Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 93 in total

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  1. Cheah PL, Looi LM, Lin HP
    Histopathology, 1992 Oct;21(4):365-9.
    PMID: 1328018
    Eight cases of clear cell sarcoma of kidney were seen in the Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia over the 16-year period from 1973 to 1989. Five of the patients were males. Six patients were Malay, one Chinese and one Indian. The patients' ages ranged from 8 months to 3 years. Clear cell sarcoma was the original diagnosis in two patients while six were diagnosed as blastemal-predominant Wilms' tumours at presentation. Metastases developed in five patients. Metastatic sites included the thoracic vertebra, skull, orbit, humerus, radius, ulna, shoulder, lung and liver. The prolonged survival, of 9 years and 9 months, seen in one patient despite omission of Adriamycin (doxorubicin) from the chemotherapeutic protocol is highlighted. We also emphasise the histological factors which are of help in differentiating clear cell sarcoma from Wilms' tumour.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Neoplasms/pathology*; Kidney Neoplasms/therapy
  2. Ariffin H, Muthukkumaran T, Stanslas J, Sabariah AR, Veerasekaran N, Lin HP
    Leuk Lymphoma, 2005 Aug;46(8):1233-7.
    PMID: 16085568
    We report the clinical features and in vitro chemosensitivity assay findings of a 13-year-old girl who developed secondary B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) 7 years after a diagnosis of Wilms' tumor. The patient was treated using the Berlin - Frankfurt - Muenster (BFM) ALL chemotherapy protocol with poor response to initial therapy before succumbing to sepsis. An in vitro chemosensitivity assay on her peripheral blood lymphoblasts was performed while she was undergoing induction therapy and showed a high level of resistance to drugs commonly used for ALL therapy, e.g. steroids, anthracyclines, vincristine and L-asparaginase. The mechanism of chemoresistance was not elicited, but was probably not related to P-glycoprotein (P-gp) over-expression. We believe that the in vitro chemosensitivity assay is a good indicator of cellular response to chemotherapy and may provide reliable information for the basis of the selection of drugs to be used for the treatment of similarly rare patients rather than relying on "standard" protocols.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Neoplasms/complications*; Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis; Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy
  3. Looi LM, Cheah PL, Lin HP
    Pathology, 1992 Jan;24(1):34-6.
    PMID: 1374551
    Clear cell sarcoma of kidney (CCSK) is a rare but distinct tumor of childhood frequently confused with Wilms' tumor (nephroblastoma). It has a characteristic histology, a marked predilection for metastasis to bone, and an aggressive clinical course with a high relapse rate in spite of surgical excision, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We report the first histologically proven CCSK in a Malaysian patient. This was an 8-mth-old Malay boy who was clinically diagnosed to have stage I Wilms' tumor. Despite treatment, he developed multiple metastases 10 mths after initial presentation and died soon after. Emphasis is placed on recognizing this entity in view of (1) its naturally aggressive behaviour and (2) the prospect of improving prognosis with currently recommended intensified chemotherapeutic regimes. Its immunohistochemical profile of vimentin-positivity and negativity for epithelial membrane antigen, cytokeratin and Factor-8 related antigen is more in favour of a mesenchymal or glomerular origin than a tubular or vascular origin.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis; Kidney Neoplasms/epidemiology*; Kidney Neoplasms/chemistry
  4. Lim CT
    Indian J Pharmacol, 2016 May-Jun;48(3):327-8.
    PMID: 27298508 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.182875
    Oral sodium phosphate (OSP), an effective bowel purgative, is available over the counter (OTC) and requires a substantially lower volume than polyethylene glycol-based preparative agents. Rarely, OSP consumption has been associated with acute hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. We describe a case of chronic kidney disease patient developing symptomatic hypocalcemia following OTC OSP.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Neoplasms/complications*
  5. Tan HCL, Tan JH, Vellusamy VM, Vasavan Y, Lim CS
    Malays J Pathol, 2020 Aug;42(2):267-271.
