Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 751 in total

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  1. Zaris SNABSM, Ahmad MSB, Mohamed SZB, Shuid ANB, Mohamed INB, Mokhtar SAB
    Malaysia is a multi-ethnic country with an osteoporosis prevalence of 24.1% in 2005. Only few study reported on osteoporosis awareness. Aim of this study was to investigate the awareness and knowledge regarding osteoporosis among persons attending orthopaedic clinic at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur. A total of 368 participants (male and female) aged 20 years old or older, was assessed using the Osteoporosis Questionnaire (OPQ). The mean total OPQ score was 1.7 (SD ± 3.08; range -5 to 9; maximum possible score 20). Subjects with family history of osteoporosis and high education level were found to have significantly higher OPQ scores (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) with respect to different age groups, gender, ethnicities, and menopausal status. The main source of osteoporosis knowledge was magazine/newspaper (45.9%). An overall low score indicates that new strategies to increase awareness of osteoporosis among the public is urgently required.
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatient Clinics, Hospital
  2. Shafinaz, S., Chan, L.C., Adawiyah, J., Norazirah, M.N.
    Medicine & Health, 2018;13(1):71-76.
    MyJurnal
    Discontinuing antihistamines for patch testing (PT) in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is more conventional than evidence based. Data suggests that non-sedating antihistamines do not interfere with PT. Investigating the effects of sedating antihistamines are more relevant as these are recommended for eczema. We aimed to evaluate the effect of chlorpheniramine on PT, to determine the prevalence of nickel sensitization and common sensitizing allergens. An open labeled cohort study was conducted at two dermatology clinics. Patients indicated for PT underwent standard protocol where antihistamines were discontinued. Patients sensitised to nickel were subjected to a second nickel PT while taking chlorpheniramine. Results were evaluated using the North American Contact Dermatitis Research Group (NACDRG) score, a Mexameter measured erythema and pruritus was assessed using a visual analogue score. A total 82 patients were recruited, 28 (34.1%) were sensitised to nickel. The mean age was 40 ± 17.7 years with 22(26.8%) males and 60 (73.2%) females. Indications for PT included suspected ACD (57.3%), hand and feet eczema (34.1%) and severe eczema with suspected superimposed ACD (6.1%). The commonest sensitizing allergens were methyldibromoglutaronitrile (40.2%) nickel sulphate (34.1%), potassium dichromate (29.3%) and formaldehyde (24.4%). A second PT was performed on 23 patients. There was no difference in the NACDRG score with chlorpheniramine or without chlorpheniramine (p=0.968). Pruritus score was reduced by 1.39 ± 2.9, p=0.031 with chlorpheniramine. The degree of erythema was 611.46 ± 21.59 with chlorpheniramine versus 613.87 ± 27.5 without chlorpheniramine, p=0.671. Chlorpheniramine did not affect PT based on clinical and objective scorings. It has the additional benefit of reducing test-induced itch.
    Study site: Dermatology clinics, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur and Hospital Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatient Clinics, Hospital
  3. Lim HM, Chia YC, Ching SM
    J Hypertens, 2016 Sep;34 Suppl 1 - ISH 2016 Abstract Book:e212-e213.
    PMID: 27754047 DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000500462.09000.21
    Conference abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: To determine the minimum number and duration of blood pressure(BP) measurement needed to estimate long term visit-to-visit blood pressure variability (BPV) for predicting 10-year cardiovascular (CV) risk.
    DESIGN AND METHOD: This is a 10-year retrospective cohort study of 1403 patients from a primary care clinic. Three monthly BP readings per year were retrieved from 10 years of clinic visits. Standard deviation (SD) of systolic blood pressure (SBP) was used as a measure of BPV. SD was calculated for each cumulative year of readings. CV events defined as fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease and fatal and nonfatal stroke. We used Pearson's correlation to examine the concordance between the SD of each additional year of follow-up and SD at the end of 10 years. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the CV risk and compare the odd ratio (OR) between 10-year SD and SD of each additional year of follow-up.
    RESULTS: Mean SD increased with more SBP measurements for each increasing year. Pearson's correlation increased with the years of SBP measurements indicating increasing concordance with 10-year SD when more years of SBP readings was included from the baseline. With 10-year SD, the OR for CV risk was associated with an increase in SD (OR 1.121, 95% CI 1.057-1.188, p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatient Clinics, Hospital
  4. Shrivastava AK, Kumar S, Mohakud NK, Suar M, Sahu PS
    Gut Pathog, 2017;9:16.
    PMID: 28400860 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-017-0166-0
    BACKGROUND: There are multiple etiologies responsible for infectious gastroenteritis causing acute diarrhea which are often under diagnosed. Also acute diarrhea is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among children less than 5 years of age.

