Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 213 in total

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  1. Naemah Tajol Arus, Suhaily Amran, Norhafsam Maghpor, Ahmad Sayuti Zainal Abidin, Nurzuhairah Jamil, Rochi Bakel, et al.
    MyJurnal
    In the recent years, an extensive number of scientific researches on occupational diseases have been done to
    identify occupations at high risk of inducing diseases. There are many categories of occupational diseases, and unitary
    of them are occupational respiratory diseases. This study was conducted in a tea factory located in Cameron Highlands,
    Malaysia, with an output of 600,000.00 kg per annum. Its objective was to evaluate respiratory diseases among the
    workers, conducted via questionnaires, interviews and lung functional tests. A total of 38 workers participated in this
    study, 19 in the exposed group and 19 in the control group. The most common chronic symptoms for the exposed
    group are wheezing, dyspnea (short of breath) and phlegm. The result shows that, among the tea processing workers,
    the exposed group suffer from respiratory diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Occupations
  2. Noormaliza, H., Najibah, A.R., Fauzana, M., Azizah, A., Nukhdiha, O.
    MyJurnal
    Stress reduces the performance and productivity of employees.
    One of the most important stressors originate from organizational factors,
    which are decision latitude, psychological demand, social support and job
    insecurity. This creates four kinds of jobs: passive, active, low strain and high
    strain. The objective of the study is to determine the association between
    organizational factors with occupational stress and cortisol level among
    lecturers in University Selangor. This cross-sectional study used a purposive
    sampling, which involved 45 lecturers from various faculties. The instrument
    used in this study was Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) which is a
    Psychosocial Job Assessment Instrument designed by Karasek et al., (1998).
    The questionnaire has been translated to Malay version by Edimansyah et al.,
    (2006). 10ml of blood sample was collected from each respondent by certified
    phlebotomist. Results from the statistical analysis showed that majority of the
    respondents were female (75.6%), aged below forty years old (82.2%), married
    (77.8%) and hold a master degree (68.9%). Most of the respondents were
    found having low decision latitude 35(77.5%). Majority of the respondents
    were also found in passive group 13(28.9%) which were having low
    psychological job demand and low decision latitude, while others are in low
    strain 11(24.4%), high strain 11(24.4%) and active group 10(22.2%)
    respectively. There was a significant association between two organizational
    factors with occupational stress level, which are decision latitude and
    psychological job demand (p0.05). As a
    conclusion, two out of four organizational factors, which are decision latitude
    and psychological job demand showed a significant association with
    occupational stress levels. Cortisol as one of stress biomarkers may not be
    significant due to small sample size.
    Matched MeSH terms: Occupations
  3. Julianah Saguni, Puteri Hayati Megat Ahmad, Guan, Teik Ee
    MyJurnal
    Unemployment issue is becoming a factor which causes relapses especially among former drug addicts
    that has undergone rehabilitation. Therefore, this paperwork seek to unfold and discuss degree of
    relationships between introvert and extrovert personality with career interest according to six RIASEC
    major field to drug addicts. Research objective are to identify the relationship between introvert and
    extrovert personality with career interest among drug addicts in Sabah. Most of the respondent in
    treatment center has no knowledge about their own personality in career development especially after
    finishing treatment thus causing relapse due to failure of getting the right employment for themselves.
    It is considered serious due to economic and life instability are one of the factor which contribute to
    relapse among drug addicts. Occupation or career selection are constantly highlighted as one of the
    major problem in former drug addict life. This shows that a careful career selection needs to be done. Career process are also continuous process of involvement to help self-development especially in line
    of job they do. Therefore, it is hopeful that this research could give valuable impact and use to drug
