Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 127 in total

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  1. Fulltext Isolation and identification of common bacteria causing Subclinical Mastitis in dairy goats
    Omar, S., Mat-Kamir, N.F.
    International Food Research Journal, 2018;25(4):1668-1674.
    MyJurnal
    The purpose of the current study was to isolate and identify subclinical mastitis causing bacteria from milk samples of dairy goats. The milk samples from individual dairy goats were collected from several dairy goat farms around Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Major bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus spp. (73.2%). Coagulase negative staphylococci encompassing 68.3% of the isolates, whereas 4.9% was coagulase positive staphylococci. Bacillus spp. constituted 12.2% out of the isolates. Listeria spp. and Neisseria spp. both were represented 7.3%. There is a need to discuss the potential hazards of these bacteria in affecting milk quality, health of goats and food safety to consumers. The findings also emphasize the need to study the exact species of bacteria isolated in order to plan for their prevention as well as to assist veterinarians in prescribing correct antibiotic therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  2. Survey-based data on food security, nutrition and agricultural production shocks among rural farming households in northern Uganda
    Mwungu CM, Shikuku KM, Atibo C, Mwongera C
    Data Brief, 2019 Apr;23:103818.
    PMID: 31372462 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.103818
    Climate change, degradation of natural resources, conflict or civil war, diseases and poverty are among the key threats that impact agriculture, human nutrition, food security and food safety among rural households in developing countries. Sustainability of food systems and livelihoods will thus crucially depend on not only the ability to accommodate or recover from these threats but also to tap into opportunities for strengthening long-term capabilities. One approach to enhancing resilience to enhance food security and nutrition is building an evidence base to better understand the various types of smallholders, threats to agriculture production and the associated risks to food security and nutrition and household food preferences. Unfortunately, such data in many African countries is still unavailable or has not been shared publicly. In this paper, we describe data that were collected in Nwoya district, Northern Uganda in December 2017. These data can be used to assess the relationship between resilience of farm households to climatic risks and their food and nutrition security.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  3. Comprehensive genomic and phenotypic metal resistance profile of Pseudomonas putida strain S13.1.2 isolated from a vineyard soil
    Chong TM, Yin WF, Chen JW, Mondy S, Grandclément C, Faure D, et al.
    AMB Express, 2016 Dec;6(1):95.
    PMID: 27730570
    Trace metals are required in many cellular processes in bacteria but also induce toxic effects to cells when present in excess. As such, various forms of adaptive responses towards extracellular trace metal ions are essential for the survival and fitness of bacteria in their environment. A soil Pseudomonas putida, strain S13.1.2 has been isolated from French vineyard soil samples, and shown to confer resistance to copper ions. Further investigation revealed a high capacity to tolerate elevated concentrations of various heavy metals including nickel, cobalt, cadmium, zinc and arsenic. The complete genome analysis was conducted using single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing and the genome consisted in a single chromosome at the size of 6.6 Mb. Presence of operons and gene clusters such as cop, cus, czc, nik, and asc systems were detected and accounted for the observed resistance phenotypes. The unique features in terms of specificity and arrangements of some genetic determinants were also highlighted in the study. Our findings has provided insights into the adaptation of this strain to accumulation and persistence of copper and other heavy metals in vineyard soil environment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  4. Fulltext Microbial Diversity and Community Variation in the Intestines of Layer Chickens
    Xiao SS, Mi JD, Mei L, Liang J, Feng KX, Wu YB, et al.
    Animals (Basel), 2021 Mar 16;11(3).
