Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 238 in total

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  1. Kassim NK, Lim PC, Ismail A, Awang K
    Food Chem, 2019 Jan 30;272:185-191.
    PMID: 30309531 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.045
    The application of preparative thin layer chromatography-2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (PTLC-DPPH) bioautography technique successfully isolated a lignan sesamin (1), two prenylated coumarins (2 and 3) and a marmesin glycosides (4) from Micromelum minutum methanol bark extract. Compounds 2 and 3 were identified as new compounds whereas 1 and 4 were first isolated from Micromelum genus. Structural identification of all compounds were done by detailed spectroscopic analyses and comparison with literature data. Antioxidant capacities of extract, active fraction and compounds were measured based on DPPH free radical savenging activity, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and β-carotene bleaching. The DPPH activity of methanol extract and its fraction present the IC50 values of 54.3 and 168.9 µg/mL meanwhile the β-carotene bleaching results were 55.19% and 5.75% respectively. The ORAC measurements of M. minutum extract, compounds 2 and 4 showed potent antioxidant activity with the values of 5123, 5539 and 4031 µmol TE/g respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biphenyl Compounds/chemistry*
  2. Ahmad M, Masood S, Sultana S, Hadda TB, Bader A, Zafar M
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2015 Jan;28(1):241-7.
    PMID: 25553701
    Nutritional quality and antioxidant capacity of three edible wild berries (Rubus ellipticus Smith, Rubus niveus Thunb, Rubus ulmifolius L.) from Lesser Himalayan Range (LHR) were evaluated. Their edible portion was assayed for moisture, fats, ash, carbohydrates, proteins, fibers, essential minerals (Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Cl, S, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Se, Co, Ni) and DPPH free radical scavenging activity was applied to determine the antioxidant potential. The fruit of Rubus ulmifolius L. (blackberry) possessed the highest values of energy (403.29 Kcal), total protein (6.56g/100 g), Nitrogen (N) content (1500mg/100g), K (860.17mg/100g), Ca (620.56mg/100g), Zn (17.509mg/100g) and the strongest antioxidant activity (98.89% inhibition). While the raspberries (Rubus ellipticus Smith, Rubus niveus Thunb.) exhibited more significant contents of dietary fiber (5.90g/100g), carbohydrates (86.4 g/100 g) and Fe (4.249mg/100g). Significant variation was observed among the tested samples in all the investigated features. The combination of bio elements and active antioxidants clearly showed the applicability of these berries as a nutraceutical supplement.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biphenyl Compounds/chemistry
  3. Li KS, Ali A, Muhammad II
    Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment, 2017 Jul-Sep;16(3):283-292.
    PMID: 29055976 DOI: 10.17306/J.AFS.0497
    BACKGROUND: Perah seed is one of the most underutilized oilseeds, containing high nutritional values and high percentage of α-linoleneic acid, which may have a high potential in food and pharmaceutical applica- tions. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of microwave (MW) cooking on the proximate composition and antioxidant activity of perah seeds.

    METHODS: In this study, the proximate composition and amygdalin concentration of MW ir- radiated perah seeds were determined. The total phenolic content (TPC), Maillard reaction products (MRPs) and antioxidant activity of methanol (PME), 70% methanol in water (PMW), ethanol (PEE), 70% ethanol  in water (PEW) extracts and methanol extract of oil (PMO) were evaluated during MW cooking. The anti- oxidant activity was evaluated using multiple assays, namely DPPH radical scavenging activity, β-Carotene bleaching assay, and reducing power.

    RESULTS: Microwave cooking did not significantly increase crude lipid and carbohydrate content, and the amounts of other nutrients such as ash, crude protein and fibre remained almost unchanged. As evaluated  by HPLC, the amygdalin concentration in the seeds was reduced by MW cooking. The TPC, MRP and anti- oxidant activity of the solvent extracts of perah seeds increased significantly with increasing roasting time. Of all the extracts, PMW at all MW cooking times displayed the highest antioxidant effectiveness. However, thermal treatment significantly reduced the antioxidant properties of PMO. The values for TPC, MRP and antioxidant effectiveness of the samples were ranked in the following order: PMW > PEW > PME > PEE > PMO, in both control and microwaved samples.

    CONCLUSIONS: In determining the overall quality of the products, MW cooking time was found to be a critical factor. Solubilization of phenolic compounds and formation of MRPs during MW cooking could have caused the increase in antioxidant activity of the perah seeds.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biphenyl Compounds/chemistry
  4. Zakaria SM, Kamal SMM, Harun MR, Omar R, Siajam SI
    Molecules, 2017 Jul 03;22(7).