    addicts rehabilitation authority with implementation of career guidance to clients hence assisting them
    in making effective career choice in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Occupations
  4. Abdul Wafi Abdul Rahman, Yusmady Md Junus, Melor Md Yunus
    MyJurnal
    The Open Market scenario provides high levels of unreliability to culinary arts graduates where they
    are no longer promised a place in the hospitality and tourism sectors but rather to compete with
    graduates from other fields for employment. Hence, the field of entrepreneurship is seen as an
    alternative in building a career that can help in reducing the dumping of graduates in the job market in
    line with the government's call encouraging more entrepreneurs in Malaysia. Therefore, this study is
    aimed at identifying the tendency to entrepreneurship among students of the final year semester of the Diploma in Culinary Arts, Hospitality School and Tourism Kolej Yayasan Pelajaran Johor
    (SHPKYPJ). Measurements for this study were based on surveys using questionnaire and data
    collected by Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) Version 21.0. The results of the study
    found that overall respondents have a high inclination towards entrepreneurship. If they are more
    focused, encouragement and exposure are given to them, the probability that they become
    entrepreneurs after graduation will be higher.
    Matched MeSH terms: Occupations
  5. Vijayasingham L, Jogulu U, Allotey P
    Soc Sci Med, 2020 01;245:112699.
    PMID: 31785425 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112699
    Reports of work change and transitions are common amongst individuals with chronic illnesses such as multiple sclerosis (MS). However, there is little research on the lived experience of these work transitions. The scarcity of this research is particularly evident within low-and-middle-income countries, where protection laws and resources such as anti-discrimination laws and reasonable work modifications may not exist or be well enforced. In this paper, we explore how and why individuals with MS seek and achieve work transitions in the structural context of Malaysia. We interviewed ten working individuals with MS (July-december 2015) using a joint hermeneutic phenomenology and constructivist grounded theory approach. Using a broad conceptual lens of 'sustainable careers', we examine their careers as a series of experiences, decisions, and events, paying attention to the influences of context, time, their personal levels of agency and sense of meaning. Participants described work transitions as early as within the first year of diagnosis, that were prompted by voluntary, involuntary and semi-voluntary reasons. Key aspects of the process of seeking new roles included an exploration of alternative roles and paths, and then acquiring, trialing/adapting and remaining engaged in their new roles. Participants identified the perception and experience of 'being unemployable', based on how their diagnosis and short-term symptoms were responded to by employers. Nevertheless, participants used various strategies and career resources to obtain and maintain meaningful work roles. However, success in obtaining or maintaining new roles were not equally achieved. This research draws attention to the cumulative economic disadvantage of a chronic illness diagnosis, even at milder and episodic stages. Furthermore, it reiterates the need for cohesive structural protection in low-and-middle-income countries to facilitate a more equal ability to remain economically resilient and capable of engaging in meaningful long-term careers when living with a chronic illness.
    Matched MeSH terms: Occupations
  6. Ramachandra SS, Western J S, Muttalib KA
    J Oral Biol Craniofac Res, 2020 02 03;10(2):54-58.
    PMID: 32095425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.01.009
    Introduction: Integrated curricula are being increasingly adopted in health professions, owing to their advantages including patient-centred training and development of critical thinking. Similarly, the majority of dental Universities have either moved away from discipline-specific towards integrated curricula or have incorporated elements of integration. Despite several advantages offered by the integrated curriculum, one disadvantage is failure to assess depth of knowledge. Assessing the depth of knowledge is a characteristic of discipline-specific curriculum. This commentary describes the inclusion of both discipline-based and integrated assessments at Faculty of Dentistry, SEGi University, Malaysia.