    PMID: 33809729 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030840
    The intestinal microbiota is increasingly recognized as an important component of host health, metabolism and immunity. Early gut colonizers are pivotal in the establishment of microbial community structures affecting the health and growth performance of chickens. White Lohmann layer is a common commercial breed. Therefore, this breed was selected to study the pattern of changes of microbiota with age. In this study, the duodenum, caecum and colorectum contents of white Lohmann layer chickens from same environment control farm were collected and analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing to explore the spatial and temporal variations in intestinal microbiota. The results showed that the diversity of the microbial community structure in the duodenum, caecum and colorectum increased with age and tended to be stable when the layer chickens reached 50 days of age and the distinct succession patterns of the intestinal microbiota between the duodenum and large intestine (caecum and colorectum). On day 0, the diversity of microbes in the duodenum was higher than that in the caecum and colorectum, but the compositions of intestinal microbes were relatively similar, with facultative anaerobic Proteobacteria as the main microbes. However, the relative abundance of facultative anaerobic bacteria (Escherichia) gradually decreased and was replaced by anaerobic bacteria (Bacteroides and Ruminococcaceae). By day 50, the structure of intestinal microbes had gradually become stable, and Lactobacillus was the dominant bacteria in the duodenum (41.1%). The compositions of dominant microbes in the caecum and colorectum were more complex, but there were certain similarities. Bacteroides, Odoribacter and Clostridiales vadin BB60 group were dominant. The results of this study provide evidence that time and spatial factors are important factors affecting the intestinal microbiota composition. This study provides new knowledge of the intestinal microbiota colonization pattern of layer chickens in early life to improve the intestinal health of layer chickens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  5. Fulltext Antibiotic susceptibility of staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli isolated from dairy goats in selected farms in Selangor, Malaysia
    Mansor, R., Diauudin, N.S., Syed-Hussain, S.S., Khalid, S.F.
    Jurnal Veterinar Malaysia, 2019;31(1):12-16.
    MyJurnal
    Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a major problem worldwide with significance public health impact in both animal and human populations. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common pathogen in domestic livestock and Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a normal flora in the gut and these organisms are considered as effective indicators for AMR surveillance. Increased in antimicrobial resistance of these bacteria in veterinary medicine leads to difficulties in choosing effective antibiotics to treat diseases they caused. This study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of S. aureus and E. coli isolated from dairy goats in selected farms located in Selangor, Malaysia against different antibiotics. Milk and faecal samples were collected from 36 dairy goats and samples were prepared for the isolation of S. aureus and E. coli isolates respectively. The isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test. All 11 (100%) E. coli isolates showed resistance to amoxicillin and penicillin while 3 (27%) of the 11 S. aureus isolates, showed resistance towards the same class of antibiotic. Both S. aureus and E. coli isolates showed high susceptibility to four antibiotics, namely trimethoprim-sulfamethazole, neomycin, tetracycline and enrofloxacin. This study provided information regarding the antibiotic resistance of S. aureus and E. coli in relation to the antimicrobial usage practice in selected dairy goat farms located in Selangor, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  6. Fulltext Assessing the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the transmissibility and severity of COVID-19 during the first five months in the Western Pacific Region
    Yeoh EK, Chong KC, Chiew CJ, Lee VJ, Ng CW, Hashimoto H, et al.
    One Health, 2021 Jun;12:100213.
    PMID: 33506086 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100213
    While most countries in the Western Pacific Region (WPR) had similar trajectories of COVID-19 from January to May, their implementations of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) differed by transmission stages. To offer a better understanding for an implementation of multidisciplinary policies in COVID-19 control, we compared the impact of NPIs by assessing the transmissibility and severity of COVID-19 in different phases of the epidemic during the first five months in WPR. In this study, we estimated the piecewise instantaneous reproduction number (R
    t
    ) and the reporting delay-adjusted case-fatality ratio (dCFR) of COVID-19 in seven WPR jurisdictions: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Japan, Malaysia, Shanghai, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. According to the results, implementing NPIs was associated with an apparent reduction of the piecewise R
    t
    in two epidemic waves in general. However, large cluster outbreaks raised the piecewise R
    t
    to a high level. We also observed relaxing the NPIs could result in an increase of R
    t
    . The estimated dCFR ranged from 0.09% to 1.59% among the jurisdictions, except in Japan where an estimate of 5.31% might be due to low testing efforts. To conclude, in conjunction with border control measures to reduce influx of imported cases which might cause local outbreaks, other NPIs including social distancing measures along with case finding by rapid tests are also necessary to prevent potential large cluster outbreaks and transmissions from undetected cases. A comparatively lower CFR may reflect the health system capacity of these jurisdictions. In order to keep track of sustained disease transmission due to resumption of economic activities, a close monitoring of disease transmissibility is recommended in the relaxation phase. The report of transmission of SARS CoV-2 to pets in Hong Kong and to mink in farm outbreaks highlight for the control of COVID-19 and emerging infectious disease, the One Health approach is critical in understanding and accounting for how human, animals and environment health are intricately connected.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  7. Fulltext Economics, life history and international trade data for seven turtle species in Indonesian and Malaysian farms
    Andersen SK, Staerk J, Kalhor E, Natusch DJD, da Silva R, Pfau B, et al.
