Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 661 in total

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  1. Avicor SW, Wajidi MFF, Achoribo ES, Ong MT, Hamzah SN
    Trop Biomed, 2021 Jun 01;38(2):186-191.
    PMID: 34172709 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.2.056
    Plants contain bioactive compounds and are constantly explored as safer alternatives to conventional insecticides. Despite numerous studies on many plants, information on the insecticidal potential of underutilised plants like tiger nut, Cyperus esculentus L., are scant, although their pharmacological potentials are well known. Hence, this study investigated the larvicidal potential of crude aqueous extracts of two C. esculentus varieties (black and yellow) on the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti (L.) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). Mosquito larvae were exposed to C. esculentus crude extracts using the larval bioassay technique of the World Health Organization. Differential larvicidal responses were observed in the test mosquitoes and extracts of Black Dried Tiger nuts (BDT) were more larvicidal than Yellow Dried Tiger nuts (YDT). Acute larval toxicity of the extracts was more pronounced on Cx. quinquefasciatus than Ae. aegypti. The results indicate the potential of C. esculentus (particularly BDT) as a source of mosquito bioinsecticide and merits further studies as a safer alternative to conventional insecticide-based vector control.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva
  2. Takaoka H, Srisuka W, Ya'cob Z, Low VL, Saeung A
    Acta Trop, 2021 May;217:105865.
    PMID: 33607063 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105865
    A new black fly species, Simulium (Gomphostilbia) pangsidaense, is described on the basis of adult female, male, pupal exuviae and mature larvae from Pang Sida National Park, Sa Kaew Province, Eastern Thailand. This new species is placed in the Simulium ceylonicum species-group. It is distinguished from three Thai members of the S. ceylonicum species-group by the following characteristics: from S. (G.) curtatum Jitklang et al. and S. (G.) sheilae Takaoka & Davies by the wide pupal terminal hooks (triangular terminal hooks in the latter two species), and from S. (G.) sheilae and S. (G.) trangense Jitklang et al. by the number of male upper-eye facets in 13 vertical columns and 14 or 15 horizontal rows (10 or 11 vertical columns and 12 or 13 horizontal rows in the latter two species). This is the fourth member of the S. ceylonicum species-group recorded from Thailand.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva
  3. Ya'cob Z, Low VL, Tan TK, Noor-Izwan A, Lourdes EY, Ramli R, et al.
    Parasitol Res, 2021 May;120(5):1555-1561.
    PMID: 33655351 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07087-x
    Sexually anomalous individuals, typically intersexes or gynandromorphs, bear a mixture of male and female traits. Twelve sexually anomalous individuals of the black fly Simulium (Gomphostilbia) trangense Jitklang, Kuvangkadilok, Baimai, Takaoka & Adler were discovered among 49 adults reared from pupae. All 12 sexually anomalous adults were parasitized by mermithid nematodes, although five additional parasitized adults had no overt external anomalies. Sequence analysis of the 18S rRNA gene revealed that the mermithids, possibly representing a new species, are related to Mesomermis spp., with genetic distances of 5.09-6.87%. All 12 anomalous individuals had female phenotypical traits on the head, thorax, forelegs, midlegs, and claws, but male features on the left and right hind basitarsi. One individual had mixed male and female genitalia. The findings are in accord with the trend that mermithid infections are associated with sexually anomalous adult black flies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva/growth & development
  4. Wong KC, Sankaran S, Jayapalan JJ, Subramanian P, Abdul-Rahman PS
    Arch Insect Biochem Physiol, 2021 May;107(1):e21785.