    PMID: 28671617 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071105
    Chlorella sp. microalgae is a potential source of antioxidants and natural bioactive compounds used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, a subcritical water (SW) technology was applied to determine the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Chlorella sp. This study focused on maximizing the recovery of Chlorella sp. phenolic content and antioxidant activity measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay as a function of extraction temperature (100-250 °C), time (5-20 min) and microalgae concentration (5-20 wt. %) using response surface methodology. The optimal operating conditions for the extraction process were found to be 5 min at 163 °C with 20 wt. % microalgae concentration, which resulted in products with 58.73 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g phenolic content and 68.5% inhibition of the DPPH radical. Under optimized conditions, the experimental values were in close agreement with values predicted by the model. The phenolic content was highly correlated (R² = 0.935) with the antioxidant capacity. Results indicated that extraction by SW technology was effective and that Chlorella sp. could be a useful source of natural antioxidants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biphenyl Compounds/chemistry
  5. Al-Majedy YK, Al-Duhaidahawi DL, Al-Azawi KF, Al-Amiery AA, Kadhum AA, Mohamad AB
    Molecules, 2016 Jan 23;21(2):135.
    PMID: 26805811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020135
    Syntheses of coumarins, which are a structurally interesting antioxidant activity, was done in this article. The modification of 7-hydroxycoumarin by different reaction steps was done to yield target compounds. Molecular structures were characterized by different spectroscopical techniques (Fourier transformation infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance). Antioxidant activities were performed by using various in vitro spectrophometric assays against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). All compounds exhibited high efficiency as antioxidants compared to ascorbic acid. The highest efficiency scavenging activity was found for compound 3 (91.0 ± 5.0), followed by compounds 2 and 4 (88.0 ± 2.00; and 87.0 ± 3.00). Ascorbic acid C was used as a standard drug with a percentage inhibition of 91.00 ± 1.5. The mechanism of the synthesized compounds as antioxidants was also studied. Hartree-Fock-based quantum chemical studies have been carried out with the basis set to 3-21G, in order to obtain information about the three-dimensional (3D) geometries, electronic structure, molecular modeling, and electronic levels, namely HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) and LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital), to understand the antioxidant activity for the synthesized compounds.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biphenyl Compounds/metabolism
  6. Alam MA, Juraimi AS, Rafii MY, Abdul Hamid A, Aslani F, Hasan MM, et al.
    Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:296063.
    PMID: 24579078 DOI: 10.1155/2014/296063
    The methanolic extracts of 13 accessions of purslane were analyzed for their total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and total carotenoid contents (TCC) and antioxidant activity of extracts was screened using FRAP assay and DPPH radical scavenging methods. The TPC, TFC, and TCC ranged from 0.96 ± 0.04 to 9.12 ± 0.29 mg GAE/g DW, 0.13 ± 0.04 to 1.44 ± 0.08 mg RE/g DW, and 0.52 ± 0.06 to 5.64 ± 0.09 mg (β-carotene equivalent) BCE/g DW, respectively. The DPPH scavenging (IC50) activity varied between 2.52 ± 0.03 mg/mL and 3.29 ± 0.01 mg/mL and FRAP ranged from 7.39 ± 0.08 to 104.2 ± 6.34  μmol TE/g DW. Among all the measured micro- and macrominerals K content was the highest followed by N, Na, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Zn, and Mn. The overall findings proved that ornamental purslane was richer in antioxidant properties, whereas common purslane possesses more mineral contents than ornamental ones.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biphenyl Compounds/metabolism
  7. Agatonovic-Kustrin S, Morton DW, Ristivojević P
    J Chromatogr A, 2016 Oct 14;1468:228-235.