    PMID: 32860380
    INTRODUCTION: Majority of Wilms tumour (WT) responds well to pre-operative chemotherapy. In Malaysia, incidence of WT is rare with only two cases reported per one million populations yearly. This case report is to highlight on the awareness of WT in an Asian population and highlight two cases and challenges faced after pre-operative chemotherapy.

    CASE REPORT: In this case series, we report on two cases of WT which had poor response to pre-operative chemotherapy. Both cases underwent surgery after pre-operative chemotherapy and recovery was uneventful during a two-year follow-up.

    DISCUSSION: Both patients had chemotherapy prior planned surgery, but had unfortunate poor tumour response. The tumour progressed in size which required a radical nephrectomy. The histology report for the first case had more than 60% blastemal cells remaining despite giving pre-operative chemotherapy with no focal anaplasia. This showed poor response to chemotherapy evidenced by the high number of blastemal cells. The second case was a stromal type WT which is known for poor response and may lead to enhancement of growth and maturation induced by chemotherapy. These were the possible reason of poor response of WT in these two cases.

    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy; Kidney Neoplasms/pathology; Kidney Neoplasms/surgery
  6. Erman M, Biswas B, Danchaivijitr P, Chen L, Wong YF, Hashem T, et al.
    BMC Cancer, 2021 Sep 14;21(1):1021.
    PMID: 34521387 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08738-z
    BACKGROUND: Clinical effectiveness and safety data of pazopanib in patients with advanced or mRCC in real-world setting from Asia Pacific, North Africa, and Middle East countries are lacking.

    METHODS: PARACHUTE is a phase IV, prospective, non-interventional, observational study. Primary endpoint was the proportion of patients remaining progression free at 12 months. Secondary endpoints were ORR, PFS, safety and tolerability, and relative dose intensity (RDI).

    RESULTS: Overall, 190 patients with a median age of 61 years (range: 22.0-96.0) were included. Most patients were Asian (70%), clear-cell type RCC was the most common (81%), with a favourable (9%), intermediate (47%), poor (10%), and unknown (34%) MSKCC risk score. At the end of the observational period, 78 patients completed the observational period and 112 discontinued the study; 60% of patients had the starting dose at 800 mg. Median RDI was 82%, with 52% of patients receiving  10%) TEAEs related to pazopanib included diarrhoea (30%), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (15%), and hypertension (14%).

    CONCLUSIONS: Results of the PARACHUTE study support the use of pazopanib in patients with advanced or mRCC who are naive to VEGF-TKI therapy. The safety profile is consistent with that previously reported by pivotal and real-world evidence studies.

    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy*; Kidney Neoplasms/ethnology; Kidney Neoplasms/mortality; Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
  7. Inn FX, Ahmed N, Hing EY, Jasman MH
    Urol Ann, 2017 5 10;9(2):194-196.
    PMID: 28479777 DOI: 10.4103/0974-7796.204178
    Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) and its side effects are well known. However, these are mainly descriptive, with pictorial data lacking. Here, in we report a case of metastatic renal cell carcinoma, treated with TKI, with classic side effects; supplemented with images that demonstrate the adverse effects of the drug. In addition, we discuss and demonstrate the computed tomography changes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Neoplasms
  8. Nurul Syeha Abdull Rasid, Farah Wahida Abdul Manab, Nor Shahida Abdul Mutalib, Hamidah Mamat, Irfan Mohamad
    MyJurnal
    Renal cancer is a rare occurrence in all adult malignancies, and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type. Due to its aggressive behaviour and high tendency for metastasis, manifestation of RCC varies, often with non-urologic features or symptoms from metastatic sites. Metastatic RCC to the head and neck region is rare particularly to the tongue are extremely rare. We report an elderly lady who presented with recurrent tongue mass metastasis from RCC, a rare cancer with even rarer metastatic site.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Neoplasms
  9. Son HJ, Lee H, Kim JH, Yu IK, Han HY
    Malays J Pathol, 2018 Apr;40(1):73-78.