    PMID: 33818826 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21785
    Mutant lethal giant larvae (lgl) flies (Drosophila melanogaster) are known to develop epithelial tumors with invasive characteristics. The present study has been conducted to investigate the influence of melatonin (0.025 mM) on behavioral responses of lgl mutant flies as well as on biochemical indices (redox homeostasis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, transaminases, and minerals) in hemolymph, and head and intestinal tissues. Behavioral abnormalities were quantitatively observed in lgl flies but were found normalized among melatonin-treated lgl flies. Significantly decreased levels of lipid peroxidation products and antioxidants involved in redox homeostasis were observed in hemolymph and tissues of lgl flies, but had restored close to normalcy in melatonin-treated flies. Carbohydrates including glucose, trehalose, and glycogen were decreased and increased in the hemolymph and tissues of lgl and melatonin-treated lgl flies, respectively. Key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism showed a significant increment in their levels in lgl mutants but had restored close to wild-type baseline levels in melatonin-treated flies. Variables of lipid metabolism showed significantly inverse levels in hemolymph and tissues of lgl flies, while normalization of most of these variables was observed in melatonin-treated mutants. Lipase, chitinase, transaminases, and alkaline phosphatase showed an increment in their activities and minerals exhibited decrement in lgl flies; reversal of changes was observed under melatonin treatment. The impairment of cognition, disturbance of redox homeostasis and metabolic reprogramming in lgl flies, and restoration of normalcy in all these cellular and behavioral processes indicate that melatonin could act as oncostatic and cytoprotective agents in Drosophila.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva/drug effects; Larva/genetics; Larva/metabolism
  5. Ola-Fadunsin SD, Sharma RSK, Abdullah DA, Gimba FI, Abdullah FFJ, Sani RA
    Ticks Tick Borne Dis, 2021 05;12(3):101653.
    PMID: 33465661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101653
    Babesia bigemina is a tick-borne protozoan that affects cattle in almost all regions of the world. Despite its importance, there is no report of its prevalence in cattle using molecular detection methods in Peninsular Malaysia. This study describes the prevalence, distribution, and risk factors associated with B. bigemina infection using molecular diagnostic methods. Also, the species of ticks infesting cattle and the attitude of cattle farmers towards tick control in Peninsular Malaysia were studied. Blood samples were collected from 1045 cattle from 43 herds throughout the country, and were subjected to molecular studies to detect B. bigemina. Tick samples for entomological studies were also collected and identified. Epidemiological information of each cattle and farm were obtained using a well-structured questionnaire containing open-ended and closed-ended questions. Data were statistically analyzed using Univariate and Multivariate models. The 211-base pair of AMA-1 gene of B. bigemina was amplified and confirmed in 30.5 % (319/1045; 95 % CI = 27.8-33.4) of the sampled population, with the haemoprotozoan detected in all the sampled herds. Breed, age, physiological status, management type, rate of de-ticking, and closeness to human settlement were the risk factors significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the prevalence of B. bigemina in cattle. Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Haemaphysalis bispinosa were the species of ticks collected from cattle, with the former been more prevalent. A large number of cattle farmers (12/43; 28 %) do not control ticks in their herds. The findings of this study will create baseline data on the epidemiology of the haemoprotozoan and control patterns of its tick vectors that will guide the government in enacting policies that will improve food security and the economy of the nation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva/growth & development; Larva/physiology
  6. Issac PK, Lite C, Guru A, Velayutham M, Kuppusamy G, Saraswathi NT, et al.
    Fish Physiol Biochem, 2021 Apr;47(2):293-311.