    PMID: 27670751 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.09.041
    The aim of this study was to develop and validate a rapid and simple high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method to screen for antioxidant activity in algal samples. 16 algal species were collected from local Victorian beaches. Fucoxanthin, one of the most abundant marine carotenoids was quantified directly from the HPTLC plates before derivatization, while derivatization either with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) or ferric chloride (FeCl3) was used to analyze antioxidants in marine algae, based on their ability to scavenge non biological stable free radical (DPPH) or to chelate iron ions. Principal component analysis of obtained HPTLC fingerprints has classified algae species into 5 groups according to their chemical/antioxidant profiles. The investigated brown algae samples were found to be rich in non-and moderate-polar compounds and phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity. Most of the phenolic iron chelators also have shown free radical scavenging activity. Strong positive and significant correlations between total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity showed that, phenolic compounds, including flavonoids are the main contributors of antioxidant activity in these species. The results suggest that certain brown algae possess significantly higher antioxidant potential when compared to red or green algae and could be considered for future applications in medicine, dietary supplements, cosmetics or food industries. Cystophora monilifera extract was found to have the highest antioxidant concentration, followed by Zonaria angustata, Cystophora pectinate, Codium fragile, and Cystophora pectinata. Fucoxanthin was found mainly in the brown algae species. The proposed methods provide an edge in terms of screening for antioxidants and quantification of antioxidant constituents in complex mixtures. The current application also demonstrates flexibility and versatility of a standard HPTLC system in the drug discovery. Proposed methods could be used for the bioassay-guided isolation of unknown natural antioxidants and subsequent identification if combined with spectroscopic identification.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biphenyl Compounds/chemistry
  8. Annemans L, Demarteau N, Hu S, Lee TJ, Morad Z, Supaporn T, et al.
    Value Health, 2008 May-Jun;11(3):354-64.
    PMID: 17888064 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2007.00250.x
    OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes, often leading to diabetic nephropathy, has increased globally, especially in Asia. Irbesartan treatment delays the progression of kidney disease at the early (microalbuminuria) and late (proteinuria) stages of nephropathy in hypertensive type 2 diabetics. This treatment has proven to be cost-effective in Western countries. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of early irbesartan treatment in Asian settings.
    METHODS: An existing lifetime model was reprogrammed in Microsoft Excel to compare irbesartan started at an early stage to irbesartan or amlodipine started at a late stage, and standard treatments from a health-care perspective in China, Malaysia, Thailand, South Korea, and Taiwan. The main effectiveness parameters were incidences of end-stage renal disease, time in dialysis, and life expectancy. All costs were converted to 2004 US$ using official purchasing power parity. Local data were obtained for costs, transplantation,dialysis, and mortality rates. Probabilities regarding disease progression after treatment with the investigated drugs were extracted from two published clinical trials. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed.
    RESULTS: Early use of irbesartan yielded the largest clinical and economic benefits reducing need for dialysis by 61% to 63% versus the standard treatment, total costs by 9% (Thailand) to 42% (Taiwan), and increasing life expectancy by 0.31 to 0.48 years. Early irbesartan had a 66% (Thailand) to 95% (Taiwan) probability of being dominant over late irbesartan.
    CONCLUSION: Although the absolute results varied in different settings, reflecting differences in epidemiology, management, and costs, early irbesartan treatment was a cost-effective alternative in the Asian settings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biphenyl Compounds/administration & dosage; Biphenyl Compounds/economics*
  9. Sivasothy Y, Krishnan T, Chan KG, Abdul Wahab SM, Othman MA, Litaudon M, et al.
    Molecules, 2016 Mar 21;21(3):391.
    PMID: 27102164 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030391
    Malabaricones A-C (1-3) and giganteone A (4) were isolated from the bark of Myristica cinnamomea King. Their structures were elucidated and characterized by means of NMR and MS spectral analyses. These isolates were evaluated for their anti-quorum sensing activity using quorum sensing biosensors, namely Escherichia coli [pSB401] and Escherichia coli [pSB1075], whereby the potential of giganteone A (4) as a suitable anti-quorum sensing agent was demonstrated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biphenyl Compounds/pharmacology*; Biphenyl Compounds/chemistry
  10. Khorasani Esmaeili A, Mat Taha R, Mohajer S, Banisalam B
    Biomed Res Int, 2015;2015:643285.
    PMID: 26064936 DOI: 10.1155/2015/643285
    In the present study the extracts of in vivo and in vitro grown plants as well as callus tissue of red clover were tested for their antioxidant activities, using different extraction solvent and different antioxidant assays. The total flavonoid and phenolic contents as well as extraction yield of the extracts were also investigated to determine their correlation with the antioxidant activity of the extracts. Among all the tested extracts the highest amounts of total phenolic and total flavonoids content were found in methanol extract of in vivo grown plants. The antioxidant activity of tested samples followed the order in vivo plant extract > callus extract > in vitro extract. The highest reducing power, 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, and chelating power were found in methanol extracts of in vivo grown red clover, while the chloroform fraction of in vivo grown plants showed the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging compared to the other tested extracts. A significant correlation was found between the antioxidant activity of extracts and their total phenolic and total flavonoid content. According to the findings, the extract of in vitro culture of red clover especially the callus tissue possesses a comparable antioxidant activity to the in vivo cultured plants' extract.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biphenyl Compounds/pharmacology; Biphenyl Compounds/chemistry
  11. Mollataghi A, Hadi AH, Awang K, Mohamad J, Litaudon M, Mukhtar MR
    Molecules, 2011 Aug 04;16(8):6582-90.