    Material and methods: Module tests (discipline-based assessments) comprising of discipline specific questions are conducted at the end of every term, mimicking the traditional discipline-specific assessment. Questions in the module tests are intended to assess the depth of knowledge of students. Mid semester examinations are conducted at the end of the semester, mimicking the integrated assessment. Integrated questions are intended to test the breadth of knowledge of students.

    Results: Lecturers and students felt introduction of module tests, helped them to prepare for topics in a phased manner and better answer questions posed by lecturers during case discussions and clinical presentations. The 'borderline distinction' students felt that studying for module tests provided them with the depth of knowledge essential to answer questions during viva voce.

    Discussion: Including both the traditional and integrated methods of assessments would engage students in a learning experience developing their breadth and depth of knowledge. Further prospective research is essential to assess the impact of this assessment strategy.

    Matched MeSH terms: Health Occupations
  7. Murphy S, Arora D, Kruijssen F, McDougall C, Kantor P
    PLoS One, 2020;15(3):e0229286.
    PMID: 32231375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229286
    Over the last decade, Egypt's aquaculture sector has expanded rapidly, which has contributed substantially to per capita fish supply, and the growth of domestic fish markets and employment across the aquaculture value chain. Despite the growing importance of aquaculture sector in Egyptian labour force, only a few studies have explored the livelihoods of Egypt's women and men fish retailers. Even fewer studies have examined gender-based market constraints experienced by these informal fish retailers. This study uses sex-disaggregated data collected in 2013 in three governorates of Lower Egypt to examine the economic and social constraints to scale of enterprises between women (n = 162) and men informal fish retailers (n = 183). Specifically, we employ linear regression method to determine the correlates of enterprise performance. We found that both women and men retailers in the informal fish market earn low profits and face livelihood insecurities. However, women's enterprise performance is significantly lower than that of men even after controlling for individual socio-economic and retailing characteristics. Specifically, the burden of unpaid household work and lack of support therein impedes women's ability to generate higher revenues. These findings strengthen the argument for investing in understanding how gender norms and attitudes affect livelihood options and outcomes. This leads to recommendations on gender-responsive interventions that engage with both men and women and enhance the bargaining power and collective voice of fish retailers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Occupations
  8. Raza A, Jauhar J, Abdul Rahim NF, Memon U, Matloob S
    PLoS One, 2023;18(10):e0288527.
    PMID: 37796908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288527
    In Pakistan, women outnumber men in medical colleges with 80 percent enrollment, yet many fail to practice medicine following graduation. Pakistan Medical Council (PMC) states 50 percent of graduated women doctors either did not practice or left employment in a short period. Thus, the non-servicing women doctors are assumed as the one of the major causes for the overall doctors' shortage in the country. Addressing this enduring matter, this study aims to explore and understand the factors that discourage women doctors from practicing medicine in Pakistani hospitals. The study employed qualitative exploratory inquiry with an interpretive paradigm to attain a deeper understanding of the problem. 59-semi structured interviews were conducted by non-working women doctors across the entirety of Pakistan. The narratives were then analyzed by thematic analysis using ATLAS.ti 22. The findings have resulted in the three major themes, i.e., workplace challenges, socio-cultural obstructions, and familial restrictions that possibly obstruct women from practicing medicine in hospitals. The findings suggested that accepting traditional cultural values, including entrenched gender roles in society, deters women from practicing medicine. The prevailing patriarchal societal system includes stereotypes against working women; early marriages hinder women from practicing medicine. The prevailing societal system upholds the influence of in-laws and a husband for women doctor professional employment. As a result, severe work-life conflict was reported where most women doctors ended up in their profession in the middle of struggling between socially rooted gender roles as homemakers and their professional careers-furthermore, the study found various workplace issues that posit an additional burden on already struggling women doctors. Issues include poor recruitment and selection process, transfer constraints, excessive workload with inadequate salary, harassment, gender discrimination, unsafe work environment, and little support from the administration highly contribute to the shortage of women doctors in Pakistan.
    Matched MeSH terms: Occupations
  9. Rakhshani T, Motlagh Z, Beigi V, Rahimkhanli M, Rashki M
    Malays J Med Sci, 2018 Nov;25(6):100-109.
    PMID: 30914883 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2018.25.6.10
    Background: Nursing is a stressful occupation, and nurses face multiple stressors daily. Emotional intelligence causes an individual to overcome environmental stresses. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and job stress among nurses in Shiraz.

    Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 500 nurses, selected through multistage cluster sampling, from the hospitals in Shiraz in 2017. The data collection tools were the Siberia Schering's Emotional Intelligence Standard Questionnaire and the Hospital Job Stress Standard Questionnaire, completed through the self-report method. The data were analysed using SPSS 22 software.

    Results: The mean scores of emotional intelligence and job stress were 113.59 ± 14.70 (total score = 165) and 97.10 ± 14.27 (total score = 175), respectively. The correlation test showed that there was an inverse relationship between emotional intelligence and job stress (r = -0.474, P < 0.001). Also, the multiple linear regression analysis showed that self-awareness, social consciousness, and income predicted 25% of the job stress in the subjects under study (r2 = 0.25).