    Data Brief, 2021 Feb;34:106708.
    PMID: 33506080 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106708
    We collected data on the trade of seven turtle and tortoise species endemic to Indonesia and Malaysia (Amyda cartilaginea, Batagur borneoensis, Cuora amboinensis, Carettochelys insculpta, Heosemys annandalii, Heosemys grandis, and Heosemys spinosa). The data on those species included: operations costs of three breeding farms and one export facility; species life-history traits; and species international legal trade and confiscation data. We collected data for the facilities (one in Malaysia and three in Indonesia) using site visits and a semi-structured questionnaire. We conducted a literature review to compile relevant information on species' life-history traits to estimate breeding viability. We downloaded species-specific data on international trade from the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Trade Database for the exporting countries (Malaysia and Indonesia) for 2000-2015. We compared legal trade with confiscation data obtained from CITES. The data in this article can provide insights into the operations of turtle breeding farms in Southeast Asia. These data can be used as a reference for the inspection of breeding farms and for legislative bodies to determine whether captive breeding for select turtle species is feasible.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  8. Fulltext Effect of plant ontogeny on quantity and chemical constituents of essential oil in sweet basil (Ocimum Basilicum L.) grown in Sudan
    Aburigal, Yasmin A. A., Elmogtaba, Elfadl Y., Sirible, Awatif M., Hamza, Nada B., Hussein, Ismail H., Mirghani, Mohamed E. S.
    Biological and Natural Resources Engineering Journal, 2020;3(2):1-6.
    MyJurnal
    Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a very important food additive as well as for its therapeutic and cosmetic potential. The composition of essential oils in plants is affected by genetics and environmental conditions, which is determined by growth region and harvesting time in terms of ontogenetical variability. This study was carried out to assess the effect of plant ontogeny (pre-flowering, at flowering, fruiting) on essential oil content and chemical constituents for four sweet basil cultivated under irrigation conditions in the experimental farm of the National Oilseed Processing Research Institute (NOPRI), University of Gezira, Sudan. The essential oils were hydro-distilled from the leaves using Clevenger apparatus and the chemical constituents were determined by GC-MS. The results reveal that the essential oil yield content ranged from 0.1% to 0.2% at pre-flowering stage, whereas the oil content obtained at post-flowering stage was 0.1% for the investigated accessions. The highest essential oil content was recorded at flowering stage (0.2-0.5%), where the two Sudanese accessions had the maximum content (0.5%). The major chemical constituents, linalool, citral, methyleugenol, and eucalyptol reported at different developmental stages, punctuated between 5.73% and 32.93% in the four investigated accessions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  9. Fulltext Ph Monitoring for Liquid Fertilizer Management in Black Pepper Farming
    Kedung Fletcher, Anding Nyuak, Tan Phei Yee
    International Journal of Innovation and Industrial Revolution, 2021;3(6):1-12.
    MyJurnal
    There is lacking technology application in black pepper farming to automate daily routine activities in monitoring black pepper vines growth and nutrient need. With the revolution of Industry 4.0 (IR4.0), and tremendous improvement in the internet of things (IoT), the application of precision agriculture to pepper farming is a thing to consider for its benefit. This paper to explore the use of IoT to monitor fertilizer requirement for pepper vines using pH sensor. The pH sensor attached to Raspberry Pi 3 will be collecting the data and forwarding it to the cloud database for farmer reference and take decision based on data presented in form of a digital report from the database. The Python environment provides the space for coding in Raspberry Pi. SQL and PHP software is used to design the user interface and data management in the relational database management system. The information about pH provides a better understanding of how pH parameter affects the growth of pepper vines. The farmer will be able to access the information anywhere and anytime. Therefore, our proposed system will greatly help the pepper farmers in Sarawak in managing the usage of fertilizer as a way to minimize farm inputs, thus increase their profit.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  10. Fulltext The prevalence of parasitic infestation of small ruminant farms in perak, malaysia
    Zainalabidin FA, Raimy N, Yaacob MH, Musbah A, Bathmanaban P, Ismail EA, et al.