    PMID: 29704388
    Progressively transformed germinal centers (PTGC) is a benign process characterised by a morphological variant of reactive follicular hyperplasia in lymph nodes. It was recently shown that some cases of PTGC are associated with IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) or increased IgG4 plasma cells. Five years ago, a 57-year-old woman presented with enlargement of multiple lymph nodes in the left parotid, submandibular, and neck areas, pathologically diagnosed as PTGC after excisional biopsy. Since then, she has experienced numbness in her extremities, especially the left shoulder and arm, pruritus on the left side of the face and intermittent facial palsy, for which she has been receiving regular symptomatic treatment. Recently the patient developed diabetes mellitus (approximately seven months ago). In routine follow-up scans, a mass was detected in left kidney and magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen prior to surgery revealed a slightly enhanced bulky mass replacing the pancreatic tail and uncinate process. The mass in left kidney was diagnosed as clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and the pathological features of the pancreatic lesion were those of IgG4-related chronic fibrosing pancreatitis. Retrograde examination of the neck lymph node diagnosed as PTGC showed increased deposition of IgG4-positive plasma cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Neoplasms/complications; Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
  10. Rohilla S, Singh M, Priya S, Almalki WH, Haniffa SM, Subramaniyan V, et al.
    PMID: 36734949 DOI: 10.1615/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.2022042088
    Melatonin is a serotonin-derived pineal gland hormone with many biological functions like regulating the sleep-wake cycle, circadian rhythm, menstrual cycle, aging, immunity, and antioxidants. Melatonin synthesis and release are more pronounced during the night, whereas exposure to light decreases it. Evidence is mounting in favor of the therapeutic effects of melatonin in cancer prevention, treatment and delayed onset in various cancer subtypes. Melatonin exerts its anticancer effect through modification of its receptors such as melatonin 1 (MT1), melatonin 2 (MT2), and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, epigenetic alterations (DNA methylation/demethylation, histone acetylation/deacetylation), metastasis, angiogenesis, altered cellular energetics, and immune evasion. Melatonin performs a significant function in immune modulation and enhances innate and cellular immunity. In addition, melatonin has a remarkable impact on epigenetic modulation of gene expression and alters the transcription of genes. As an adjuvant to cancer therapies, it acts by decreasing the side effects and boosting the therapeutic effects of chemotherapy. Since current treatments produce drug-induced unwanted toxicities and side effects, they require alternate therapies. A recent review article attempts to summarize the mechanistic perspective of melatonin in different cancer subtypes like skin cancer, breast cancer, hepatic cancer, renal cell cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), colon oral, neck, and head cancer. The various studies described in this review will give a firm basis for the future evolution of anticancer drugs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Neoplasms*
  11. Ishak AI, Md Pauzi SH, Masir N, Goh BS
    Malays J Med Sci, 2010 Oct;17(4):71-4.
    PMID: 22135565 MyJurnal
    Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) presenting with multiple deposits in the head and neck region is unusual. It is not uncommon for a RCC to metastasise to a distant site after years of a tumour-free period, but most of it would be expected to have a single site of deposit. We report a rare case of a patient who had a nephrectomy 10 years earlier for RCC and presented with tumours in the frontal sinus and posterior pharyngeal wall. Radiological imaging and histology confirmed metastatic RCC at both sites.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Neoplasms
  12. Ng KL, Yap NY, Rajandram R, Small D, Pailoor J, Ong TA, et al.
    Pathology, 2018 Aug;50(5):511-518.
    PMID: 29935727 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2018.03.003
    Better characterisation and understanding of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development and progression lead to better diagnosis and clinical outcomes. In this study, expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) subunits: p65 (RelA), p105/p50, p100/p52, and cRel in RCC tissue were compared with corresponding normal kidney, along with tumour characteristics and survival outcome. Ninety-six cases of RCC with paired normal kidney were analysed. Clinicopathological data, demographics and survival data were available. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for NF-κB subtypes was analysed using the Aperio digital pathology system for overall cellular expression and localisation. The prognostic cancer-specific survival value of the subunits in RCC patients was analysed. Approximately 50% of patients had clinical stage T1, with 22 patients having metastases at presentation. RCC subtypes were: clear cell (n = 76); papillary (n = 11); chromophobe (n = 5); clear cell tubulopapillary (n = 3); and one multilocular cystic RCC. Median follow up was 54.5 months (0.2-135), with 28 deaths at time of analysis. NF-κB p65 had higher overall and nuclear expressions, with lower overall and nuclear expressions of p50, p52 and cRel in RCC compared with normal kidney. Higher expressions of p65 (nuclear), p52 (overall and nuclear) and p50 (overall) correlated significantly with worse cancer-specific survival. This is the first large series of analysis of expression of NF-κB subunits in RCC. Especially with regards to the less studied subunits (p52, p50, cRel), our results allow a better understanding the role of NF-κB in RCC development and progression, and may pave the way for future targeted NF-κB subunit specific therapies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism*; Kidney Neoplasms/mortality; Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
