainly utilized by pharmacy students (35.2%).
    CONCLUSION: The study showed good knowledge of pharmacy students regarding antibiotic usage. However, students' attitude towards antibiotic use was poor. The study recommends future studies to be conducted with interventional design to improve knowledge and attitude of pharmacy students about antibiotic use and resistance.
    KEYWORDS: Antibiotics; Trinidad and Tobago; knowledge; pharmacy students; resistance
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents*
  13. Jeevajothi Nathan J, Mohd Taib N, Mohd Desa MN, Masri SN, Md Yasin R, Jamal F, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Apr;68(2):119-24.
    PMID: 23629556 MyJurnal
    The in vitro activities of 6 antimicrobial agents against clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci) were investigated and the erythromycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were correlated with the two major macrolide resistance determinants, mef(A) and erm(B). MICs of commonly used antibiotics as well as the presence of macrolide resistance determinant genes in all isolates were tested. Seventy one pneumococcal isolates collected at Institute for Medical Research (IMR) were included in this study. Phenotypic characterization, MIC determination using E-test strips and polymerase chain reactions for antibiotic resistance determination were included. Among the isolates, 25 (35.2%) isolates were erythromycin susceptible, 3 (4.2%) were intermediate and 42 (60.6%) were resistant. Fifty three isolates (74.7%) were found with mef(A) alone, 15 (21.1%) isolates with erm(B) + mef(A) combination and 3 (4.2%) isolates with none of the two genes. The in vitro activity of penicillin, amoxicillin clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone and cefotaxime is superior to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and erythromycin. In conclusion, pneumococcal isolates in this study were highly susceptible to penicillin with very low MICs. However, a very high prevalence rate of erythromycin resistance was observed. Erythromycin resistant S. pneumoniae isolates with both mef(A) and erm(B) showed very high MICs ≥256 μg/mL.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
  14. Puthucheary SD, Chen ST, Dugdale AE
    Med J Malaya, 1972 Jun;26(4):262-5.
    PMID: 5069415
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology*
  15. Pachaiappan R, Rajendran S, Show PL, Manavalan K, Naushad M
    Chemosphere, 2021 Jun;272:128607.
    PMID: 33097236 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128607
    Many microbial species causing infectious disease all over the world became a social burden and creating threat among community. These microbes possess long lifetime, enhancing mortality and morbidity rate in affected organisms. In this condition, the treatment was ineffective and more chances of spreading of infection into other organisms. Hence, it is necessary to initiate infection control efforts and prevention activities against multidrug resistant microbes, to reduce the death rate of people. Seriously concerning towards this problem progress was shown in developing significant drugs with least side effects. Emergence of nanoparticles and its novelty showed effective role in targeting and destructing microbes well. Further, many research works have shown nanocomposites developed from nanoparticles coupled with other nanoparticles, polymers, carbon material acted as an exotic substance against microbes causing severe loss. However, metal and metal oxide nanocomposites have gained interest due to its small size and enhancing the surface contact with bacteria, producing damage to it. The bactericidal mechanism of metal and metal oxide nanocomposites involve in the production of reactive oxygen species which includes superoxide radical anions, hydrogen peroxide anions and hydrogen peroxide which interact with the cell wall of bacteria causing damage to the cell membrane in turn inhibiting the further growth of cell with leakage of internal cellular components, leading to death of bacteria. This review provides the detailed view on antibacterial activity of metal and metal oxide nanocomposite which possessed novelty due to its physiochemical changes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
  16. Sivaranjan K, Santhanalakshmi J, Panneer DS, Vivekananthan S, Sagadevan S, Johan MRB, et al.
    J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2020 02 01;20(2):918-923.
    PMID: 31383087 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2020.16895
    Herein, we report the facile synthesis of Iron oxide@Pt core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) by facile two step synthesis process. The first step follows the growth of iron oxide nanoparticle by thermal decomposition process while the second step deals with the formation of iron oxide@Pt core-shell nanoparticles by the chemical reduction method. The synthesized core-shell nanoparticles were characterized by several techniques and used for the catalytic reductive translation of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in the presence of formic acid by a UV-vis spectrophotometer. The UV photo-spectrometer analysis confirmed the conversion efficiency from 12% to as high as 98.8% at the end of 30 minutes. Thus, the presence of Iron oxide @Pt core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) can be effectively used as a catalyst for the reducion of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) ions. Additionally, antibacterial studies were performed for the prepared core-shell nanoparticles against two bacterial strains, i.e., gram (+ve) Staphylococcus Aureus (S. Aureus) and gram (-ve) Escherichia Coli (E. Coli).
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
  17. Teo BSX, Gan RY, Abdul Aziz S, Sirirak T, Mohd Asmani MF, Yusuf E
    J Cosmet Dermatol, 2021 Mar;20(3):993-1001.
    PMID: 32659861 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13624
    BACKGROUND: Eucheuma Cottonii is a type of red algae obtained from Sabah with main active component, sulfated polysaccharide or k-carrageenan.

    AIMS: The objective of this research was to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial and potential wound-healing properties in aqueous extraction of E cottonii in order to meet the increasing demand for halal and natural cosmeceutical products.