    METHODS: In our study, fecal samples (n = 130) were collected from children (<5 years) presenting with symptoms of acute diarrhea. Samples were screened for viral, bacterial, and parasitic etiologies. Rotavirus and Adenovirus were screened by immunochromatographic tests. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (EPEC, EHEC, STEC, EAEC, O157, O111), Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Vibrio cholera, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia spp. were detected by gene-specific polymerase chain reaction.

    RESULTS: Escherichia coli was detected to be the major etiological agent (30.07%) followed by Rotavirus (26.15%), Shigella (23.84%), Adenovirus (4.61%), Cryptosporidium (3.07%), and Giardia (0.77%). Concurrent infections with two or more pathogens were observed in 44 of 130 (33.84%) cases with a predominant incidence particularly in <2-year-old children (65.90%) compared to children of 2-5 years age group (34.09%). An overall result showed significantly higher detection rates among children with diarrhea in both combinations of two as well as three infections concurrently (p = 0.004915 and 0.03917, respectively).

    CONCLUSION: Suspecting possible multiple infectious etiologies and diagnosis of the right causative agent(s) can aid in a better pharmacological management of acute childhood diarrhea. It is hypothesized that in cases with concurrent infections the etiological agents might be complementing each other's strategies of pathogenesis resulting in severe diarrhea that could be studied better in experimental infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatient Clinics, Hospital
  5. Teng CL
    Family Physician, 1997;10(1):25-27.
    Study site: Primary care clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatient Clinics, Hospital
  6. Nurfahzura MJ, Hanizasurana H, Zunaina E, Adil H
    Clin Ophthalmol, 2013;7:1651-4.
    PMID: 23986629 DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S46876
    We report successful treatment of syphilitic uveitis in a case series of three Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients at Malaysia's Selayang Hospital eye clinic. All three patients with syphilitic uveitis were male, aged from 23 to 35 years old, with a history of high-risk behaviors. Of the patients, two presented with blurring of vision and only one patient presented with floaters in the affected eye. Ocular examination revealed intermediate uveitis (case 1 and case 3) and panuveitis (case 2). Each patient showed a high Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) titer at presentation and they were also newly diagnosed as HIV positive with variable CD4 counts. All three patients responded well to a neurosyphilis regimen of intravenous penicillin G. At 3 months posttreatment, there was reduction in VDRL titer with improvement of vision in the affected eye. Diagnosis of syphilis needs to be ruled out in all cases of uveitis. All syphilitic uveitis cases should have HIV screening and vice versa, as syphilis is one of the most common infectious diseases associated with HIV-positive patients. Early detection and treatment are important for a good visual outcome.

    Study site: opthamolagy clinic, Hospital Selayang
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatient Clinics, Hospital
  7. Jamaiyah H, Geeta A, Safiza MN, Wong NF, Kee CC, Ahmad AZ, et al.
    Malays J Nutr, 2008 Sep;14(2):137-50.
    PMID: 22691771 MyJurnal
    This study sought to examine the reliability of two measurements; Calf Circumference (CC) and Mid-half Arm Span (MHAS). A sample of 130 elderly persons aged 60 years and above seen consecutively in the Kuala Lumpur Hospital outpatient clinic during the period of December 2005 to January 2006, upon consent, were recruited to the study. There was a high degree of reliability for both inter- and intra-examiner (r close to 1). For inter-examiner, on average the CC measurements taken by the first examiner were 0.3 cm lower than that of the second examiner. The upper and lower limit of the differences were +0.4 to -0.9 cm respectively. Inter-examiner MHAS measurements on average by the first examiner were 0.2 cm lower than that of the second examiner. The limits were +1.7 to -2.1 cm. By comparison, the inter-examiner CC measurements were more reliable than the MHAS measurements. For intra-examiner, on average the CC measurements at Time 1 were consistent with Time 2 (mean difference=0) with limits of the difference at + 0.5 cm. MHAS measurements at Time 1 were on average 0.1 cm less than at Time 2 with limits at +1.7 and -1.8 cm. The technical error of measurement (TEM) and coefficient of variation of CC and MHAS for both interexaminer and intra-examiner measurements were within acceptable limits with the exception of MHAS TEM. This study suggests that CC and MHAS measured in elderly persons 60 years and above, using Seca Circumference Tape ® 206, Germany (0.05 cm) are reliable and can be used in a community survey.