    Conclusion: Regarding the relatively strong and inverse relationship between the nurses' emotional intelligence and job stress, it is suggested that emotional intelligence workshops be included in the in-service training programs of the nurses.

    Matched MeSH terms: Occupations
  10. Bulgiba AM, Dahlui M
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2010 Jul;22(3 Suppl):14S-18S.
    PMID: 20566528 DOI: 10.1177/1010539510372831
    Matched MeSH terms: Schools, Health Occupations/organization & administration*
  11. Rahimah AK
    Singapore Dent J, 1994 Jan;19(1):4-7.
    PMID: 9582675
    To obtain the profile of periodontal conditions in West Malaysian adults, five small scale surveys were carried out on selected occupational adult groups, 20-54 years old, between 1987 to 1990. Periodontal assessment was made using the CPITN index. In all, 779 subjects were examined. Results indicated that only 16% of the adults examined had healthy gingivae. Bleeding of the gingivae was limited to the younger (20-24 years) age group. Calculus is highly prevalent in at least 65.5% of all the subjects examined. Periodontal pockets were limited to mostly shallow pockets and the risk of developing pockets increased with increasing age. Both navy personnel and factory workers showed a higher number of healthy sextants across all ages as compared to the other three occupational groups; viz., rubber tappers, villagers and government workers. The rubber tappers were the only group with deep pockets, with the prevalence ranging between 8 to 25%. Implications of the findings to the Malaysian dental delivery system are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Occupations/statistics & numerical data
  12. Anderson KH, Hill MA, Butler JS
    J Dev Econ, 1987 Aug;26(2):223-34.
    PMID: 12280709
    "This paper estimates a proportional hazards model for the timing of age at marriage of women in Malaysia. We hypothesize that age at marriage responds significantly to differences in male and female occupations, race, and age. We find considerable empirical support for the relevance of economic variables in determining age at marriage as well as evidence of strong differences in marriage patterns across races."
    Matched MeSH terms: Occupations*
  13. Phoon WO, Ong CN, Foo SC, Plueksawan W
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1984 Apr;13(2 Suppl):408-16.
    PMID: 6497345
    This study was conducted on 506 firemen in Singapore. Interviews, pulmonary function tests and audiometry were conducted. With regard to pulmonary function, the results showed that forced vital capacity (FVC) increased up to the age of 25-30 years for both Chinese and Malays. Both FVC and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1.0) increased with standing height over the whole age range studied. The mean values of FVC and FEV1.0 were higher in Chinese. It was also found that the FEV1 of the subjects in the study showed a greater decline in rate with age than other workers studied by the authors previously. The hearing threshold of 83 fire fighters showed a prominent upward shift of 6-8 KHz at ages 20-30. This upward shift was more pronounced in the right ear. The implications of the findings are discussed and a comparison with results of other similar studies in other countries is made.
    Matched MeSH terms: Occupations*
  14. Nurumal MS, Salahuddin MA, Daud A, Shahadan SZ, Abdul-Mumin K, Shorey S
    Enferm Clin, 2019 09;29 Suppl 2:471-475.
    PMID: 31350157 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.04.070
    OBJECTIVE: The learning styles of millennial students, also known as Generation 'Y', have been examined in the past to match the teaching style of an educator with the aim of improving behaviors, attitudes, and academic achievements. However, focus on Generation 'Y' healthcare undergraduates from a multi-cultural Asian society, is scarce and fragmented. Therefore, this research aims to identify the learning style preferences of Generation 'Y' undergraduates enrolled in varied healthcare programs at a Malaysian University.

    METHOD: A quantitative cross-sectional study design was adopted. Honey and Mumford's Learning Style Questionnaire was used to explore the learning styles.

    RESULTS: The reflector learning style was most preferred by the Malaysian healthcare undergraduates, and no significant difference was found between the learning styles of the clinical group and the semi-clinical group.