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2015 Apr;26(1):1-8.
    PMID: 26019746 MyJurnal
    Helminthiasis due to strongyles such as Haemonchus contortus, coccidiosis caused by Eimeria sp. and blood parasite diseases such as theileriosis by Theileria sp. have been reported to cause severe morbidity and mortality annually in small ruminants in Malaysia. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of helminthiasis, coccidiosis and theileriosis and to determine the packed cell volume (PCV) value of small ruminants in Perak, Malaysia. Blood and faecal samples were obtained from a total of 175 animals from 7 small ruminant farms in Kampar, Larut Matang and Selama, Kuala Kangsar and Manjung districts in Perak; the samples were examined for parasitic infestations from April to July 2011. The results of this study show that H. contortus was found in 152 (86.86%) animals, Eimeria sp. was found in 162 (92.57%) animals and the blood protozoa Theileria sp. was found in 25 (14.30%) animals. The PCV values of all of these animals were recorded between 7% and 44%. A total of 42 (24%) animals were anaemic, with a PCV of less than 21%. Continuous monitoring of small ruminant farms will provide important information for assisting farmers with managing the spread of parasitic infections and maintaining the productivity of animals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  11. Fulltext A Comparative Study on Physicochemical Characteristics of Raw Goat Milk Collected from Different Farms in Malaysia
    Jaafar SHS, Hashim R, Hassan Z, Arifin N
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2018 Mar;29(1):195-212.
    PMID: 29644024 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2018.29.1.13
    This study was conducted to determine the physical and chemical composition of goat milk produced by eight local farms located in the central region of Malaysia. Farms 1 to 4 (F1-SC, F2-SP, F3-SP, F4-SBC) reared Saanen-type goats while farms 5 to 8 (F5-JK, F6-JPEC, F7-JTC, F8-JC), Jamnapari-type goats. The common feedstuffs used in all farms comprised of fresh or silage from Napier grass, feed pellets, and brans while two farms, F5-JK and F6-JPEC supplemented the feeds with soybean-based product. The total solid content, dry matter, and proximate composition of goat milk and feedstuffs from the different farms were determined and the results analysed using principal component analysis. Total solid content of goat milk from the Jamnapari crossbreed had the highest solid content ranging from 11.81% to 17.54% compared to milk from farms with Saanen and Saanen crossbreed (10.95% to 14.63%). Jamnapari-type goats from F5-JK, F6-JPEC, and F8-JC had significantly higher (p < 0.05) milk fat and protein contents (7.36%, 7.14%, and 6.59% fat; 5.08%, 6.19%, and 4.23% protein, respectively) than milk from other farms but, milk produced by Saanen-type goats from F4-SBC contained similar protein content (4.34%) to that from F8-JC. Total ash and carbohydrate contents in milk ranged between 0.67% to 0.86% and 3.26% to 4.71%, respectively, regardless of goat breed. Feeding soybean-based products appear to have a positive influence on milk fat and protein content in Jamnaparitype goats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  12. Fulltext Prevalence of Ectoparasitism on Small Ruminants in Kelantan, Malaysia
    Syamsul VS, Okene IA, Yahya SNC, Hamdan RH, Lee SH, Tan LP
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2020 Apr;31(1):45-56.