    PMID: 33394283 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00912-7
    This study reports the antioxidant property and molecular mechanism of a tryptophan-tagged peptide derived from a teleost fish Channa striatus of serine threonine-protein kinase (STPK). The peptide was tagged with tryptophan to enhance the antioxidant property of STPK and named as IW13. The antioxidant activity of IW13 peptide was investigated using in vitro methods such as DPPH, ABTS, superoxide anion radical scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay. Furthermore, to investigate the toxicity and dose response of IW13 peptide on antioxidant defence in vitro, L6 myotubes were induced with generic oxidative stress due to exposure of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). IW13 peptide exposure was found to be non-cytotoxic to L6 cells in the tested concentration (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 μM). Also, the pre-treatment of IW13 peptide decreased the lipid peroxidation level and increased glutathione enzyme activity. IW13 peptide treatment upregulated the antioxidant enzyme genes: GPx (glutathione peroxidase), GST (glutathione S transferase) and GCS (glutamine cysteine synthase), in vitro in L6 myotubes and in vivo in zebrafish larvae against the H2O2-induced oxidative stress. The results demonstrated that IW13 renders protection against the H2O2-induced oxidative stress through a cellular antioxidant defence mechanism by upregulating the gene expression, thus enhancing the antioxidant activity in the cellular or organismal level. The findings exhibited that the tryptophan-tagged IW13 peptide from STPK of C. striatus could be a promising candidate for the treatment of oxidative stress-associated diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva
  7. Shodipo MO, Sikkel PC, Smit NJ, Hadfield KA
    Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl, 2021 Apr;14:355-367.
    PMID: 33898237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.03.004
    Due to their unusual life cycle that includes parasitic larval and free living adult stages, gnathiid isopods are typically overlooked in biodiversity surveys, even those that focus on parasites. While the Philippines sits within the region of highest marine biodiversity in the world, the coral triangle, no gnathiid species have been identified or described from that region. Here we present the first records of two gnathiid species collected from the Visayas, central Philippines: Gnathia malaysiensis Müller, 1993, previously described from Malaysia, and G. camuripenis Tanaka, 2004, previously described from southern Japan. This paper provides detailed morphological redescriptions, drawings and scanning electron microscope images as well as the first molecular characterisation of both species, Furthermore, a summary of the Central-Indo Pacific Gnathia species is provided.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva
  8. Zulazmi NA, Arulsamy A, Ali I, Zainal Abidin SA, Othman I, Shaikh MF
    CNS Neurosci Ther, 2021 04;27(4):381-402.
    PMID: 33539662 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13590
    Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide and has complicated underlying pathophysiology. Numerous TBI animal models have been developed over the past decade to effectively mimic the human TBI pathophysiology. These models are of mostly mammalian origin including rodents and non-human primates. However, the mammalian models demanded higher costs and have lower throughput often limiting the progress in TBI research. Thus, this systematic review aims to discuss the potential benefits of non-mammalian TBI models in terms of their face validity in resembling human TBI. Three databases were searched as follows: PubMed, Scopus, and Embase, for original articles relating to non-mammalian TBI models, published between January 2010 and December 2019. A total of 29 articles were selected based on PRISMA model for critical appraisal. Zebrafish, both larvae and adult, was found to be the most utilized non-mammalian TBI model in the current literature, followed by the fruit fly and roundworm. In conclusion, non-mammalian TBI models have advantages over mammalian models especially for rapid, cost-effective, and reproducible screening of effective treatment strategies and provide an opportunity to expedite the advancement of TBI research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva
  9. Rasli R, Cheong YL, Che Ibrahim MK, Farahininajua Fikri SF, Norzali RN, Nazarudin NA, et al.
    PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2021 Mar;15(3):e0009205.
    PMID: 33755661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009205
    BACKGROUND: In Malaysia, dengue remains a top priority disease and usage of insecticides is the main method for dengue vector control. Limited baseline insecticide resistance data in dengue hotspots has prompted us to conduct this study. The present study reports the use of a map on the insecticide susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus to provide a quick visualization and overview of the distribution of insecticide resistance.

    METHOD AND RESULTS: The insecticide resistance status of Aedes populations collected from 24 dengue hotspot areas from the period of December 2018 until June 2019 was proactively monitored using the World Health Organization standard protocol for adult and larval susceptibility testing was conducted, together with elucidation of the mechanisms involved in observed resistance. For resistance monitoring, susceptibility to three adulticides (permethrin, deltamethrin, and malathion) was tested, as well as susceptibility to the larvicide, temephos. Data showed significant resistance to both deltamethrin and permethrin (pyrethroid insecticides), and to malathion (organophosphate insecticide) in all sampled Aedes aegypti populations, while variable resistance patterns were found in the sampled Aedes albopictus populations. Temephos resistance was observed when larvae were tested using the diagnostic dosage of 0.012mg/L but not at the operational dosage of 1mg/L for both species.