  13. Rajandram R, Yap NY, Pailoor J, Razack AH, Ng KL, Ong TA, et al.
    Pathology, 2014 Oct;46(6):518-22.
    PMID: 25158810 DOI: 10.1097/PAT.0000000000000145
    Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) generally has a poor prognosis because of late diagnosis and metastasis. We have previously described decreased tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-1 (TRAF-1) in RCC compared with paired normal kidney in a patient cohort in Australia. In the present study, TRAF-1 expression in clear cell RCC (ccRCC) and normal kidney was again compared, but in a cohort from University Malaya Medical Centre. Serum TRAF-1 was also evaluated in RCC and normal samples.Immunohistochemistry with automated batch staining and Aperio ImageScope morphometry was used to compare TRAF-1 in 61 ccRCC with paired normal kidney tissue. Serum from 15 newly diagnosed and untreated ccRCC and 15 healthy people was tested for TRAF-1 using ELISA.In this cohort, TRAF-1 was highly expressed in proximal tubular epithelium of normal kidney, and significantly decreased in ccRCC tissue (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Neoplasms
  14. Ng KL, Del Vecchio SJ, Samaratunga H, Morais C, Rajandram R, Vesey DA, et al.
    Pathology, 2018 Aug;50(5):504-510.
    PMID: 29970253 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2018.01.007
    One of the challenges in differentiating chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) from benign renal oncocytoma (RO) is overlapping morphology between the two subtypes. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of expression of leptin (Ob) and its receptor (ObR) in discriminating chRCC from RO. Sections from paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed tumour nephrectomy specimens of 45 patients, made up of 30 chRCC (15 eosinophilic variant and 15 non-eosinophilic variant) and 15 RO, were used in this study. Samples (30) of clear cell RCC (ccRCC), the most common histological subtype, were used to verify staining patterns found by others in our cohort of Australasian patients. Matched morphologically normal non-cancer kidney tissues were included for each specimen. Sections were batch-immunostained using antibodies against Ob and ObR. Stained sections were digitally scanned using Aperio ImageScope, and the expression pattern of Ob and ObR was studied. In this cohort, male to female ratio was 2:1; median age was 64 (45-88 years); and median tumour size was 3.8 cm (range 1.2-18 cm). There were 47 (62.7%) T1, seven T2, 20 T3 and one T4 stage RCC. Two patients with ccRCC presented with metastases. Nuclear expression of Ob was significantly higher in RO compared with chRCC. The increased nuclear expression of Ob in RO compared with chRCC may be a useful aid in the difficult histological differentiation of RO from chRCC, especially eosinophilic variants of chRCC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis; Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism*; Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
  15. Ellis RJ, Ng KL, Samaratunga H, Del Vecchio SJ, Wood ST, Gobe GC
    J Kidney Cancer VHL, 2016;3(2):14-22.