    PMID: 21818061 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16086582
    A new neolignan, 3,4-dimethoxy-3',4'-methylenedioxy-2,9-epoxy-6,7-cyclo-1,8-neolign-11-en-5(5H)-one, which has been named (+)-kunstlerone (1), together with six known alkaloids: (+)-norboldine (2), (+)-N-methylisococlaurine (3), (+)-cassythicine (4), (+)-laurotetanine (5), (+)-boldine (6) and (-)-pallidine (7), were isolated from the leaves of Beilschmiedia kunstleri. The structures were established through various spectroscopic methods notably 1D- and 2D-NMR, UV, IR and LCMS-IT-TOF. (+)- Kunstlerone (1) showed a strong antioxidant activity, with an SC(50) of 20.0 µg/mL.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biphenyl Compounds/antagonists & inhibitors; Biphenyl Compounds/metabolism
  12. Karimi E, Jaafar HZ
    Molecules, 2011 Aug 09;16(8):6791-805.
    PMID: 21829154 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16086791
    Microwave extraction of phytochemicals from medicinal plant materials has generated tremendous research interest and shown great potential. This research highlights the importance of microwave extraction in the analysis of flavonoids, isoflavonoid and phenolics and the antioxidant properties of extracts from three varieties of the Malaysian medicinal herb, Labisia pumila Benth. High and fast extraction performance ability, equal or higher extraction efficiencies than other methods, and the need for small samples and reagent volumes are some of the attractive features of this new promising microwave assisted extraction (MAE) technique. The aims of the present research were to determine the foliar phenolics and flavonoids contents of extracts of three varieties of L. pumila obtained by a microwave extraction method while flavonoid, isoflavonoid and phenolic compounds were analyzed using RP-HPLC. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities were measured by the DPPH and FRAP methods and finally, the chemical composition of the crude methanolic extracts of the leaves of all three varieties were analyzed by GS-MS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biphenyl Compounds/antagonists & inhibitors; Biphenyl Compounds/metabolism
  13. Hosseinzadeh M, Mohamad J, Khalilzadeh MA, Zardoost MR, Haak J, Rajabi M
    J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, Biol., 2013 Nov 5;128:85-91.
    PMID: 24077497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.08.002
    The bark of Litsea costalis affords two new compounds named 4,4'-diallyl-5,5'-dimethoxy-[1,1'-biphennyl]-2,2'-diol, biseugenol A (1) and 2,2'-oxybis (4-allyl-1-methoxybenzene), biseugenol B (2) along with two known compounds (3-4), namely 5-methoxy-2-Hydroxy Benzaldehyde (3), and (E)-4-styrylphenol (4). The structures of 1 and 2 were determined using 1D and 2D NMR data. Also, the IR and NMR data were combined with quantum chemical calculations in the DFT approach using the hybrid B3LYP exchange-correlation function to confirm the structures of the compounds. Compounds showed fairly potent anticancer activity against cell lines and antioxidant (DPPH).
    Matched MeSH terms: Biphenyl Compounds/isolation & purification; Biphenyl Compounds/pharmacology*; Biphenyl Compounds/chemistry*
  14. Kadhum AA, Al-Amiery AA, Musa AY, Mohamad AB
    Int J Mol Sci, 2011;12(9):5747-61.
    PMID: 22016624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12095747
    The antioxidant activity of two synthesized coumarins namely, N-(4,7-dioxo-2- phenyl-1,3-oxazepin-3(2H,4H,7H)-yl)-2-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yloxy)acetamide 5 and N-(4-oxo-2-phenylthiazolidin-3-yl)-2-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yloxy)acetamide 6 were studied with the DPPH, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide radical methods and compared with the known antioxidant ascorbic acid. Compounds 5 and 6 were synthesized in a good yield from the addition reaction of maleic anhydride or mercaptoacetic acid to compound 4, namely N'-benzylidene-2-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yloxy)acetohydrazide. Compound 4 was synthesized by the condensation of compound 3, namely 2-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yloxy) acetohydrazide, with benzaldehyde. Compound 3, however, was synthesized from the addition of hydrazine to compound 2, namely ethyl 2-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yloxy)acetate, which was synthesized from the reaction of ethyl bromoacetate with 4-hydroxycoumarin 1. Structures for the synthesized coumarins 2-6 are proposed on the basis of spectroscopic evidence.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biphenyl Compounds/antagonists & inhibitors; Biphenyl Compounds/metabolism; Biphenyl Compounds/chemistry
  15. Lim CK, Halim AS, Lau HY, Ujang Z, Hazri A
    J Appl Biomater Biomech, 2007 May-Aug;5(2):82-7.