    CONCLUSION: The present study highlights evidence of a potential threat to the effectiveness of insecticides currently used in dengue vector control, and the urgent requirement for insecticide resistance management to be integrated into the National Dengue Control Program.

    Matched MeSH terms: Larva/drug effects
  10. Borkataki S, Katoch R, Goswami P, Bhat A, Chakraborty D
    Trop Biomed, 2021 Mar 01;38(1):86-93.
    PMID: 33797529 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.1.015
    The study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of maggot therapy in healing of cutaneous infected wound in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic Wistar rat. For live maggots, the sterilized eggs of Lucilia sericata were obtained from colonies established in laboratory. Diabetes model was established in 48 male Wister rat by intra-peritoneal injection of STZ at the dose of 60 mg/kg body-weight. Cutaneous wounds exposed with mixed colonies of bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were prepared in all rat. The animals equally divided in 4 groups with 12 rats each being presented as treatment group of control, antibiotic, maggot and maggot with antibiotic in combination. All treatments were done once and hold for 24 hours. Wound kinetics and bacterial bio burden were measured at weekly interval to till complete healing. Significant reduction in wound area with maximum contraction was found (>95%) in maggot treated group when compared to antibiotic treated (79%) and control (72%). In maggot as well as maggot and antibiotic in combination group showed early elimination of bacterial bio-burden 7.88±0.03log CFU/ml to 1.12±0.65log CFU/ml and 7.86±0.04) log CFU/ml to 1.54±0.52log CFU/ml respectively in three weeks of time. Early healing indication was also experienced on histomorphological examination of wounded tissue of maggot treated groups by early and better epithelialization, collagenation and neovascularization with complete healing of wound in three weeks in comparison to antibiotic and control respectively. However, the present study did not show any difference in healing of wound with use of maggot alone or in antibiotic combination. Live maggot of Lucilia sericata effectively lower bacterial bioburden and and accelerate healing of infected cutaneous wound in diabetic conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva*
  11. Ng YS, Gan YK, Tupang L
    Turk J Ophthalmol, 2021 Feb 25;51(1):62-65.
    PMID: 33631919 DOI: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2020.00225
    An 88-year-old woman was brought to the hospital immediately after her neighbours noticed that she was bleeding from her right eye. On examination, her right eye was phthisic with maggot infestation of her right orbit. Over a hundred live maggots were extracted using forceps. Computed tomography scan revealed the infestation was confined to the right orbit. The patient underwent exenteration of the right orbit under general anaesthesia. The species was identified by an entomologist as Chrysomya bezziana, which has aggressive larvae that eat living tissue. This case report demonstrates that orbital myiasis caused by C. bezziana poses a very real risk of intracranial invasion as they feed on living tissues. Adjacent tissue destruction can be very rapid and definitive treatment involves urgent removal of its larvae via surgical debridement. To our knowledge, we are reporting the first case of orbital myiasis from a patient in Malaysia. Therefore, our case report may be helpful in the management of similar case of orbital myiasis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva
  12. Nada B, Ballantyne LA, Jusoh WFA
    Zootaxa, 2021 Feb 02;4920(4):zootaxa.4920.4.4.
    PMID: 33756646 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4920.4.4
    Pygoluciola dunguna Nada, 2018 was described from Peninsular Malaysia, using males and reliably associated females. This paper details description of the larva which has been conclusively identified as Pygoluciola dunguna based on DNA barcoding technique and uses morphology, brief habitat and behavioural data. A total of 70 larval specimens were measured and their main features described. The larvae exhibit a riparian or semi-aquatic behaviour, observed crawling on the sandy edge of shallow streams. The stake-like projections along the length of the body suggest a form of defensive mechanism from falling prey to aquatic predators.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva
  13. Ahammad AKS, Asaduzzaman M, Uddin Ahmed MB, Akter S, Islam MS, Haque MM, et al.
    J Therm Biol, 2021 Feb;96:102830.