    Study site: Outpatient clinic, Hospital Kuala Lumpur
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatient Clinics, Hospital
  8. Robinson, F., Md. ldris, M.N., Efjiloris, F.D.
    MyJurnal
    Client satisfaction upon health services is important for public especially for those who have to undergo treatment for tuberculosis (TB) noted for its difficult regime. The purpose of this study is to measure client dissatisfaction level towards TB treatment & services among TB patients in government outpatient health services and the factors that influenced it. This study was carried out in all the districts of West Coast Division of Sabah. It was conducted from June 2002 to November 2002. Study design is cross-sectional, with population samples taken on those who are currently receiving outpatient TB treatment in government health facilities. Questionnaires forms were used as study tool and filled by either by respondent or through the help of trained interviewer. The outcome is based on the total score obtained through Likert scales to determine the proportion of dissatisfied group from the respondents. A total of 488 patients took part in this study. Results of study showed overall percentage of 31.8% dissatisfaction level towards TB
    treatment & services, while dissatisfaction towards TB treatment and upon health services alone were 54.3% and 24.0% respectively. The predictive factors for client dissatisfaction towards TB treatment and services are those without education, longer waiting time and have opinion of insufficient number of health staff.
    Key words: Tuberculosis, client satisfaction, TB treatment, services, Sabah.
    Study site: Outpatient clinics, hospitals, Sabah, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatient Clinics, Hospital
  9. Shahrul Azmin, Tan, Eng Liang, Law, Zhe Kang, Remli Rabani, Wan Yahya Nafisah, Sahathevan, Ramesh, et al.
    Neurology Asia, 2016;21(2):137-143.
    MyJurnal
    Background: Impulse control behaviours are repetitive and excessive activities that may be sub-syndromal and not fulfil the criteria for impulse control disorder. These activities have potential to negatively impact on the daily lives of sufferers. We conducted a study to investigate the prevalence of impulse control behaviours and its associated features in Parkinson’s disease in our population. Methods: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study on consecutive patients attending neurology clinic. Inclusion criteria include idiopathic Parkinson’s disease patients with Hoehn & Yahr stage I-IV. Eighty patients were enrolled and screened for impulse control behaviours using the Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorder for Parkinson’s disease (QUIP). Results: Prevalence of impulse control behaviours among our cohort was 11.3%; the features significantly associated with it were higher level of education (p=0.02), advanced stage of disease (p=0.03) and higher levodopa dosage (p= 0.01). The commonest impulse control behaviour in our cohort was compulsive medication use (7.5%), followed by hobbyism (6.3%), hypersexuality (5%), compulsive buying (3.75%), punding (2.5%), walkabout (2.5%), compulsive eating (1.25%) and pathological gambling (1.3%).
    Conclusions: There is an association between impulse control behaviour and higher levodopa dosage in a study on patients with Parkinson’s disease in Malaysia. We also found a low prevalence of pathological gambling as compared to studies performed in the West.
    Study site: Neurology clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatient Clinics, Hospital
  10. Norasikin, M.
    MyJurnal
    A cross sectional study to measure the prevalence of domestic violence and the factors associated with it among women who seek treatment at Hospital Pontian Out Patient Department was carried out in September 1998 until April 1999. The study sample was chosen through systematic random sampling. A total of 370 women between 15 to 49 years were selected and the response rate was 100%. The Results show the one year prevalence rate of domestic violence was 16.8% and life- long prevalence of domestic violence was 35.1%. Studies shows significant difference between the prevalence of domestic violence by age, marital and working status, age at marriage, knowledge, attitude and action to be taken toward domestic violence. Percent of victim is higher among women less than 20 year old, single, still schooling, negative attitude and action towards abuse and less knowledge of place for seeking help. Factor that contribute significantly toward domestic violence among single women is the lack of positive action in dealing with violence and among married women are early marriage(<25 year), lack of positive action in dealing with violence and lack of moral support from husband and family.
    Key words: prevalence of domestic violence, mangsa keganasan, associated factors, contributing factors
    Study site: Outpatient clinic, Hospital Pontian, Johor, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatient Clinics, Hospital
  11. Hatta Sidi, Marhani Midin, Azlin Baharudin
    ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2008;9(1):48-51.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: To investigate patient’s perceived satisfaction and adequacy of information given by doctors on prescribed drugs in an outpatient psychiatric setting.
    Methods: The sampling was done consecutively with a target sample size of 200 patients. A simple questionnaire that was developed with 10 close-ended questions and yes or no answers was administered by the interviewing team. This questionnaire assessed patients' knowledge on prescribed medications and their perception on the adequacy of information given.
    Results: More than 80% of the patients were informed regarding the reasons, timing to take medication(s), duration of drug treatment and type of prescribed drugs. Half of them were informed regarding the side effect profiles of their prescribed medications. Majority of them (80%) were satisfied with the information given despite only 49% of the patients being given adequate information on their medications.
    Conclusion: Patients who are adequately informed about their medications are more significantly satisfied than those inadequately informed. (χ2=4.085, p<0.05).
    Key words: perceived satisfaction, adequacy of information, prescribed psychotropic drug
    Study site: Psychiatric clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatient Clinics, Hospital
  12. Noriah, B., Roslan Johari, M.G., Teng, Seng Chong, Tahir, A., Nadhirah, R.
    MyJurnal
    The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of counter service at the Ministry of Health hospitals as perceived by patients. This was a cross sectional study using selfadrninistered questionnaires distributed to patients at the outpatient departments in all Ministry of Health Hospitals. By the end ofthe data collection period, 118 of 121 hospitals (total number of MOH Hospitals) participated with 93.2% response rate., The hospitals were divided into four categories, for the purpose of this study 1000 sample size were needed in each category, the number of sample size were obtained using Epi Info Program based on assumption that 30% Of patients were dissatisyded with the services provided and with a precision of 10%. In this study the quality were based on clarity and provision of services based on Client Charten deliverance of clear infomation by the healthcare personnel, priority treatment given to urgency of the cases, cleanliness of the facilities and teamwork among the staff This study revealed about 64% of patients perceived that the hospitals had provided quality services at the counter: Only about 11% of patients were not happy with the quality of the services given at the counter. The proportion of happy patients increased from the smaller to the bigger hospitals. In terms of delivering services according to the Client Charter; only about 15% said that service was not provided by the counter staff according to the Client’s Charter On the aspect of priority on the urgent cases, about 64% of the patients perceived that urgent cases were not seen immediately. About 64% of the respondents felt that the hospitah do provide quality services. Strategies should focus on the bigger hospitals because non conformance to quality occurs more frequently there. The post of Counter Supervisor should be created to ensure that quality services are delivered.