    PMID: 28326280 DOI: 10.15586/jkcvhl.2016.53
    Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the fifth most common malignancy in kidney transplant recipients, with increased risk arising due to immunosuppression. De novo RCC occurrence in kidney allografts is much less common when compared with the native kidneys. Multifocal RCC in allograft kidneys is rarely described. In this report, we discuss two cases of de novo multifocal renal neoplasms in allograft kidneys. Case 1 had three distinct neoplastic lesions of >5 mm, and case 2 had four. Using the World Health Organization 2016 classification of adult renal tumours, case 1 had one clear-cell (cc) RCC (grade 3) and two papillary adenomas; all confined to the kidney. Case 2 had a nodular lesion classified as ccRCC (grade 4) with focal rhabdoid differentiation and some infiltration of renal sinus fat; a cc tubulopapillary RCC; a multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential; and a mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma; the last three all confined to the kidney. This is the first report of mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma in a kidney allograft. When considering multifocal RCC with discordant histology, it is likely that these represent independent tumourigenic events.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Neoplasms
  16. Rajandram R, Razack AH, Ng KL, Gobe GC
    J Kidney Cancer VHL, 2016;3(1):1-11.
    PMID: 28326275 DOI: 10.15586/jkcvhl.2016.47
    Although primary localised tumours of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can be treated relatively successfully with surgery, metastatic RCC has poor prognosis because of late diagnosis and resistance to therapies. In the present study, we were interested in profiling the protein expression of "inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase" (ICAD), an apoptosis inhibitor, in kidney cancer and its paired normal kidney. Immunohistochemistry with automated batch staining and morphometry using digital pathology were used to compare ICAD in 121 RCC specimens with their paired normal kidney tissue. Tissue microarray of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissue was used. Intensity and localisation of ICAD were compared between normal and cancer samples, and against grading within the cancers. The results demonstrated that, in this cohort, ICAD was highly expressed in the proximal tubular epithelium of normal kidney, and significantly decreased in clear cell RCC tissue (p < 0.05) as well as other subtypes of RCC (p < 0.01) compared with normal kidney. There was a tendency towards nuclear localisation of ICAD in clear cell RCC, but not in other subtypes of RCC. No significant association was found between ICAD intensity and grade of RCC. In summary, down-regulation of ICAD occurs in RCC. ICAD normally inhibits DNA fragmentation and apoptosis; thus, its down-regulation was unexpected in a cancer known for its resistance to apoptosis. However, these RCC samples were from primary, not metastatic, RCC sites, and down-regulated ICAD may be part of a progressive pathway that promotes RCC metastasis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Neoplasms
  17. Koh KB, George J
    Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol., 1996 Aug;30(4):265-8.
    PMID: 8908645
    Angiomyolipomas are rare tumours of the kidney which have a tendency to bleed. We studied the clinical and radiological features of 11 patients from our institution to identify features which may be predictive of a massive haemorrhage. Tumours more than 6 cm in diameter were found to bleed and the demonstration of pseudoaneurysms on contrast CT scanning was associated with massive haemorrhage. We conclude that large angiomyolipomas should be treated to avoid haemorrhage and the detection of pseudoaneurysms should prompt urgent treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Neoplasms/complications
  18. Koh KB, Wightman JA, George J
    Med J Malaysia, 1996 Mar;51(1):148-50.
    PMID: 10967998
    Five cases of renal angiomyolipoma which underwent spontaneous rupture are described. These patients presented as an "acute abdomen" for which the diagnosis was not initially apparent. A high index of suspicion is required to make the diagnosis even with modern imaging techniques. The treatment of these tumours is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis*
  19. Marafi F, Sasikumar A, Aldaas M, Esmail A
    Clin Nucl Med, 2021 Jan;46(1):e65-e67.
    PMID: 33181733 DOI: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000003354
    A 46-year-old man with end-stage renal disease and renal cell carcinoma underwent F-FDG PET/CT for initial staging followed by F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT. Unlike F-FDG, which undergoes renal clearance, F-PSMA-1007 undergoes hepatobiliary clearance and thus generates superior quality images. F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT showed intense tracer-avid left renal mass lesion (FDG nonavid); lytic bone lesions (FDG avid) and single liver lesion (FDG nonavid). This case highlights the superiority of F-PSMA-1007 over F-FDG PET/CT in identifying primary lesion as well as metastatic sites in case of renal cell carcinoma even in the presence of end-stage renal disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Neoplasms/complications; Kidney Neoplasms/pathology*
  20. Dutt AK
    Med J Malaya, 1969 Dec;24(2):161-3.
    PMID: 4244145
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Neoplasms*
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