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Fulltext Antihyperglycemic Effect of Methanol Extract of Syzygium polyanthum (Wight.) Leaf in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Widyawati T, Yusoff NA, Asmawi MZ, Ahmad M

Nutrients, 2015 Sep;7(9):7764-80.
PMID: 26389944 DOI: 10.3390/nu7095365

Syzygium polyanthum (S. polyanthum), a plant belonging to Myrtaceae, is widely used in Indonesian and Malaysian cuisines. Diabetic patients in Indonesia also commonly use it as a traditional medicine. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the antihyperglycemic effect of the methanol extract (ME) of S. polyanthum leaf and its possible mechanisms of action. To test for hypoglycemic activity, ME was administered orally to normal male Sprague Dawley rats after a 12-h fast. To further test for antihyperglycemic activity, the same treatment was administered to glucose-loaded (intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, IPGTT) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, respectively. Hypoglycemic test in normal rats did not show significant reduction in blood glucose levels (BGLs) by the extract. Furthermore, IPGTT conducted on glucose-loaded normal rats also did not show significant reduction of BGLs. However, repeated administration of metformin and three doses of ME (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) for six days caused significant reduction of fasting BGLs in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The possible mechanisms of action of S. polyanthum antihyperglycemic activity were assessed by measurement of intestinal glucose absorption and glucose uptake by isolated rat abdominal muscle. It was found that the extract not only inhibited glucose absorption from the intestine but also significantly increased glucose uptake in muscle tissue. A preliminary phytochemical qualitative analysis of ME indicated the presence of tannins, glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins. Additionally, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis detected squalene. In conclusion, S. polyanthum methanol leaf extract exerts its antihyperglycemic effect possibly by inhibiting glucose absorption from the intestine and promoting glucose uptake by the muscles.

Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia
Fulltext From west to east; experience with adapting a curriculum in evidence-based medicine

Widyahening IS, van der Heijden GJ, Moy FM, van der Graaf Y, Sastroasmoro S, Bulgiba A

Perspect Med Educ, 2012 Dec;1(5-6):249-61.
PMID: 23240103 DOI: 10.1007/s40037-012-0029-9

Clinical epidemiology (CE) and evidence-based medicine (EBM) have become an important part of medical school curricula. This report describes the implementation and some preliminary outcomes of an integrated CE and EBM module in the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia (UI), Jakarta and in the University of Malaya (UM) in Kuala Lumpur. A CE and EBM module, originally developed at the University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), was adapted for implementation in Jakarta and Kuala Lumpur. Before the start of the module, UI and UM staff followed a training of teachers (TOT). Student competencies were assessed through pre and post multiple-choice knowledge tests, an oral and written structured evidence summary (evidence-based case report, EBCR) as well as a written exam. All students also filled in a module evaluation questionnaire. The TOT was well received by staff in Jakarta and Kuala Lumpur and after adaptation the CE and EBM modules were integrated in both medical schools. The pre-test results of UI and UM were significantly lower than those of UMCU students (p

Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia
The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic: Daily Work Stress and Work Performance between Work from Home (WFH), Work from Office (WFO) and Hybrid in Indonesia

Widjaja A, Fitria D, Ellynia E, Juliani E

Med J Malaysia, 2023 Jul;78(4):519-522.
PMID: 37518925

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this research aimed to investigate the difference between daily work stress and work performance in respondents who work from home (WFH), office (WFO), or vice versa on a scheduled basis during the pandemic COVID-19 period.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 400 respondents were recruited, from all over the province in Indonesia. Instruments utilized were structured questionnaires including a demographic questionnaire, work performance scale (WPS), daily work stress scale. The design used was cross-sectional with a nonprobability sampling method and the data analysis with Chi-Square. The respondents were 400 respondents.
RESULTS: Shows that both respondents who had high, moderate, and low-stress levels on work from home (p>0.001), work from office (p>0.001), and Hybrid (p>0.001). Respondents also had good work performance with all varied work methods.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on this research, each worker has more varied work stress, even though they still carry out their jobs well, and have good performance.

Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia/epidemiology
Fulltext Toward developing a sustainability index for the Islamic Social Finance program: An empirical investigation

Widiastuti T, Prasetyo A, Robani A, Mawardi I, Rosida R, Al Mustofa MU

PLoS One, 2022;17(11):e0276876.
PMID: 36413519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276876

Several previous studies state that the Islamic Social Finance program has not fully succeeded in creating prosperity, and there are no definite measurements to show the sustainability impact of the program. Thus, a measurement is needed to analyze various aspects in achieving the success and sustainability of Islamic social finance programs. This study developed an index for performance evaluation with an emphasis on the success and sustainability of the Islamic Social Finance program. The study used the Analytical Network Process to determine and analyze priority components. Furthermore, the Multistage Weighted Index method was used to calculate the final index score. The index was built by taking into consideration various factors, stakeholders, aspects, and indicators. This study indicates that aspects of funding contribution from donors (0.22), involvement of donors in giving advice (0.99), and controlling of supervisor (0.08) are priority aspects in the success and sustainability of the program. An empirical investigation was performed on three different programs in Indonesia: A, B, and C. Program A (0.81) and C (0.80) have succeeded in improving the beneficiaries' quality of life to the level of economic resilience, although at a low level of sustainability (76-84.33). On the other hand, program B (0.73) is at the economic reinforcement and has not yet achieved sustainability. This index can be seen as a comprehensive tool for measuring the success and sustainability of the program at several levels.

Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia
Fulltext Integrating sustainable Islamic social finance: An Analytical Network Process using the Benefit Opportunity Cost Risk (ANP BOCR) framework: The case of Indonesia

Widiastuti T, Robani A, Sukmaningrum PS, Mawardi I, Ningsih S, Herianingrum S, et al.

PLoS One, 2022;17(5):e0269039.
PMID: 35617300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269039

The utilization of Islamic social finance instruments is far behind what is expected. To realize its full potential, Islamic social finance instruments must be integrated. This study examined solutions and priority strategies for integrating sustainable Islamic social finance that could be implemented in the short and long term using the Benefit, Opportunity, Cost, and Risk (BOCR) framework, which includes six aspects: Governance, sustainable financing, institutional aspect, human resources, regulations, and supporting technology. This qualitative research employed the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method using the benefit, opportunity, cost, and risk analysis. The data were obtained mainly through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with respondents among academics, practitioners, associations, regulators, and community leaders. The respondents were selected for their expertise and experience in the selected topic. The data were processed using the Microsoft Excel and Super Decision software. There are several findings worth considering from the analysis. First, the highest priority in integrating Islamic social finance aspects are human resources (0.97), regulation (0.86), and technology (0.76). Second, based on the short- and long-term analysis, financial integration through sustainable financing (0.01 and 1.44, respectively) and improving human resource quality through certification and training (0.01 and 1.56, respectively) is a priority solution and strategy to integrate sustainable Islamic social finance. Meanwhile, according to expert judgments, integrating national data (0.24) and optimizing technology use (0.18) are priority solutions and strategies. The findings emphasize the critical role of improving human resource quality to utilize technology, with experts identifying a national data integration as the most critical solution. As a result, relevant stakeholders are concerned about technology management training for Islamic philanthropic managers, with the goal of maximizing the potential of technology's growing role and adoption.

Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia
Fulltext Norm-dist Monte-Carlo integrative method for the improvement of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process

Wicaksono FD, Arshad YB, Sihombing H

Heliyon, 2020 Apr;6(4):e03607.
PMID: 32346625 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03607

This paper presents the novel approach of the Norm-dist Monte-Carlo fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (NMCFAHP) to incorporate probabilistic and epistemic uncertainty due to human's judgment vagueness in multi-criteria decision analysis. Normal distribution is applied as the most appropriate distribution model to approximate the probability distribution function of the criteria and alternatives within Monte-Carlo simulation. To test the applicability of the proposed NMCFAHP, the case study of non-destructive test (NDT) technology selection is performed in the Petroleum Company in Borneo, Indonesia. When compared with the conventional triangular fuzzy-AHP, the proposed NMCFAHP method reduces the standard error of mean values by 90.4-99.8% at the final evaluation scores. This means that the proposed NMCFAHP significantly involves fewer errors when dealing with fuzzy uncertainty and stochastic randomness. The proposed NMCFAHP delivers reliable performance to overcome probabilistic uncertainty and epistemic vagueness in the group decision making process.

Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia
Djenkol bean poisoning (djenkolism): proposals for treatment and prevention

West CE, Perrin DD, Shaw DC, Heap GH, Soemanto

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1973 Dec;4(4):564-70.
PMID: 4274568
Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia
Triatomines as experimental vectors of trypanosomes of Asian monkeys

Weinman D, Wallis RC, Cheong WH, Mahadevan S

Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1978 Mar;27(2 Pt 1):232-7.
PMID: 417639

Systematic surveys of the wild macaques of South Asia by blood culture resulted in the discovery that trypanosomiasis is enzootic in the simians of Indonesia, Malaysia, India, and Thailand. The isolates obtained differ in morphology, metabolism, and ability to multiply in arthropods. Following this discovery, interest focused on possible transmissions of these trypanosomiases. Laboratory-reared and wild-caught insects were studied to determine which are satisfactory intermediate hosts and potential natural vectors. Successful results were obtained with insectary-reared reduviids and Indonesian isolates. In Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma rubrofasciata the Indonesian trypanosomes multiply for periods which can exceed 40 days. The flagellate infections are in the digestive tract, whereas trypanosomes have never been seen in the salivary glands or in the hemolymph. The feces of trypanosome-carrying reduviids are infective, suggesting a stercoreal method of infection of mammals, and infection was produced in experiments in which feeding by the insects was not possible. The relevance of these findings to natural transmission in Indonesia is not known. Experiments with insects and all other trypanosomal isolates have been negative. The natural transmission mechanism(s) of the simian trypanosomiases in South Asia remains an unsolved problem.

Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia
Fulltext Gluconobacter dominates the gut microbiome of the Asian palm civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus that produces kopi luwak

Watanabe H, Ng CH, Limviphuvadh V, Suzuki S, Yamada T

PeerJ, 2020;8:e9579.
PMID: 32821539 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9579

Coffee beans derived from feces of the civet cat are used to brew coffee known as kopi luwak (the Indonesian words for coffee and palm civet, respectively), which is one of the most expensive coffees in the world owing to its limited supply and strong market demand. Recent metabolomics studies have revealed that kopi luwak metabolites differ from metabolites found in other coffee beans. To produce kopi luwak, coffee beans are first eaten by civet cats. It has been proposed that fermentation inside the civet cat digestive tract may contribute to the distinctively smooth flavor of kopi luwak, but the biological basis has not been determined. Therefore, we characterized the microbiome of civet cat feces using 16S rRNA gene sequences to determine the bacterial taxa that may influence fermentation processes related to kopi luwak. Moreover, we compared this fecal microbiome with that of 14 other animals, revealing that Gluconobacter is a genus that is, uniquely found in feces of the civet cat. We also found that Gluconobacter species have a large number of cell motility genes, which may encode flagellar proteins allowing colonization of the civet gut. In addition, genes encoding enzymes involved in the metabolism of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur-containing amino acids were over-represented in Gluconobacter. These genes may contribute to the fermentation of coffee beans in the digestive tract of civet cats.

Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia
Fulltext Using Zoo Welfare Assessments to Identify Common Issues in Developing Country Zoos

Ward SJ, Williams E, Groves G, Marsh S, Morgan D

Animals (Basel), 2020 Nov 12;10(11).
PMID: 33198237 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112101

Zoo animal welfare is a high priority for many institutions worldwide, with modern zoos now ensuring that animals are housed and cared for to the highest standards. However, in countries where this knowledge is not as available or understood, standards may be lower. The aim of this research was to investigate if there were common zoo welfare concerns across developing country zoos. Wild Welfare is a charity working globally to improve welfare for zoo animals and has an independent welfare audit that is carried out before any intervention occurs. The Wild Welfare Audit, consisting of 110 questions, covering nine topics, was completed at 11 zoos in seven developing countries (Brazil, Egypt, Libya, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia and Vietnam) following a Likert scale score (1-3). A principal component analysis was also performed to evaluate the audit questions. The results suggest that common areas of concern were animal behaviour, positive animal mental states and human health and safety. These themes were likely due to the lack knowledge and understanding that may be linked to historical and cultural differences. This research has helped to revise the welfare audit as well as inform future intervention strategies for improving developing country zoo animal welfare.

Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia
Fulltext Underweight, overweight, and tobacco use among adolescents aged 12-15 years: Evidence from 23 low-income and middle-income countries

Wang Q

Tob Induc Dis, 2021;19:37.
PMID: 34017231 DOI: 10.18332/tid/133932

INTRODUCTION: Compared with the number of studies in adults, body weight in relation to tobacco use has been understudied in the adolescent population. This study aimed to examine the association between underweight, overweight and tobacco use in low- and middle-income countries.
METHODS: Data were derived from the Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS). Data from 71176 adolescents aged 12-15 years residing in 23 countries were analyzed. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2000 growth charts were used to identify underweight, normal weight, and overweight/ obesity. Weighted age- and gender-adjusted prevalence of weight categories and tobacco use was calculated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the association between weight categories and tobacco use for each country, controlling for covariates. Pooled odds ratios and confidence intervals were computed using random- or fixed-effects meta-analyses.
RESULTS: A significant association between weight categories and tobacco use was evident in only a few countries. Adolescents reporting tobacco use in French Polynesia, Suriname, and Indonesia, had 72% (95% CI: 0.15-0.56), 55% (95% CI: 0.24-0.84), and 24% (95% CI: 0.61-0.94) lower odds of being underweight, respectively. Adolescents reporting tobacco use in Uganda, Algeria, and Namibia, had 2.30 (95% CI: 1.04-5.09), 1.71 (95% CI: 1.25-2.34), and 1.45 (95% CI: 1.00-2.12) times greater odds of being overweight/obese, but those in Indonesia and Malaysia had 33% (95% CI: 0.50-0.91) and 16% (95% CI: 0.73-0.98) lower odds of being overweight/obese.
CONCLUSIONS: The association between tobacco use and BMI categories is likely to be different among adolescents versus adults. Associating tobacco use with being thin may be more myth than fact and should be emphasized in tobacco prevention programs targeting adolescents.

Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia
Valuation of EQ-5D-5L health states: a comparison of seven Asian populations

Wang P, Liu GG, Jo MW, Purba FD, Yang Z, Gandhi M, et al.

Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res, 2019 Aug;19(4):445-451.
PMID: 30523723 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2019.1557048

Objectives: To compare the time trade-off (TTO) utility values of EQ-5D-5L health states elicited from different general populations in Asia. Methods: We analyzed the TTO data from seven Asian EQ-5D-5L valuation studies in which utility values of 86 EQ-5D-5L health states were elicited from general population samples. An eight-parameter multiplicative regression model including five dimension parameters (mobility [MO], self-care, usual activities [UA], pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression) and three level parameters (level 2 [L2], level 3 [L3], and level 4 [L4]) was used to model the data from each of the populations. The model coefficients were compared to understand how the valuations of EQ-5D-5L health states differ. Results: For dimension parameters, Korea and Indonesia generally had the highest and lowest values among the populations, respectively; UA and MO commonly had the highest and lowest values among the parameters, respectively. For level parameters, Singapore and Korea generally had the highest and lowest values, respectively; L2 showed less variance compared to L3 and L4. Koreans, Indonesians, and Singaporeans appeared to have different health preferences compared with other populations. Conclusion: Utility values of EQ-5D-5L health states differ among Asian populations, suggesting that each health system should establish and use its own value set.

Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia
First record of Artoria Thorell, 1877 (Araneae: Lycosidae) from Malaysia, with the description of a new species

Wang LY, Zhang ZS, Peng XJ

Zootaxa, 2019 Aug 19;4657(2):zootaxa.4657.2.12.
PMID: 31716793 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4657.2.12

The wolf spider genus Artoria Thorell, 1877 is a common group in Australasia, currently including 41 species from Australia, three from New Zealand and four from Pacific islands (Framenau Baehr 2018; Word Spider Catalog 2019). This does not, however, comprise the whole distribution of the genus. The type species, A. parvula Thorell, 1877 has been recorded from China, Philippines, Indonesia (Sulawesi) and Australia (Northern Territory). An endemic species, A. ligulacea (Qu, Peng Yin, 2009) was described from Yunnan, China. This indicates that there must be some undescribed species from Southeast Asian countries. A recent collecting expedition to Malaysia confirms this hypothesis. Two species of Artoria were found, the type species, A. parvula from East and West Malaysia and a new species, A. weiwei sp. nov. from East Malaysia. In this study, we illustrate the former and describe for the first time the latter species.

Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia
Fulltext Complete plastome sequence of Vatica mangachapoi (Dipterocarpaceae): a vulnerable (VU) plant species in Southeast Asia

Wang JH, Zhao KK, Zhu ZX, Wang HF

Mitochondrial DNA B Resour, 2018 Oct 03;3(2):1145-1146.
PMID: 33490565 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1522977

Vatica mangachapoi is a tree up to 20 m tall with white resinous. It is distributed in China (Hainan province), Indonesia, Malaysia (N Borneo), Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. It grows in forests on hills and mountain slopes below 700 metres. Its durable wood is used for making boats and building bridges and houses. It has been ranked as a VU (Vulnerable) species in China. Here we report and characterize the complete plastid genome sequence of V. mangachapoi in an effort to provide genomic resources useful for promoting its conservation and phylogenetic research. The complete plastome is 151,538 bp in length and contains the typical structure and gene content of angiosperm plastome, including two Inverted Repeat (IR) regions of 23,921 bp, a Large Single-Copy (LSC) region of 83,587 bp and a Small Single-Copy (SSC) region of 20,109 bp. The plastome contains 114 genes, consisting of 80 unique protein-coding genes, 30 unique tRNA gene, and 4 unique rRNA genes. The overall A/T content in the plastome of V. mangachapoi is 62.80%. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that V. mangachapoi and V. odorata is closely related and as an independent branch in Malvales in our study. The complete plastome sequence of V. mangachapoi will provide a useful resource for the conservation genetics of this species and for the phylogenetic studies for Vatica.

Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia
Occurrence of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) infection on Penaeus vannamei in one rearing cycle

Wan Sajiri WMH, Borkhanuddin MH, Kua BC

Dis Aquat Organ, 2021 Mar 11;144:1-7.
PMID: 33704087 DOI: 10.3354/dao03571

The microsporidian parasite Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is an emerging problem in the marine shrimp industry, primarily in Asian countries such as China, Thailand, India, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Vietnam. A screening was conducted to investigate the prevalence of EHP after a fixed period of culturing for 1 rearing cycle in 3 states of Malaysia. The screening stages covered Penaeus vannamei post larvae (PL) and after 14-30, 31-50, 51-70, and 71-90 d of culture in 1 production cycle. A total of 279 samples were amplified using a PCR assay targeting the gene encoding a spore wall protein (SWP) of EHP. The EHP infection was initially detected in the hatchery and increased to 96.6% after the shrimp were transferred to the pond. The positive EHP sequence showed 91 to 100% similarity to sequences from India, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Latin America. EHP infection increased throughout 1 rearing cycle due to factors such as the cannibalistic feeding habits of shrimp and the presence of unknown vectors or carriers of EHP in the culture ponds. Hence, the finding from the current study will be fundamental for other studies concerning EHP.

Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia
Parasitological and serological investigation into lymphatic filariasis among immigrant at Semenyih Detention Centre, Selangor, West Malaysia

Wan Omar A, Khairul Anuar A, Sulaiman O, Rahmah N, Manaf A, Rahimah A

JUMMEC, 2000;5:41-44.

Parasitological and serological investigations for lymphatic filariasis were performed on 450 immigrants detained at the lmmigration Centre at Semenyih, Selangor, West Malaysia. The country of origin of these immigrants were Indonesia, The Philippines, Myanmar, Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. Brugia malayi adult worm homogenate (BmAH) antigen was used for the detection of antiifilarial IgG. A monoclonal antibody-based ELISA (MAb.XC3-ELISA) specific for filarial circulating antigens and non-phosphorylcholine reactive was used to detect antigenemia in these immigrants. Parasitologically 67 (14.89 %) were positive for W. bancrofti and 54 (12.0%) for Brugia malayi. Serologically 63% had antifilarial IgG titre to the BmAH antigen. While Bancroftian filariasis is now unknown in Peninsular Malaysia, the potential of it to be reintroduced into Peninsular Malaysia by the immigrant population is discussed. KEYWORDS: Lymphatic filariasis, immigratits, antifilarial IgG, antigenemia

Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia
Fulltext Epidemiological screening of lymphatic filariasis among immigrants using dipstick colloidal dye immunoassay

Wan Omar A, Sulaiman O, Yusof S, Ismail G, Fatmah MS, Rahmah N, et al.

Malays J Med Sci, 2001 Jul;8(2):19-24.
PMID: 22893756

We have recently reported that a dipstick colloidal dye immunoassay (DIA) that detect parasite antigens in human serum is sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of active infection of lymphatic filariasis. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies (RbBmCAg) labelled with a commercial dye, palanil navy blue was used to detect filarial antigenemia among Indonesian and Bangladeshi immigrant workers (N= 630) at oil palm estates at Hulu Trengganu District, Peninsular Malaysia. Microfilaremia with Brugia malayi were detected in 51 (8.10 %) individuals, of which 42 (6.67 %) were among the Indonesians and 9 (1.98 %) among the Bangladeshis. Microfilaremia with Wuchereria bancrofti were detected in 33 (5.24 %) individuals of which 15 (2.38 %) were among the Indonesians and 18 (2.86 %) among the Bangladeshis workers. The DIA detected 96 (15.24 %) antigenemic cases which comprise of all the microfilaremic cases and 15 (2.38 %) amicrofilaremic cases. The amicrofilaremic cases with filarial antigenemia consisted of 9 (1. 43 %) Indonesians and 6 (0.95%) Bangladeshis. We have used 6 ul of the RbBmCAg and diluted (1:10) patients' sera per dipstick which make the DIA reagent conservative. The DIA is a rapid test and can be read in approximate 2 hours.. Additionally, coloured dots developed in the DIA can be qualitatively assessed visually for intensity. The DIA does not require sophisticated equipment or radioactivity, and therefore suitable for field application.

Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia
Fulltext Cost of type 2 diabetes mellitus in selected developing countries

Wan Norlida Ibrahim, Syed Aljunid, Aniza Ismail

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2010;10(2):68-71.
MyJurnal

Increasing prevalence of chronic diseases is a major contributor for rapid rise in healthcare cost in developing countries since the last decade. It was estimated that around 54% of deaths in developing countries are due to chronic non-communicable diseases which is predicted to rise by 65% by 2030. Diabetes mellitus is among the most prevalent chronic diseases suffered by more than 180 million people worldwide. By 2030 it is estimated that around 400 million people in the world will be afflicted with diabetes. Annual deaths attributable to diabetes are probably as high as 3 million with more than 80% occur in developing countries. India, China and Indonesia are three countries in the Asian region with most number of people with diabetes. The total number of cases in these three countries is expected to increase more than double from 61 million in 2000 to 163 million in 2030. China and India will suffer cumulative GDP loss of 13.8% and 16.7% respectively, over the next ten year period. Assessing economic burden of diabetes is a challenging task for researchers because identification of direct and indirect cost of the disease is often complex since patients with diabetes also suffers from other complications and co-morbidities. In conclusion, the heavy economic burden of diabetes pose major challenges to health policy makers in developing countries to assess the current approach in managing this chronic disease. Serious efforts should be made on focusing and up-scaling activities on health promotion and prevention of diabetes so that to provide a more cost-effective solution to this condition with huge and increasing economic loss.

Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia
Influence of baby massage on sleep quantity in baby of 3-6 months age in Tirawuta health center, East Kolaka District, Indonesia

Wahyuni S, Lestari SA, Zoahira WOA, Masriwatii S, Hoon LS

Enferm Clin, 2020 06;30 Suppl 5:224-227.
PMID: 32713576 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.11.060

Based on the results of the initial survey it was known that the number of babies who visited Puskesmas Tirawuta in 2017 were 42 in number. Whereas in 2018 March-May there were 25 babies at Puskesmas Tirawuta, East Kolaka District. In addition, the initial interview on March 26, 2018 showed that the author did this at Puskesmas Tirawuta, and it obtained a mother who had a baby and visited for immunizations. About 7 people said the baby had trouble in sleeping and sometimes they were fussy. Besides, some report frequent waking up when sleeping at night, crying when waking up and so on. Among the mothers who brought their babies to Puskesmas, 7 mothers said they knew or had heard about baby massage but is not knowledgeable how to massage properly. About 3 people said that at the same time they did not know how to massage a baby. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of baby massage toward the quantity of sleeping among the babies aged 3-6 month at the Puskesmas Tirawuta in East Kolaka District. The design of this study is quasi-experimental where the design used was "One Group Pretest-Posttest Design". The population in this study was the number of babies aged 3-6 months with decreased sleeping quantity. Nearly 25 babies with a sample of 13 respondents were there. Data was processed using Paired T-Test. The results of the analysis obtained the value of t count=3.742>1.356 where t table for df 12 with the results of statistical tests was significant at a value 0.003<0.20. This showed that there was a significant effect of giving baby massage on the quantity of sleep among babies aged 3-6 months at Puskesmas Tirawuta, East Kolaka District. From the results of the research, suggestions were proposed that health workers need to conduct counseling, demonstration and distribution of leaflets. Hence, mothers were motivated to massage their babies. This could be done through Integrated Healthcare Center activities.

Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia
First record of the family Pseudochiridiidae (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) from continental South America--a Pseudochiridium from a Brazilian cave

Von Schimonsky DM, Bichuette ME, Mahnert V

Zootaxa, 2014;3889(3):442-6.
PMID: 25544278 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3889.3.6

The small pseudoscorpion family Pseudochiridiidae Chamberlin, 1923 comprises two genera and 12 extant species recorded from Asia (Burma, Christmas Island, Indonesia, India, Nepal, Malaysia, New Guinea, Philippines, Nicobars and Sumba), eastern, central and southern Africa (Chad, D.R. Congo, Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania), Madagascar, Seychelles (Aldabra), North America (Florida) and the Caribbean Islands of Dominican Republic and Cuba (Harvey 2013, Barba & Barroso 2013); one unidentified species is mentioned for the fauna of Mexico (Ceballos 2004). A fossil species has been described from Dominican amber by Judson (2007), who predicted the presence of this family in South America.

Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia

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