    PMID: 33627269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102830
    Although indigenous climbing perch (Anabas testudineusis) is a highly valuable species, slow growth pattern during the culture period impeding its commercial success in aquaculture. In many fish species, it has been demonstrated that incubation temperature of eggs influenced the muscle development and growth rates, which persisted throughout the subsequent larval and juvenile phases. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether different incubation temperature of eggs prior to hatching can stimulate the muscle development, growth, and growth-related gene expression of the slow-growing indigenous species of climbing perch. The fertilized eggs of A. testudineus from an artificial breeding program were incubated under control temperature of 24 °C (IT24), 26 °C (IT26), 28 °C (IT28), and 30 °C (IT30) in 10L glass aquaria with four replicated units for each temperature treatment. After hatching, the larvae from each incubated temperature were separately reared at ambient temperature for 10 days in aquarium, 20 days in hapas, and the next 42 days in cages, totaling 72 days post-hatching (dph). The hatching rates were found significantly (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva
  14. Nor Muhammad NA, Ramlee IA, Mohd Nor D, Satyavenathan MV, Rahmat NL, Awang A, et al.
    Data Brief, 2021 Feb;34:106638.
    PMID: 33365368 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106638
    Cocoa bean (Theobroma cacao L.) is part of the global cocoa and chocolate industry valued at 44 billion US dollars in 2019. Cocoa pod borer (CPB), Conopomorpha cramerella is a major pest of cocoa in Malaysia and Indonesia that is responsible for the decline for cocoa production. They have been detected since 1980s. Unfortunately, current control strategies are inefficient for CPB management. Although biotechnological alternatives, including RNA interference (RNAi), have been proposed in recent years to control insect pests, characterizing the genetics of the target pest is essential for successful application of these emerging technologies. We generated a comprehensive RNA-seq dataset (135,915,430 clean reads) for larva and adult stages of CPB by using the Illumina HiseqTM 4000 system to increase the understanding of CPB in relation to molecular features. The CPB transcriptome was assembled de novo and annotated. The final assembled produced 249,280 unigenes, of which 75,929 unigenes annotated against NCBI NR database and were distributed among 156 KEGG pathways. The raw data were uploaded to SRA database and the BioProject ID is PRJNA553611. The transcriptomic dataset we present are the first reports of transcriptome information in CPB that is valuable for further exploration and understanding of CPB molecular pathways.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva
  15. Yusoff N, Abd Ghani I, Othman NW, Aizat WM, Hassan M
    Insects, 2021 Jan 27;12(2).
    PMID: 33513706 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020109
    The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is the most important pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the properties of selected farnesyl derivative compounds against P. xylostella. The toxicity and sublethal concentration (LC50) of farnesyl acetate, farnesyl acetone, farnesyl bromide, farnesyl chloride, and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone were investigated for 96 h. The leaf-dip bioassays showed that farnesyl acetate had a high level of toxicity against P. xylostella compared to other tested farnesyl derivatives. The LC50 value was 56.41 mg/L on the second-instar larvae of P. xylostella. Then, the sublethal effects of farnesyl acetate on biological parameters of P. xylostella were assessed. Compared to the control group, the sublethal concentration of farnesyl acetate decreased pupation and emergence rates, pupal weight, fecundity, egg hatching rate, female ratio, and oviposition period. Furthermore, the developmental time of P. xylostella was extended after being exposed to farnesyl acetate. Moreover, the application of farnesyl acetate on P. xylostella induced morphogenetic abnormalities in larval-pupal intermediates, adults that emerged with twisted wings, or complete adults that could not emerge from the cocoon. These results suggested that farnesyl acetate was highly effective against P. xylostella. The sublethal concentration of farnesyl acetate could reduce the population of P. xylostella by increasing abnormal pupal and adults, and by delaying its development period.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva
  16. Wan-Norafikah O, Chen CD, Sofian-Azirun M
    Saudi J Biol Sci, 2021 Jan;28(1):1010-1016.