    PMID: 32963710 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2020.31.1.3
    Kelantan is a chiefly agrarian state with abundant small-holder ruminant farms in the East Coast economic Region of Malaysia. Ectoparasitism affects small ruminant production in Malaysia. It often causes reduction in meat quality and milk production which affect the farmers' income. To date, no report for the prevalence of ectoparasitism on small ruminant in Kelantan compared to other state in Malaysia. This study aims to determine the prevalence and associated risk factor of ruminant ectoparasitism in Kelantan. Ectoparasites were collected by manual picking and skin scrapping from 462 sheep and goats in Kelantan between April and September 2017 (during dry season). 60% of the sampled animals were infested with at least one species of the ectoparasites. In this study, lice and ticks were the most prevalent ectoparasites on small ruminant, which were 43.64% and 22.98%, respectively. The high biotic potential of lice population on host might be one of the factors they become the most prevalent species found on the animals. There was no significant relationship between ectoparasitism prevalence and species of small ruminants (χ2 = 1.12, p = 0.293). However, there was significant variations in prevalence between the regions where the animals were sampled from (χ2 = 30.25, p = 0.002) and farm management system for both species. This present study provides baseline epidemiological data on the prevalence of ectoparasitism in small ruminant. This information is useful for the formulation of prevention and control measures in order to enhance ruminant productivity in Kelantan.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  13. Nematode control failure due to anthelmintic resistance in a sheep farm in Malaysia: First identification of the F200Y mutation in the isotype 1 β-tubulin gene
    Khadijah S, Wahaf ANS, Syahmi MI, Tan TK, Low VL, Azrul LM, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2018 Dec 01;35(4):999-1006.
    PMID: 33601847
    This paper reports total nematode anthelmintic resistance towards albendazole, fenbendazole, levamisole and ivermectin in a commercial sheep farm located in Terengganu, Malaysia. Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) was conducted on 25 sheep, where five sheep in each group were treated with the respective four anthelmintics based on live bodyweight. The balance of five sheep placed in the control group were not treated with any anthelmintics. At day 13 post-treatment, faecal egg count was conducted and nematode worm egg count reduction percentage was calculated to determine the resistance status towards the respective anthelmintics tested. Results showed that nematodes were resistant to all the anthelmintics tested, namely albendazole, fenbendazole, levamisole and ivermectin with reduction percentage of 87%, 46%, 94% and 68%, respectively. Subsequently, the third stage larvae of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis recovered from post-treatment faecal cultures were subjected to allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) assay to determine the presence of the benzimidazole resistance gene. This study reports the occurrence of the classical F200Y mutation in the isotype 1 βtubulin gene, for the first time in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  14. Fulltext Key enablers in a production sharing contract operatorship transfer exercise
    Ariffin Samsuri, Zainal Zakaria, Kamal Hafez Manaf, Issham Ismail
    Journal of Advanced Review on Scientific Research, 2017;37(1):1-13.
    MyJurnal
    Production Sharing Contract (PSC) is one of the petroleum agreements mode that
    are being utilized in many parts of the world in enabling exploration, development
    and production of the petroleum resources at the respective locations. It was first
    introduced in Indonesia in 1966, and followed by Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand, and
    Brunei. One of interesting aspects of PSC management is the operatorship
    transferhandling when a PSC is nearing its expiry. When the time come, the
    current PSC contractor as operator has the option to relinquish it to the host
    authority to be handed over to other operator, farm it out to the other PSC
    contractor to reduce the risk exposure or continue operating under a new PSC
    terms. The most challenging will be to relinquish the operatorship to another
    operator whereby several complexities will need to be adequately addressed to
    ensure benefit preservation to the host authority, incoming operator and
    outgoing operator. Therefore there is a need to adhere to key factors or enablers
    to administer the operatorship transfer exercise if it occurs in the near future. The
    key enablers would be able to address the operatorship transfer exercise
    effectively with the objective to alleviate complications to the host authority,
    outgoing operator and incoming operator. With the emphasized in the PETRONAS
    Procedure & Guideline for Upstream Activities together with three case studies,
    this paper proposed several key enablers to be considered for a PSC successful
    operatorship transfer which is human resources, data management, asset
    reliability and integrity management, supply chain management and good
    relationship between parties. With identified key factors, it is hoped that any PSC
    operatorship transfer will be able to be managed smoothly and will ensure
    benefits to all parties concerned.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  15. Fulltext Current situation and future prospects for beef production in Thailand - A review
    Bunmee T, Chaiwang N, Kaewkot C, Jaturasitha S
    Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 2018 Jul;31(7):968-975.
