Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 645 in total

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  1. Kamisah Y, Lim JJ, Lim CL, Asmadi AY
    PLoS One, 2014;9(2):e89248.
    PMID: 24586630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089248
    Phenylhydrazine, a hemolytic agent, is widely used as a model of experimental hyperbilirubinemia. Palm tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) was shown to exert beneficial effects in hyperbilirubinemic rat neonates.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology*
  2. Chan PM, Tan YS, Chua KH, Sabaratnam V, Kuppusamy UR
    PLoS One, 2015;10(10):e0139593.
    PMID: 26427053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139593
    Amauroderma rugosum, commonly known as "Jiǎzī" in China, is a wild mushroom traditionally used by the Chinese to reduce inflammation, to treat diuretic and upset stomach, and to prevent cancer. It is also used by the indigenous communities in Malaysia to prevent epileptic episodes and incessant crying by babies. The aim of this study was to compare the wild and domesticated basidiocarps of A. rugosum for antioxidant and in vitro anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The wild basidiocarps of A. rugosum were collected from the Belum Forest, Perak, Malaysia and the domesticated basidiocarps of A. rugosum were cultivated in the mushroom house located in the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Both the wild and domesticated basidiocarps were subjected to ethanolic extraction and the extracts were tested for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, the crude ethanolic extract of wild (WB) and domesticated (DB) basidiocarps of A. rugosum had comparable total phenolic content and DPPH scavenging activity. However, WB (EC50 = 222.90 μg/mL) displayed a better ABTS cation radical scavenging activity than DB (EC50 = 469.60 μg/mL). Both WB and DB were able to scavenge nitric oxide (NO) radical and suppress the NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and this effect was mediated through the down-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene. In addition, both WB and DB caused down-regulation of the inflammatory gene TNF-α and the up-regulation of the anti-inflammatory gene IL-10. There was no inhibitory effect of WB and DB on nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. In conclusion, the wild and domesticated basidiocarps of A. rugosum possessed antioxidant and in vitro anti-inflammatory properties. WB and DB inhibited downstream inflammatory mediators (TNF-α and NO) and induced anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 production. No inhibitory effects shown on upstream nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. WB and DB exhibited antioxidant activity and attenuation of proinflammatory mediators and therefore, A. rugosum may serve as a potential therapeutic agent in the management of inflammation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology
  3. Abdul Nasir NA, Agarwal R, Sheikh Abdul Kadir SH, Vasudevan S, Tripathy M, Iezhitsa I, et al.
    PLoS One, 2017;12(3):e0174542.
    PMID: 28350848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174542
    Cataract, a leading cause of blindness, is of special concern in diabetics as it occurs at earlier onset. Polyol accumulation and increased oxidative-nitrosative stress in cataractogenesis are associated with NFκB activation, iNOS expression, ATP depletion, loss of ATPase functions, calpain activation and proteolysis of soluble to insoluble proteins. Tocotrienol was previously shown to reduce lens oxidative stress and inhibit cataractogenesis in galactose-fed rats. In current study, we investigated anticataract effects of topical tocotrienol and possible mechanisms involved in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Diabetic rats were treated with vehicle (DV) or tocotrienol (DT). A third group consists of normal, non-diabetic rats were treated with vehicle (NV). All treatments were given topically, bilaterally, twice daily for 8 weeks with weekly slit lamp monitoring. Subsequently, rats were euthanized and lenses were subjected to estimation of polyol accumulation, oxidative-nitrosative stress, NFκB activation, iNOS expression, ATP levels, ATPase activities, calpain activity and total protein levels. Cataract progression was delayed from the fifth week onwards in DT with lower mean of cataract stages compared to DV group (p<0.01) despite persistent hyperglycemia. Reduced cataractogenesis in DT group was accompanied with lower aldose reductase activity and sorbitol level compared to DV group (p<0.01). DT group also showed reduced NFκB activation, lower iNOS expression and reduced oxidative-nitrosative stress compared to DV group. Lenticular ATP and ATPase and calpain 2 activities in DT group were restored to normal. Consequently, soluble to insoluble protein ratio in DT group was higher compared to DV (p<0.05). In conclusion, preventive effect of topical tocotrienol on development of cataract in STZ-induced diabetic rats could be attributed to reduced lens aldose reductase activity, polyol levels and oxidative-nitrosative stress. These effects of tocotrienol invlove reduced NFκB activation, lower iNOS expression, restoration of ATP level, ATPase activities, calpain activity and lens protein levels.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology
  4. Khor BH, Tiong HC, Tan SC, Wong SK, Chin KY, Karupaiah T, et al.
    PLoS One, 2021;16(7):e0255205.
    PMID: 34297765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255205
    Studies investigating the effects of tocotrienols on inflammation and oxidative stress have yielded inconsistent results. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of tocotrienols supplementation on inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception until 13 July 2020 to identify randomized controlled trials supplementing tocotrienols and reporting circulating inflammatory or oxidative stress outcomes. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were determined by pooling eligible studies. Nineteen studies were included for qualitative analysis, and 13 studies were included for the meta-analyses. A significant reduction in C-reactive protein levels (WMD: -0.52 mg/L, 95% CI: -0.73, -0.32, p < 0.001) following tocotrienols supplementation was observed, but this finding was attributed to a single study using δ-tocotrienols, not mixed tocotrienols. There were no effects on interleukin-6 (WMD: 0.03 pg/mL, 95% CI: -1.51, 1.58, p = 0.966), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (WMD: -0.28 pg/mL, 95% CI: -1.24, 0.68, p = 0.571), and malondialdehyde (WMD: -0.42 μmol/L, 95% CI: -1.05, 0.21, p = 0.189). A subgroup analysis suggested that tocotrienols at 400 mg/day might reduce malondialdehyde levels (WMD: -0.90 μmol/L, 95% CI: -1.20, -0.59, p < 0.001). Future well-designed studies are warranted to confirm the effects of tocotrienols on inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, particularly on different types and dosages of supplementation. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020198241.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology*
  5. Al-Ani LA, Yehye WA, Kadir FA, Hashim NM, AlSaadi MA, Julkapli NM, et al.
    PLoS One, 2019;14(5):e0216725.
    PMID: 31086406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216725
    Nanotechnology-based antioxidants and therapeutic agents are believed to be the next generation tools to face the ever-increasing cancer mortality rates. Graphene stands as a preferred nano-therapeutic template, due to the advanced properties and cellular interaction mechanisms. Nevertheless, majority of graphene-based composites suffer from hindered development as efficient cancer therapeutics. Recent nano-toxicology reviews and recommendations emphasize on the preliminary synthetic stages as a crucial element in driving successful applications results. In this study, we present an integrated, green, one-pot hybridization of target-suited raw materials into curcumin-capped gold nanoparticle-conjugated reduced graphene oxide (CAG) nanocomposite, as a prominent anti-oxidant and anti-cancer agent. Distinct from previous studies, the beneficial attributes of curcumin are employed to their fullest extent, such that they perform dual roles of being a natural reducing agent and possessing antioxidant anti-cancer functional moiety. The proposed novel green synthesis approach secured an enhanced structure with dispersed homogenous AuNPs (15.62 ± 4.04 nm) anchored on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets, as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy, surpassing other traditional chemical reductants. On the other hand, safe, non-toxic CAG elevates biological activity and supports biocompatibility. Free radical DPPH inhibition assay revealed CAG antioxidant potential with IC50 (324.1 ± 1.8%) value reduced by half compared to that of traditional citrate-rGO-AuNP nanocomposite (612.1 ± 10.1%), which confirms the amplified multi-potent antioxidant activity. Human colon cancer cell lines (HT-29 and SW-948) showed concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxicity for CAG, as determined by optical microscopy images and WST-8 assay, with relatively low IC50 values (~100 μg/ml), while preserving biocompatibility towards normal human colon (CCD-841) and liver cells (WRL-68), with high selectivity indices (≥ 2.0) at all tested time points. Collectively, our results demonstrate effective green synthesis of CAG nanocomposite, free of additional stabilizing agents, and its bioactivity as an antioxidant and selective anti-colon cancer agent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology
  6. Halabi MF, Shakir RM, Bardi DA, Al-Wajeeh NS, Ablat A, Hassandarvish P, et al.
    PLoS One, 2014;9(5):e95908.
    PMID: 24800807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095908
    BACKGROUND: The study was carried out to determine the cytotoxic, antioxidant and gastro-protective effect of ethyl-4-[(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylid ene)amino] benzoate (ETHAB) in rats.

    METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The cytotoxic effect of ETHAB was assessed using a MTT cleavage assay on a WRL68 cell line, while its antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro. In the anti-ulcer study, rats were divided into six groups. Group 1 and group 2 received 10% Tween 20 (vehicle). Group 3 received 20 mg/kg Omeprazole. Groups 4, 5 and 6 received ETHAB at doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, respectively. After an hour, group 1 received the vehicle. Groups 2-6 received absolute ethanol to induce gastric mucosal lesions. In the WRL68 cell line, an IC50 of more than 100 µg/mL was observed. ETHAB results showed antioxidant activity in the DPPH, FRAP, nitric oxide and metal chelating assays. There was no acute toxicity even at the highest dosage (1000 mg/kg). Microscopy showed that rats pretreated with ETHAB revealed protection of gastric mucosa as ascertained by significant increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD), pH level, mucus secretion, reduced gastric lesions, malondialdehyde (MDA) level and remarkable flattened gastric mucosa. Histologically, pretreatment with ETHAB resulted in comparatively better gastric protection, due to reduction of submucosal edema with leucocyte infiltration. PAS staining showed increased intensity in uptake of Alcian blue. In terms of immunohistochemistry, ETHAB showed down-expression of Bax proteins and over-expression of Hsp70 proteins.

    CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The gastroprotective effect of ETHAB may be attributed to antioxidant activity, increased gastric wall mucus, pH level of gastric contents, SOD activity, decrease in MDA level, ulcer area, flattening of gastric mucosa, reduction of edema and leucocyte infiltration of the submucosal layer, increased PAS staining, up-regulation of Hsp70 protein and suppressed expression of Bax.

    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology
  7. Sidahmed HM, Hashim NM, Abdulla MA, Ali HM, Mohan S, Abdelwahab SI, et al.
    PLoS One, 2015;10(3):e0121060.
    PMID: 25798602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121060
    BACKGROUND: Zingiber zerumbet Smith is a perennial herb, broadly distributed in many tropical areas. In Malaysia, it's locally known among the Malay people as "lempoyang" and its rhizomes, particularly, is widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease beyond other gastric disorders.

    AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the current study is to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of zerumbone, the main bioactive compound of Zingiber zerumbet rhizome, against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rats were pre-treated with zerumbone and subsequently exposed to acute gastric ulcer induced by absolute ethanol administration. Following treatment, gastric juice acidity, ulcer index, mucus content, histological analysis (HE and PAS), immunohistochemical localization for HSP-70, prostaglandin E2 synthesis (PGE2), non-protein sulfhydryl gastric content (NP-SH), reduced glutathione level (GSH), and malondialdehyde level (MDA) were evaluated in ethanol-induced ulcer in vivo. Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and anti-H. pylori activity were investigated in vitro.

    RESULTS: The results showed that the intragastric administration of zerumbone protected the gastric mucosa from the aggressive effect of ethanol-induced gastric ulcer, coincided with reduced submucosal edema and leukocyte infiltration. This observed gastroprotective effect of zerumbone was accompanied with a significant (p <0.05) effect of the compound to restore the lowered NP-SH and GSH levels, and to reduce the elevated MDA level into the gastric homogenate. Moreover, the compound induced HSP-70 up-regulation into the gastric tissue. Furthermore, zerumbone significantly (p <0.05) enhanced mucus production, showed intense PAS stain and maintained PG content near to the normal level. The compound exhibited antisecretory activity and an interesting minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against H. pylori strain.

    CONCLUSION: The results of the present study revealed that zerumbone promotes ulcer protection, which might be attributed to the maintenance of mucus integrity, antioxidant activity, and HSP-70 induction. Zerumbone also exhibited antibacterial action against H. pylori.