    PMID: 20799177
    Chitosan (beta-1, 4-D-glucosamine) is a deacetylated form of chitin with excellent biological properties in wound management. The natural properties of chitosan have the physical and chemical limitations to be widely used in biomedical fields. The improvement of the physical and chemical properties of chitosan with some additional chemicals will alter its biocompatibility. Therefore, the biological attribute of the modified chitosan must be evaluated. In this study, the cytotoxicity of oligo-chitosan (OC) and N, O- carboxymethyl-chitosan (NO-CMC) derivatives (O-C 1%, O-C 5%, NO-CMC 1% and NO-CMC 5%) was evaluated using primary normal human epidermal keratinocyte (pNHEK) cultures as an in vitro toxicology model at standardized cell passages (fourth passages). 3-[4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was used as a cell viability assay. The O-C 1% is one of the most compatible chitosan derivatives because it steadily sustained >70% of viable cells until 72 hr post-treatment. This was followed by O-C 5%, NO-CMC 5% and NO-CMC 1%. Therefore, oligo-chitosan had the ideal properties of a biocompatible material compared to N, O- carboxymethyl-chitosan in this study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biphenyl Compounds
  16. Amirdivani S, Baba AS
    J Food Sci Technol, 2015 Jul;52(7):4652-60.
    PMID: 26139940 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1670-6
    The purpose of this study was to evaluate fermentation of milk in the presence of green tea (Camellia sinensis) with respect to changes in antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds and the growth of lactic acid bacteria. Pasteurized full fat cow's milk and starter culture were incubated at 41 °C in the presence of two different types of green tea extracts. The yogurts formed were refrigerated (4 °C) for further analysis. The total phenolic content was highest (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Biphenyl Compounds
  17. Bukhari SNA, Alotaibi NH, Ahmad W, Alharbi KS, Abdelgawad MA, Al-Sanea MM, et al.
    Med Chem, 2020 Sep 05.
    PMID: 32888274 DOI: 10.2174/1573406416666200905125038
    BACKGROUND: Ligustrazine and chalcones have been reported previously for various biological activities including anticancer effects.

    OBJECTIVES: Based on the multitargeted biological activities approach of ligustrazine based chalcones, in current study 18 synthetic ligustrazine-containing α, β-unsaturated carbonyl-based 1, 3-Diphenyl-2-propen-1-one derivatives were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on growth of five different types of cancer cells.

    METHODS: All compounds were evaluated for anticancer effects on various cancer cell lines by propidium iodide fluorescence assay and various other assays were performed for mechanistic studies.

    RESULTS: Majority of compounds exhibited strong inhibition of cancer cells especially synthetic compounds 4a and 4b bearing 1-Pyridin-3-yl-ethanone as a ketone moiety in main structural backbone were found most powerful inhibitors of cancer cell growth. Most active 9 compounds among whole series were selected for further studies related to different cancer targets including EGFR TK kinases, tubulin polymerization, KAF and BRAFV600E.

    CONCLUSION: Synthetic derivatives including 4a-b and 5a-b showed multitarget approach and showed strong inhibitory effects on EGFR, FAK and BRAF while three compounds including 3e bearing methoxy substitution, 4a and 4b with 1- pyridin-3-yl-ethanone moiety showed the inhibition of tubulin polymerization.

    Matched MeSH terms: Biphenyl Compounds
  18. Sha'arani S, Hara H, Araie H, Suzuki I, Mohd Noor MJM, Akhir FNM, et al.
    J Gen Appl Microbiol, 2019 Sep 14;65(4):173-179.