    METHODS AND RESULTS: Aqueous extract of E cottonii was investigated for active compounds by phytochemical screening and IR spectroscopy. Antioxidant activity was carried out using DPPH method, and the IC50 value was 1.99 mg/mL. Antibacterial activity was examined against Staphylococcus Aureus using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and showed 10.03 ± 0.06 mm zone of inhibition, achieved by 200 mg/mL of extracts. A wound was made by skin excision of area around 100 mm2 on each mouse. Test group was treated with aqueous extract gel (10% w/w); meanwhile, the mice that were treated with honey acted as the positive control group and the untreated mice as negative control group. Results showed that the wound contraction rate inclined to aqueous extracts as compared to untreated group (P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
  18. Ten KE, Md Zoqratt MZH, Ayub Q, Tan HS
    BMC Res Notes, 2021 Mar 04;14(1):83.
    PMID: 33663564 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05493-z
    OBJECTIVE: The nosocomial pathogen, Acinetobacter baumannii, has acquired clinical significance due to its ability to persist in hospital settings and survive antibiotic treatment, which eventually resulted in the rapid spread of this bacterium with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes. This study used a multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (strain ATCC BAA1605) as a model to study the genomic features of this pathogen.

    RESULTS: One circular chromosome and one circular plasmid were discovered in the complete genome of A. baumannii ATCC BAA1605 using whole-genome sequencing. The chromosome is 4,039,171 bp long with a GC content of 39.24%. Many AMR genes, which confer resistance to major classes of antibiotics (beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, sulphonamides), were found on the chromosome. Two genomic islands were predicted on the chromosome, one of which (Genomic Island 1) contains a cluster of AMR genes and mobile elements, suggesting the possibility of horizontal gene transfer. A subtype I-F CRISPR-Cas system was also identified on the chromosome of A. baumannii ATCC BAA1605. This study provides valuable genome data that can be used as a reference for future studies on A. baumannii. The genome of A. baumannii ATCC BAA1605 has been deposited at GenBank under accession no. CP058625 and CP058626.

    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
  19. Akhtar A, Khan AH, Zainal H, Ahmad Hassali MA, Ali I, Ming LC
    Front Public Health, 2020;8:601961.
    PMID: 33324603 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.601961
    Background: Unnecessary antimicrobial use is an emerging problem throughout the world. To design future interventions to ensure rational antimicrobial use and decrease the risk of antimicrobial resistance, physician's knowledge and prescribing practices of antimicrobials should be assessed. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to investigate the physician's knowledge along with their prescribing patterns of antimicrobials in their health care system. Methods: The present qualitative study was conducted in a tertiary care public hospital located at Penang island, situated in Northwest of Malaysia. A total of 12 semi-structured, face to face interviews were conducted with purposive sampling technique. Physicians recruited had different specialties. All interviews were audio recorded, then transcribed into English language and analyze by thematic content analysis. Results: Four major themes were identified: (1) prescribing patterns of physicians regarding antimicrobials; (2) physician's knowledge about antimicrobials; (3) antimicrobial resistance; (4) satisfaction with management of infections. Physicians believed in regular educational activities and updates about the latest antimicrobial guidelines may change the prescribing behavior of physicians to optimize the use of antimicrobials. This may lead to decrease in burden of antimicrobial resistance in their health care system. Physicians emphasized that stricter rules and regular monitoring of antimicrobial use should be implemented to overcome the main challenges of antimicrobial resistance. Conclusion: Different factors were identified to assist optimized use of antimicrobials and decrease the risk of antimicrobial resistance. The present study helps to design targeted future interventions to ensure rational antimicrobial use and decrease the impact of antimicrobial resistance in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
  20. Ahmed P, Bukhari IA, Albaijan R, Sheikh SA, Vohra F
    Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 2020 Dec;32:102077.
    PMID: 33157330 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102077
    AIM: The current clinical trial aimed to assess the effectiveness of adjunctive photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and adjunctive antibiotic gel therapy (aAGT) to treat peri-implantitis among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

    METHODS: Selected T2DM participants with peri-implantitis were distributed into 3 groups: Group-1: received a single session of adjunctive (aPDT); Group-2: received a single session of adjunctive (aAGT) (metronidazole 400 mg and amoxicillin 500 mg); and Group-3: received MD alone. Clinical (probing depth [PD], bleeding on probing [BOP], and plaque scores [PS]) and radiographic (crestal bone loss [CBL]) peri-implant variables were recorded. Levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were assessed after the collection of peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF). All the evaluations were carried out at baseline, 3- and 6-months. The significance level was set to p < 0.05.

    RESULTS: At 3-and 6-months of follow-up, all the three groups showed significant alleviation in PS (p < 0.05), BOP (p < 0.05), and PD (p < 0.05) when compared with the baseline. At baseline, no significant variation was observed in all clinical and radiographic peri-implant parameters among all three research groups. At 3-months follow-up, a considerable alleviation of in PS, BOP, PD, and CBL was noticeable in group-1 patients when compared with the baseline. At 6-months follow-up, a comparable difference was observed in BOP, PD, and CBL between group-1 and group-2. At baseline, no significant variation was observed in the PISF levels of IL-6 and TNF-α among all three research groups. At 3- and 6-months follow-up, a considerable alleviation of TNF-α and IL-6 levels was observed in group-1 and group-2 patients, respectively, when compared with the baseline.

    CONCLUSION: The application of aPDT demonstrated improved clinical, radiographic, and immunological peri-implant parameters for the treatment of peri-implantitis among T2DM patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
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