    PMID: 29879818 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0201
    Thailand is a country of native beef cattle resource farming. It has undergone rapid social and economic change in the past decade. Agricultural growth has been maintained by increasing the production of rice and cassava. Changing economic status also provides opportunities for beef cattle producers to meet increasing consumer demand for beef. Finishing beef cattle numbers in Thailand were about 1.0 M head in 2015. Beef produced in Thailand has exclusively been for domestic consumption. Only 1% of Thailand's beef cattle are for the premium market which is based on marbling score, 40% are sold into modern markets that consider muscling of cattle, and the remainder enter traditional markets. Cross-bred cattle for the premium market are raised within intensive systems. Most producers of premium beef are members of beef cooperatives, or have invested in their enterprises at high levels. Culled cow (native or cross-bred cattle) are mainly for small holder farm production. Malaysia, Indonesia, and other members of the Asian Economic Community (AEC) are set to become the largest beef market, which has been confirmed by 2015 through 2020 forecasts for consumption of beef that must increasingly be halal. These circumstances are likely to be challenging for beef producers in Thailand to gain a share of this market. Integration across all sectors involved in beef production in Thailand will be required.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  16. Fulltext Seroprevalence of small ruminant caprine arthritis encephalitis lentivirus among goats from selected small ruminant farms in Selangor, Malaysia
    Jesse FFA, Bitrus AA, Abba Y, Raju VN, Hambali IU, Peter ID, et al.
    Vet World, 2018 Feb;11(2):172-176.
    PMID: 29657399 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.172-176
    Background and Aim: Caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) is an important viral disease of small ruminants particularly in dairy goats with severe social and economic implication. Hence, this study was designed to determine the seroprevalence of CAE virus (CAEV) among goat population in selected small ruminant farms in Selangor and the risk factors associated with the occurrence of the disease.

    Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from a total of 91 goats selected at random. Blood serum was harvested and used for competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test to detect antibodies against CAE virus.

    Results: The result obtained showed that 8/91 (8.8%) of the goats were seropositive for CAEV. In addition, biosecurity management, source of origin and sex of the animal were observed to be important risk factors associated with the occurrence of CAE in goats.

    Conclusion: The findings of this study affirmed that the seroprevalence of CAEV infection among goat population in small ruminant farms in Selangor, Malaysia, is low. However, there is need to institute strict control measures such as testing and culling positive animals or separation of infected animals from those that tested negative to the disease for effective eradication of the disease.

    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  17. Detecting and predicting the impact of land use changes on groundwater quality, a case study in Northern Kelantan, Malaysia
    Sheikhy Narany T, Aris AZ, Sefie A, Keesstra S
    Sci Total Environ, 2017 Dec 01;599-600:844-853.
    PMID: 28501010 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.171
    The conversions of forests and grass land to urban and farmland has exerted significant changes on terrestrial ecosystems. However, quantifying how these changes can affect the quality of water resources is still a challenge for hydrologists. Nitrate concentrations can be applied as an indicator to trace the link between land use changes and groundwater quality due to their solubility and easy transport from their source to the groundwater. In this study, 25year records (from 1989 to 2014) of nitrate concentrations are applied to show the impact of land use changes on the quality of groundwater in Northern Kelantan, Malaysia, where large scale deforestation in recent decades has occurred. The results from the integration of time series analysis and geospatial modelling revealed that nitrate (NO3-N) concentrations significantly increased with approximately 8.1% and 3.89% annually in agricultural and residential wells, respectively, over 25years. In 1989 only 1% of the total area had a nitrate value greater than 10mg/L; and this value increased sharply to 48% by 2014. The significant increase in nitrate was only observed in a shallow aquifer with a 3.74% annual nitrate increase. Based on the result of the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model the nitrate contamination is expected to continue to rise by about 2.64% and 3.9% annually until 2030 in agricultural and residential areas. The present study develops techniques for detecting and predicting the impact of land use changes on environmental parameters as an essential step in land and water resource management strategy development.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  18. Chemopreventive effects of standardized papaya leaf fraction on oxidatively stressed human liver cells
    Tan SA, Goya L, Ramanathan S, Sulaiman SF, Alam M, Navaratnam V
    Food Res Int, 2014 Oct;64:387-395.