    PMID: 33424394 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.040
    Aedes albopictus larvae obtained from different types of agricultural and non-agricultural localities in Peninsular Malaysia were subjected to several larvicides at World Health Organization (WHO) recommended dosages. Upon 24 h of WHO larval bioassay using two organochlorines and six organophosphates, high resistance against dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), temephos, chlorpyrifos and bromophos were demonstrated among all larval populations. Aedes albopictus larvae from both paddy growing areas (92.33% mortality) and rubber estates (97.00% mortality) were moderately resistant to dieldrin while only Ae. albopictus larvae from dengue prone residential areas (89.00% mortality) showed high resistance against dieldrin. All Ae. albopictus larval populations also developed either incipient or high resistance to both malathion (33.67%-95.33% mortality) and fenitrothion (73.00%-92.67% mortality). Only Ae. albopictus larvae from fogging-free residential areas that were tolerant to fenthion (97.33% mortality), whereas Ae. albopictus larvae from dengue prone residential areas were highly resistant to the same organophosphate (88.33% mortality). Cross resistance between intraclass and interclass larvicides of organochlorines and organophosphates were also exhibited in this study. The present study provided baseline data on various susceptibility levels of Ae. albopictus larval populations from different types of agricultural and non-agricultural localities against organochlorines and organophosphates at WHO recommended dosages. Nevertheless, further susceptibility investigations are suggested using revised doses of larvicides established from the local reference strain of Ae. albopictus to prevent the underestimation or overestimation of insecticide resistance level among Ae. albopictus field strains of larvae.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva
  17. Guru A, Lite C, Freddy AJ, Issac PK, Pasupuleti M, Saraswathi NT, et al.
    Dev Comp Immunol, 2021 Jan;114:103863.
    PMID: 32918928 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103863
    Antioxidant peptides are naturally present in food, especially in fishes, and are considered to contain rich source of various bioactive compounds that are structurally heterogeneous. This study aims to identify and characterize the antioxidant property of the WL15 peptide, derived from Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2 (CSRP2) identified from the transcriptome of a freshwater food fish, Channa striatus. C. striatus is already studied to contain high levels of amino acids and fatty acids, besides traditionally known for its pharmacological benefits in the Southeast Asian region. In our study, in vitro analysis of WL15 peptide exhibited strong free radical scavenging activity in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging assay. Further, to evaluate the cytotoxicity and dose-response, the Human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells were used. Results showed that the treatment of HDF cells with varying concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 μM) of WL15 peptide was not cytotoxic. However, the treatment concentrations showed enhanced antioxidant properties by significantly inhibiting the levels of free radicals. For in vivo assessment, we have used zebrafish larvae for evaluating the developmental toxicity and for determining the antioxidant property of the WL15 peptide. Zebrafish embryos were treated with the WL15 peptide from 4 h of post-fertilization (hpf) to 96 hpf covering the embryo-larval developmental period. At the end of the exposure period, the larvae were exposed to H2O2 (1 mM) for inducing generic oxidative stress. The exposure of WL15 peptide during the embryo-larval period showed no developmental toxicity even in higher concentrations of the peptide. Besides, the WL15 peptide considerably decreased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels induced by H2O2 exposure. WL15 peptide also inhibited the H2O2-induced caspase 3-dependent apoptotic response in zebrafish larvae was observed using the whole-mount immunofluorescence staining. Overall results from our study showed that the pre-treatment of WL15 (50 μM) in the H2O2-exposed zebrafish larvae, attenuated the expression of activated caspase 3 expressions, reduced Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and enhanced antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The gene expression of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxide (GPx) and γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (GCS) was found to be upregulated. In conclusion, it can be conceived that pre-treatment with WL15 could mitigate H2O2-induced oxidative injury by elevating the activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes, thereby decreasing MDA levels and cellular apoptosis by enhancing the antioxidant response, demonstrated by the in vitro and in vivo experiments.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva
  18. Krzywanski J, Kuchar E, Mierzynski R
    IDCases, 2021;24:e01084.