    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology
  8. Nazarbahjat N, Kadir FA, Ariffin A, Abdulla MA, Abdullah Z, Yehye WA
    PLoS One, 2016;11(6):e0156022.
    PMID: 27272221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156022
    A series of new 2-(ethylthio)benzohydrazone derivatives (1-6) were prepared and characterised by IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The newly prepared compounds were screened for their in vitro antioxidant activities using free radical scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Among them, most powerful antioxidant, compound 1 has been selected in order to illustrate anti-ulcer effect on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats. Four groups of Sprague Dawley rats were respectively treated with 10% Tween 20 as ulcer control group, 20 mg/kg omeprazole as reference group, 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg compound 1 as experimental animals. Macroscopically, ulcer control group showed extensive hemorrhagic lesions of gastric mucosa compared with omeprazole or compound 1. Rats pre-treated with compound 1 showed increased in gastric pH and gastric mucus. Histologically, ulcer control group showed severe damage to gastric mucosa with edema and leucocytes infiltration of submucosal layer. In immunohistochemical analysis, rats which were pre-treated with compound 1 showed up-regulation of HSP70 and down-regulation of Bax proteins. In conclusion, the gastroprotective effect of compound 1 may be due to its antioxidant activity, and/or due to up-regulation of HSP70 and down-regulation of Bax protein in stained tissue section.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology*
  9. Al Batran R, Al-Bayaty F, Jamil Al-Obaidi MM, Abdualkader AM, Hadi HA, Ali HM, et al.
    PLoS One, 2013;8(5):e64751.
    PMID: 23724090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064751
    BACKGROUND: The current study was carried out to examine the gastroprotective effects of Parkia speciosa against ethanol-induced gastric mucosa injury in rats.

    METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Sprague Dawley rats were separated into 7 groups. Groups 1-2 were orally challenged with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC); group 3 received 20 mg/kg omeprazole and groups 4-7 received 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of ethanolic leaf extract, respectively. After 1 h, CMC or absolute ethanol was given orally to groups 2-7. The rats were sacrificed after 1 h. Then, the injuries to the gastric mucosa were estimated through assessment of the gastric wall mucus, the gross appearance of ulcer areas, histology, immunohistochemistry and enzymatic assays. Group 2 exhibited significant mucosal injuries, with reduced gastric wall mucus and severe damage to the gastric mucosa, whereas reductions in mucosal injury were observed for groups 4-7. Groups 3-7 demonstrated a reversal in the decrease in Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining induced by ethanol. No symptoms of toxicity or death were observed during the acute toxicity tests.

    CONCLUSION: Treatment with the extract led to the upregulation of heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) and the downregulation of the pro-apoptotic protein BAX. Significant increases in the levels of the antioxidant defense enzymes glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the gastric mucosal homogenate were observed, whereas that of a lipid peroxidation marker (MDA) was significantly decreased. Significance was defined as p<0.05 compared to the ulcer control group (Group 2).

    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology
  10. Lim CY, Mat Junit S, Abdulla MA, Abdul Aziz A
    PLoS One, 2013;8(7):e70058.
    PMID: 23894592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070058
    BACKGROUND: Tamarindus indica (T. indica) is a medicinal plant with many biological activities including anti-diabetic, hypolipidaemic and anti-bacterial activities. A recent study demonstrated the hypolipidaemic effect of T. indica fruit pulp in hamsters. However, the biochemical and molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects have not been fully elucidated. Hence, the aims of this study were to evaluate the antioxidant activities and potential hypocholesterolaemic properties of T. indica, using in vitro and in vivo approaches.

    METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The in vitro study demonstrated that T. indica fruit pulp had significant amount of phenolic (244.9 ± 10.1 mg GAE/extract) and flavonoid (93.9 ± 2.6 mg RE/g extract) content and possessed antioxidant activities. In the in vivo study, hamsters fed with high-cholesterol diet for ten weeks showed elevated serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C levels. Administration of T. indica fruit pulp to hypercholesterolaemic hamsters significantly lowered serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-C levels but had no effect on the HDL-C level. The lipid-lowering effect was accompanied with significant increase in the expression of Apo A1, Abcg5 and LDL receptor genes and significant decrease in the expression of HMG-CoA reductase and Mtp genes. Administration of T. indica fruit pulp to hypercholesterolaemic hamsters also protected against oxidative damage by increasing hepatic antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant activities and preventing hepatic lipid peroxidation.

    CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: It is postulated that tamarind fruit pulp exerts its hypocholesterolaemic effect by increasing cholesterol efflux, enhancing LDL-C uptake and clearance, suppressing triglyceride accumulation and inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis. T. indica fruit pulp has potential antioxidative effects and is potentially protective against diet-induced hypercholesterolaemia.