    CONCLUSIONS: Educators should engage Malaysian healthcare undergraduates in a non-threatening environment - Association between learning style and sociodemographic warrants further investigation.

    Matched MeSH terms: Students, Health Occupations/psychology*
  15. Akter R, Yagi N, Sugino H, Thilsted SH, Ghosh S, Gurung S, et al.
    Nutrients, 2020 Sep 04;12(9).
    PMID: 32899764 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092705
    The consumption of high-quality diverse diets is crucial for optimal growth, health, and wellbeing.

    OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the diet quality of households by their type of engagement in homestead aquaculture and/or horticulture. Socio-demographic determinants of diet quality were also studied.

    METHOD: Diet quality was assessed using a nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), based on the preceding 7 days' dietary recall at the household level. Adult male equivalent units (AMEs) were used for age- and sex-specific intra-household distribution of household intakes. Mean adequacy ratios (MAR) were computed as an overall measure of diet quality, using NAR.

    RESULTS: Better diet quality (mean ± SD) was associated with households engaged in both homestead aquaculture and horticulture (0.43 ± 0.23; p < 0.001) compared to only one type of agriculture (0.38 ± 0.20) or none (0.36 ± 0.20). Tukey's post-hoc test confirmed significant differences in diet quality between both and either engagement (0.05 ± 0.01, p < 0.001), both and no engagement (0.07 ± 0.01, p < 0.001), and either and no engagement households (0.02 ± 0.01, p < 0.001). Beyond farm production of nutrient-rich foods, generalized estimating equations showed that diet quality was influenced by the higher educational level and occupation of adult household members, higher daily per capita food expenditure, sex, family size and region.

    CONCLUSIONS: Projects that promote and support household engagement in both homestead aquaculture and horticulture have the potential to improve the diet quality of households.

    Matched MeSH terms: Occupations/statistics & numerical data
  16. Lee Boon Thong
    Dev Forum, 1979 Dec;9(2):51-60.
    PMID: 12336533
    Matched MeSH terms: Occupations*
  17. Aziz NL
    Stud Fam Plann, 1978 Sep;9(9):41-2.
    PMID: 734714 DOI: 10.2307/1965636
    Matched MeSH terms: Health Occupations/education
  18. MURPHY HB
    J Soc Psychol, 1963 Dec;61:201-31.
    PMID: 14084801
    Matched MeSH terms: Occupations*
  19. Singh MKD, Abdulrahman SA, Rashid A
    Indian J Dent Res, 2018 6 15;29(3):378-390.
    PMID: 29900926 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_545_17
    Background: Given background sparsity of country-specific literature evidence, and the pervasive unhealthy lifestyle habits such as tobacco, alcohol use, and high sugar consumption among fishermen, the aim of this study was to assess the oral health status and associated lifestyle factors among Malaysian fishermen in Teluk Bahang, Penang.

    Subjects and Methods: In an analytical cross-sectional design, we used simple random sampling technique to select 242 multiracial Malaysian male fishermen aged between 18 and 75 years from five fishing villages located at Gurney Drive, Tanjong Tokong, Tanjong Bungah, Batu Ferringhi, and Teluk Bahang to participate in this study. During four consecutive weekends in January 2017, we conducted face-to-face interviews with participants using a pre-validated, interviewer-administered WHO oral health questionnaire. We categorized participants as having "good" or "poor" oral health based on a mean cutoff score of 14. Multivariate regression models were fitted to assess the oral health status and associated lifestyle factors among the study population, using SPSS version 22.

    Results: We achieved a response rate of 97.6%. Overall, the prevalence of poor oral health in this study was 47.5%. "Income" (RM/month), "type of fishing," "additional occupation," "age" (years), "frequency of pies, buns consumed," and "frequency of sweets, soft drinks consumed" were significant predictors of oral health status among the fishermen.

    Conclusion: Poor oral health is relatively highly prevalent among the fishermen in our study. The oral health status of fishermen in Teluk Bahang was consistent with the national average and significantly associated with their sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Targeted interventions are required to arrest and reverse this trend.

    Matched MeSH terms: Occupations*
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