    PMID: 33889485 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01084
    Athletes playing beach volleyball come into contact with sand and may contract skin parasites. We present a case of cutaneous larva migrans in a 20-year-old Polish female beach volleyball player. The athlete participated in The World Tour in Asia (China, Malaysia, Cambodia) a month before. In the beginning, her skin lesions were misdiagnosed as allergic reactions and treated with antihistamines. The disease in the form of a pruritic, migratory serpiginous skin eruption on legs was diagnosed during routine medical examination at the National Centre for Sports Medicine in Warsaw. She was treated successfully with albendazole and cetirizine. The skin lesions resolved entirely within two weeks.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva Migrans
  19. Azmi SS, Ibrahim YS, Angsupanich S, Sumpuntarat P, Sato M
    Zookeys, 2021;1011:1-24.
    PMID: 33551646 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1011.59780
    The reproductive and developmental characteristics of the nereidid polychaete, Neanthes glandicincta Southern, 1921, commonly recorded in tropical estuaries in the Indo-West Pacific, were examined from Malaysia (the mangrove area of Kuala Ibai, Terengganu) and Thailand (the Lower Songkhla Lagoon) on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula. Epitokous metamorphosis of fully mature males and females and their reproductive swimming behaviour were recorded based on ten Malaysian epitokous specimens, which were collected at night during spring tides in a period of January 2018 to March 2019. Six Thailand epitokes were obtained in February and March 2006 by the laboratory rearing of immature worms. Epitokous metamorphosis is characterised by the enlargement of eyes in both sexes, division of the body into three parts and modification of parapodia with additional lobes in the mid-body of males, and replacement of atokous chaetae in the mid-body by epitokous natatory chaetae, completely in males and incompletely in females. The diameter of coelomic unfertilised eggs in females was 100-140 µm. After fertilisation, each egg formed a jelly layer, inside which embryonic development progressed. Trochophores hatched out of the jelly layer, entering a short free-swimming larval phase followed by demersal life at the early stage of 3-chaetiger nectochaeta one day after fertilisation. Then, the larvae entered benthic life as juveniles, crawling on the bottom, at the late stage of 3-chaetiger nectochaeta two days after fertilisation. The results indicate that N. glandicincta has an annual life cycle, which is usually completed within an estuary with limited larval dispersal ability.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva
  20. NIZALMIE AZANI, NADIAH W RASDI, NADIAH W RASDI
    MyJurnal
    Cyclopoid copepod has a potential as live feed that can provide ornamental fish larvae with energy and essential nutrients, and promote their growth and survival, as well as affect their colouration. However, the nutrition, growth and nutritional requirements of this species are poorly understood. This research focuses on comparing the efficacy of enrichment types on copepods towards the growth rate, survival rate and colouration of Pterophyllum scalare larvae. The enrichment of copepods consists of four enrichment procedures (rice bran, palm kernel cake (PKC),Chlorella and yeast). This study was carried out over 50 days and the growth rate, survival rate and colouration (growth rate, survival rate, SGR and colouration) were used to evaluate the responses of P. scalare larvae towards different enrichment methods. Specific growth rates (8.0161 ± 1.4928 %; P = 0.775) and survival rates (66.667 ± 5.337%; P = 0.815) of fish larvae were found to not be significantly different (P = 0.775, P = 0.815; P >0.05). However, the colouration of the fish larvae was affected by the types of enrichment used (P
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva
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