    PMID: 30011665 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.06.040
    Extract from papaya leaves, a waste material from fruit farms in Malaysia was previously reported to possess remarkable antioxidative activities. In this study, papaya leaf extract was separated into fractions of different polarities [petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EA), n-butanol (NB) and water (W) fractions]. The aim of this research was to determine the most active fraction in terms of its chemopreventive effects towards oxidative stress and the chemical constituents involved. The cytoprotective nature of the papaya fractions was observed against t-BOOH-induced oxidative stress on HepG2 liver cell line. ROS assay indicated that only PE and EA effectively reduced the increment of radical due to the pro-oxidant, t-BOOH. Nevertheless, PE was a stronger ROS scavenger by demonstrating ROS reducing activity in a dose-dependent manner to the basal level. This fraction was also found to inhibit cell death caused by t-BOOH toxicity, attenuating lactate dehydrogenase enzyme leakage by more than 90% (p<0.05). In addition, gene expression of phase II antioxidant enzymes (hmox-1 and nqo-1) and their transcription factor (nrf-2) were shown to be upregulated upon PE treatment during a time-course study. A GC-MS fingerprint of the active fraction was subsequently obtained with standardization using the marker compound; α-tocopherol, a well known antioxidant. However, this pure compound was not as effective as its corresponding PE concentrations in ROS reduction. Hence, PE of papaya leaf extract was a strong antioxidant and cytoprotectant with tremendous potential to be harnessed into the next therapeutic remedy against oxidative stress of the liver.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  19. Fulltext Application of pesticide in pest management: the case of lowland vegetable growers
    Halimatunsadiah, A.B., Norida, M., Omar, D., Kamarulzaman, N.H.
    International Food Research Journal, 2016;23(5):85-94.
    MyJurnal
    This study investigates pest management practices among lowland farmers on growing
    leafy and fruit vegetables, particularly focusing on the pesticide usage in controlling pest. In
    Malaysia, vegetable productions in lowland areas are to some extent really important as in the
    highland areas due to the wide marketing channel, from local till traded across border. Yet, the
    ignorance of vegetables safety regarding the appropriate of pesticide usage by farmers was
    undeniable, as the market demands only products with good extrinsic quality. Thus a survey
    was conducted among of 85 of lowland vegetable farmers to get information on their pest
    management practices in farms. Result showed that the pesticide application by farmers on
    vegetables crops still indicated a calendar spraying practices. In most cases, farmers tend to
    harvest the vegetable products shortly after a few days of last pesticide spraying. In order to
    enhance the food safety control starting from the primary production, extensive monitoring of
    the current pesticide usage by farmers in vegetable productions is vital to provide an updated
    data on the food safety risk regarding to the pesticide residues. Therefore, the thrust of this
    paper was to get a better understanding on the level of safe pesticide usage among vegetables
    farmers especially in areas of growing vegetables productions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
  20. Fulltext Microbiome analysis of Pacific white shrimp gut and rearing water from Malaysia and Vietnam: implications for aquaculture research and management
    Md Zoqratt MZH, Eng WWH, Thai BT, Austin CM, Gan HM
    PeerJ, 2018;6:e5826.
    PMID: 30397546 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5826
    Aquaculture production of the Pacific white shrimp is the largest in the world for crustacean species. Crucial to the sustainable global production of this important seafood species is a fundamental understanding of the shrimp gut microbiota and its relationship to the microbial ecology of shrimp pond. This is especially true, given the recently recognized role of beneficial microbes in promoting shrimp nutrient intake and in conferring resistance against pathogens. Unfortunately, aquaculture-related microbiome studies are scarce in Southeast Asia countries despite the severe impact of early mortality syndrome outbreaks on shrimp production in the region. In this study, we employed the 16S rRNA amplicon (V3-V4 region) sequencing and amplicon sequence variants (ASV) method to investigate the microbial diversity of shrimp guts and pond water samples collected from aquaculture farms located in Malaysia and Vietnam. Substantial differences in the pond microbiota were observed between countries with the presence and absence of several taxa extending to the family level. Microbial diversity of the shrimp gut was found to be generally lower than that of the pond environments with a few ubiquitous genera representing a majority of the shrimp gut microbial diversity such as Vibrio and Photobacterium, indicating host-specific selection of microbial species. Given the high sequence conservation of the 16S rRNA gene, we assessed its veracity at distinguishing Vibrio species based on nucleotide alignment against type strain reference sequences and demonstrated the utility of ASV approach in uncovering a wider diversity of Vibrio species compared to the conventional OTU clustering approach.
    Matched MeSH terms: Farms
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