    PMID: 30686798 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2018.08.003
    This study gives the first picture of whole RNA-Sequencing analysis of a PCB-degrading microbe, Rhodococcus jostii RHA1. Genes that were highly expressed in biphenyl-grown cells, compared with pyruvate-grown cells, were chosen based on the Reads Per Kilobase Million (RPKM) value and were summarized based on the criteria of RPKM ≥100 and fold change ≥2.0. Consequently, 266 total genes were identified as genes expressed particularly for the degradation of biphenyl. After comparison with previous microarray data that identified highly-expressed genes, based on a fold change ≥2.0 and p-value ≤0.05, 62 highly-expressed genes from biphenyl-grown cells were determined from both analytical platforms. As these 62 genes involve known PCB degradation genes, such as bph, etb, and ebd, the genes identified in this study can be considered as essential genes for PCB/biphenyl degradation. In the 62 genes, eleven genes encoding hypothetical proteins were highly expressed in the biphenyl-grown cells. Meanwhile, we identified several highly-expressed unannotated DNA regions on the opposite strand. In order to verify the encoded proteins, two regions were cloned into an expression vector. A protein was successfully obtained from one region at approximately 25 kDa from the unannotated strand. Thus, the genome sequence with transcriptomic analysis gives new insight, considering re-annotation of the genome of R. jostii RHA1, and provides a clearer picture of PCB/biphenyl degradation in this strain.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biphenyl Compounds
  19. Mohd Yusof FF, Yaacob JS, Osman N, Ibrahim MH, Wan-Mohtar WAAQI, Berahim Z, et al.
    Plants (Basel), 2021 Mar 23;10(3).
    PMID: 33806923 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030608
    The growing demand for high value aromatic herb Polygonum minus-based products have increased in recent years, for its antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory potentials. Although few reports have indicated the chemical profiles and antioxidative effects of Polygonum minus, no study has been conducted to assess the benefits of micro-environmental manipulation (different shading levels) on the growth, leaf gas exchange and secondary metabolites in Polygonum minus. Therefore, two shading levels (50%:T2 and 70%:T3) and one absolute control (0%:T1) were studied under eight weeks and 16 weeks of exposures on Polygonum minus after two weeks. It was found that P. minus under T2 obtained the highest photosynthesis rate (14.892 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1), followed by T3 = T1. The increase in photosynthesis rate was contributed by the enhancement of the leaf pigments content (chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b). This was shown by the positive significant correlations observed between photosynthesis rate with chlorophyll a (r2 = 0.536; p ≤ 0.05) and chlorophyll b (r2 = 0.540; p ≤ 0.05). As the shading levels and time interval increased, the production of total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant properties of Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) also increased. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were also significantly enhanced under T2 and T3. The current study suggested that P.minus induce the production of more leaf pigments and secondary metabolites as their special adaptation mechanism under low light condition. Although the biomass was affected under low light, the purpose of conducting the study to boost the bioactive properties in Polygonum minus has been fulfilled by 50% shading under 16 weeks' exposure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biphenyl Compounds
  20. Nor Hafiza Sayuti, ‘Ammar Akram Kamarudin, Nor Asma Ab. Razak, Norazalina Saad, Mohd Sabri Pak Dek, Norhaizan Mohd Esa
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: There are numerous studies on the therapeutic properties of Artocarpus heterophyllus. However, stud- ies on the aqueous extraction of A. heterophyllus leaves are limited. This present study was conducted to optimize the extraction conditions of A. heterophyllus leaves to yield the highest phenolic, flavonoids and antioxidant contents. Methods: Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to obtain a higher phenolic extraction parameter(s) of A. heterophyllus leaves using Central Composite Design (CCD). The antioxidant activity was then determined via ABTS (2,29-azinobis (3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) and DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay and analysis of the individual phenolics was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: The optimum extraction conditions with higher phenolics content and antioxidant activity was achieved at 81°C, 100 min and 40 mL/g sample with a good desirability value of 0.87. Under these optimized parameters, total phenolics and flavonoids were 174.48 ± 4.05 mg GAE/g sample and 21.44 ± 0.05 mg RE/g sample, respectively. Meanwhile, antioxidant activity via ABTS and DPPH assays were 90.88% ± 0.09 and 87.22% ± 0.62, respectively. Finally, under optimal extraction conditions revealed 4 compounds identified as chlorogenic acid, quercetin, rutin and kaempferol. Conclusion: The optimisation are promising to improve phenolic yield and antioxidant activity in A. heterophyllus leaves. It also proved that A. heterophyllus leaves can be used as an alternative natural antioxidant especially in medicinal applications since all identified compound possess significant biological activities for human health.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biphenyl Compounds
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