    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology*
  11. Houston SA, Ugusman A, Gnanadesikan S, Kennedy S
    Platelets, 2017 May;28(3):295-300.
    PMID: 27681689 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2016.1218456
    Succinobucol is a phenolic antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet effects. Given the importance of oxidant stress in modulating platelet-platelet and platelet-vessel wall interactions, the aim of this study was to establish if antioxidant activity was responsible for the antiplatelet activity of succinobucol. Platelet aggregation in response to collagen and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was studied in rabbit whole blood and platelet-rich plasma using impedance aggregometry. The effect of oxidant stress on aggregation, platelet lipid peroxides, and vascular tone was studied by incubating platelets, washed platelets or preconstricted rabbit iliac artery rings respectively with a combination of xanthine and xanthine oxidase (X/XO). To study the effect of succinobucol in vivo, anaesthetized rats were injected with up to 150 mg/kg succinobucol and aggregation measured in blood removed 15 mins later. Succinobucol (10-5-10-4M) significantly attenuated platelet aggregation to collagen and ADP in whole blood and platelet-rich plasma. X/XO significantly increased aggregation to collagen and platelet lipid peroxides and this was reversed by succinobucol. Addition of X/XO to denuded rabbit iliac arteries caused a dose-dependent relaxation which was significantly inhibited by succinobucol. In vivo administration up to 150 mg/kg had no effect on heart rate or mean arterial blood pressure but significantly inhibited platelet aggregation to collagen ex vivo. In conclusion, succinobucol displays anti-platelet activity in rabbit and rat blood and reverses the increase in platelet aggregation in response to oxidant stress.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology*
  12. Zahari A, Cheah FK, Mohamad J, Sulaiman SN, Litaudon M, Leong KH, et al.
    Planta Med, 2014 May;80(7):599-603.
    PMID: 24723007 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1368349
    The crude extract of the bark of Dehaasia longipedicellata exhibited antiplasmodial activity against the growth of Plasmodium falciparum K1 isolate (resistant strain). Phytochemical studies of the extract led to the isolation of six alkaloids: two morphinandienones, (+)-sebiferine (1) and (-)-milonine (2); two aporphines, (-)-boldine (3) and (-)-norboldine (4); one benzlyisoquinoline, (-)-reticuline (5); and one bisbenzylisoquinoline, (-)-O-O-dimethylgrisabine (6). Their structures were determined on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR, IR, UV, and LCMS spectroscopic techniques and upon comparison with literature values. Antiplasmodial activity was determined for all of the isolated compounds. They showed potent to moderate activity with IC50 values ranging from 0.031 to 30.40 µM. (-)-O-O-dimethylgrisabine (6) and (-)-milonine (2) were the two most potent compounds, with IC50 values of 0.031 and 0.097 µM, respectively, that were comparable to the standard, chloroquine (0.090 µM). The compounds were also assessed for their antioxidant activities with di(phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)iminoazanium (IC50 = 18.40-107.31 µg/mL), reducing power (27.40-87.40 %), and metal chelating (IC50 = 64.30 to 257.22 µg/mL) having good to low activity. (-)-O-O-dimethylgrisabine (6) exhibited a potent antioxidant activity of 44.3 % reducing power, while di(phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)iminoazanium and metal chelating activities had IC50 values of 18.38 and 64.30 µg/mL, respectively. Thus it may be considered as a good reductant with the ability to chelate metal and prevent pro-oxidant activity. In addition to the antiplasmodial and antioxidant activities, the isolated compounds were also tested for their cytotoxicity against a few cancer and normal cell lines. (-)-Norboldine (4) exhibited potent cytotoxicity towards pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3 with an IC50 value of 27.060 ± 1.037 µM, and all alkaloids showed no toxicity towards the normal pancreatic cell line (hTERT-HPNE).
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology*
  13. Hussain K, Ismail Z, Sadikun A, Ibrahim P
    Planta Med, 2010 Mar;76(5):418-25.
    PMID: 19862670 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1186279
    The present study aimed to investigate standardized ethanol extracts of fruit and leaves of Piper sarmentosum for their in vivo antioxidant activity in rats using a CCl (4)-induced oxidative stress model. The standardization was based on the quantification of the markers pellitorine, sarmentine and sarmentosine by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and determination of total primary and secondary metabolites. The rats, divided into 7 groups each (n = 6), were used as follows: group 1 (CCl (4), negative control), group 2 (untreated, control), groups 3 and 4 (fruit extract 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively), groups 5 and 6 (leaf extract 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively) and group 7 (vitamin-E 100 mg/kg, positive control). The doses were administered orally for 14 days; 4 h following the last dose, a single dose of CCl (4) (1.5 mg/kg) was given orally to all the groups except group 2, and after 24 h, blood and liver of each animal were obtained. Analysis of plasma and liver homogenate exhibited significant preservation of markers of antioxidant activity, total plasma antioxidant activity (TPAA), total protein (TP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), in the pretreated groups as compared to the CCl (4) group (p < 0.05). Histology of the liver also evidenced the protection of hepatocytes against CCl (4) metabolites in the pretreated groups. The results of this study indicate the IN VIVO antioxidant activity of both extracts of the plant, which may be valuable to combat diseases involving free radicals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology
  14. Chan JSW, Lim XY, Japri N, Ahmad IF, Tan TYC
    Planta Med, 2024 Mar;90(3):204-218.
    PMID: 38035621 DOI: 10.1055/a-2219-9801
    Zingiber zerumbet, a plant native to tropical and subtropical Asia, has a vast range of traditional uses and has been continuously studied for its medicinal properties. However, a systematic methodological approach in evidence synthesis on the plant's efficacy is lacking, and there is a need to elicit the current research status of this plant. This scoping review was conducted to systematically explore and collate the available scientific evidence on the efficacy of Z. zerumbet and its main phytoconstituents in various formulations, their biological mechanisms, and their safety. Results included 54 articles consisting of animal studies, while there were no published human studies. Only half of the included studies provided adequate reporting on the quality-related details of Z. zerumbet formulations. Identified pharmacological activities were analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-neoplastic, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antipyretic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, gastroprotective, and locomotor-reducing activities. Notably, the ethanolic extract of Z. zerumbet was found to be well tolerated for up to 28 days. In conclusion, Z. zerumbet and zerumbone have various pharmacological effects, especially in analgesic and anti-inflammatory models. However, there is still a pressing need for comprehensive safety data to conduct clinical trials.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology
  15. Mediani A, Abas F, Khatib A, Tan CP, Ismail IS, Shaari K, et al.
    Plant Foods Hum Nutr, 2015 Jun;70(2):184-92.
    PMID: 25800644 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-015-0478-5
    The study investigated the changes in the metabolite, antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of Phyllanthus niruri after three drying treatments: air, freeze and oven dryings. Water extracts and extracts obtained using different solvent ratios of ethanol and methanol (50, 70, 80 and 100%) were compared. The relationships among the antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and metabolite levels of the extracts were evaluated using partial least-square analysis (PLS). The solvent selectivity was assessed based on the phytochemical constituents present in the extract and their concentrations quantitatively analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. The freeze-dried P. niruri samples that were extracted with the mixture of ethanol or methanol with low ratio of water showed higher biological activity values compared with the other extracts. The PLS results for the ethanolic with different ratio and water extracts demonstrated that phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid and ellagic acid) and flavonoids were highly linked to strong α-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology*
  16. Ilyas Z, Ali Redha A, Wu YS, Ozeer FZ, Aluko RE
    Plant Foods Hum Nutr, 2023 Jun;78(2):233-242.
    PMID: 36947371 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01056-8
    Himanthalia elongata is a brown seaweed containing several nutritional compounds and bioactive substances including antioxidants, dietary fibre, vitamins, fatty acids, amino acids, and macro- and trace- elements. A variety of bioactive compounds including phlorotannins, flavonoids, dietary fucoxanthin, hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, polyphenols and carotenoids are also present in this seaweed. Multiple comparative studies were carried out between different seaweed species, wherein H. elongata was determined to exhibit high antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, fucose content and potassium concentrations compared to other species. H. elongata extracts have also shown promising anti-hyperglycaemic and neuroprotective activities. H. elongata is being studied for its potential industrial food applications. In new meat product formulations, it lowered sodium content, improved phytochemical and fiber content in beef patties, improved properties of meat gel/emulsion systems, firmer and tougher with improved water and fat binding properties. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the nutritional composition, bioactive properties, and food applications of H. elongata.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology
  17. Saputri FC, Jantan I
    Phytother Res, 2012 Dec;26(12):1845-50.
    PMID: 22422639 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4667
    The methanol extract of the twigs of Garcinia hombroniana, which showed strong LDL antioxidation and antiplatelet aggregation activities, was subjected to column chromatography to obtain 3,5,3',5'-tetrahydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone and eight triterpenoids, garcihombronane B, D, E and F, friedelin, glutin-5-en-3β-ol, stigmasterol and lupeol. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit copper-mediated LDL oxidation and arachidonic acid (AA)-, adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-, collagen-induced platelet aggregation in vitro. Among the compounds tested, 3,5,3',5'-tetrahydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone showed strong inhibitory activity on LDL oxidation with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) values of 6.6 and 1.7 µM, respectively. 3,5,3',5'-Tetrahydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone exhibited strong activity on AA-, ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation with IC(50) values of 53.6, 125.7 and 178.6 µM, respectively, while 1,7 dihydroxyxanthone showed significant and selective inhibitory activity against ADP-induced aggregation with IC(50) value of 5.7 µM. Of the triterpenoids tested, garcihombronane B showed moderate activity against LDL oxidation and garcihombronane D and F showed selective inhibition on ADP-induced platelet aggregation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology*
  18. Chung LY
    Phytother Res, 2008 Apr;22(4):493-9.
    PMID: 18338748 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2350
    A standardized mixture of Chinese herbs, Zemaphyte taken orally as a daily decoction has been shown to be effective in the treatment of atopic eczema. This study showed that Zemaphyte is an efficient antioxidant, being capable of scavenging both superoxide and hydroxyl, and preventing peroxidation of biological membranes. It does not degrade hydrogen peroxide directly, but instead most likely forms a Zemaphyte-hydrogen peroxide complex. The complexed hydrogen peroxide can then be degraded in the presence of catalase to form oxygen and water. It is conceivable that Zemaphyte may contribute to the down-regulation of the activities of cells implicated in atopic eczema through its antioxidant activities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology*
  19. Zakaria NNA, Okello EJ, Howes MJ, Birch-Machin MA, Bowman A
    Phytother Res, 2018 Jun;32(6):1064-1072.
    PMID: 29464849 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6045
    The traditional practice of eating the flowers of Clitoria ternatea L. or drinking their infusion as herbal tea in some of the Asian countries is believed to promote a younger skin complexion and defend against skin aging. This study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of C. ternatea flower water extract (CTW) against hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity and ultraviolet (UV)-induced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage in human keratinocytes. The protective effect against hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity was determined by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium assay, and mtDNA damage induced by UV was determined by polymerase chain reaction. Preincubation of HaCaT with 100, 250, and 500 μg/ml CTW reduced cytotoxicity effects of H2 O2 compared with control (H2 O2 alone). CTW also significantly reduced mtDNA damage in UV-exposed HaCaT (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology
  20. Dianita R, Jantan I, Jalil J, Amran AZ
    Phytomedicine, 2016 Jul 15;23(8):810-7.
    PMID: 27288916 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.04.004
    BACKGROUND: Previous studies on Labisia pumila var. alata (LPva) have showed that it could inhibit low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and provide protection on myocardial infarction in rats.

    HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE: We hypothesized that LPva extracts can modulate the lipid profiles and serum antioxidant status of hypercholesterolemic rats. In the present study, we investigated the effects of aqueous and 80% ethanol extracts of LPva on atherogenic and serum antioxidant parameters as well as changes in abdominal aorta of high-cholesterol diet rats.

    METHODS: The major components of the extracts, gallic acid, flavonoids and alkyl resorcinols were analyzed by using a validated reversed phase HPLC method. The rats were induced to hypercholesterolemic status with daily intake of 2% cholesterol for a duration of 8 weeks. Three different doses (100, 200 and 400mg/kg) of the extracts were administered daily on the 4th week onwards. The rats were then sacrificed and the blood was collected via abdominal aorta and serum was separated by centrifugation for biochemical analysis. Part of the aorta tissues were excised immediately for histopathological examination.

    RESULTS: The serum of LPva treated rats showed significant reduction in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and the abdominal aorta showed a significant decrease of atheroma lesions in treated rats. Serum lipid profiles of treated rats showed a decrease in total cholesterol, total triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels as compared to control group. The atherogenic indices in treated rats were significantly improved along with an increasing level of serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The extracts also exhibited significant increase of antioxidant enzymes and decrease of MDA as a product of lipid peroxidation.

    CONCLUSION: LPva extracts can reduce the risk of dyslipidemia by improving the serum lipid profiles and modulating serum antioxidants.

    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology*
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