    Study site: outpatient departments in all Ministry of Health Hospitals
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatient Clinics, Hospital
  13. Abdulameer SA, Sahib MN, Sulaiman SAS
    Open Rheumatol J, 2018;12:50-64.
    PMID: 29755605 DOI: 10.2174/1874312901812010050
    Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis are both chronic conditions and the relationship between them is complex.
    Objective: The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of Low Bone Mineral density (LBMD, i.e., osteopenia and osteoporosis), as well as, the difference and associations between Quantitative Ultrasound Scan (QUS) parameters with socio-demographic data and clinical related data among T2DM in Penang, Malaysia.
    Method: An observational, cross-sectional study with a convenient sample of 450 T2DM patients were recruited from the outpatient diabetes clinic at Hospital Pulau Pinang (HPP) to measure Bone Mineral Density (BMD) at the heel bone using QUS. In addition, a self-reported structured questionnaire about the socio-demographic data and osteoporosis risk factors were collected. Moreover, the study included the retrospective collection of clinical data from patients' medical records.
    Results: The mean value of T-score for normal BMD, osteopenic and osteoporotic patients' were (-0.41±0.44), (-1.65±0.39) and (-2.76±0.27), respectively. According to QUS measurements, more than three quarters of T2DM patients (82%) were at high risk of abnormal BMD. The results showed that QUS scores were significantly associated with age, gender, menopausal duration, educational level and diabetic related data. Moreover, the QUS parameters and T-scores demonstrated significant negative correlation with age, menopausal duration, diabetic duration and glycaemic control, as well as, a positive correlation with body mass index and waist to hip ratio. The current study revealed that none of the cardiovascular disease risk factors appear to influence the prevalence of low BMD among T2DM Malaysian patients.
    Conclusion: The study findings revealed that the assessment of T2DM patients' bone health and related factor are essential and future educational programs are crucial to improve osteoporosis management.
    Study site: Diabetes clinic, Hospital Pulau Pinang
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatient Clinics, Hospital
  14. Nur Eliana Ahmad Tarmizi, Periasamy, Chenthilnathan, Singh, Avatar Singh Mohan, Irfan Mohamad
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2017;12(2):114-117.
    MyJurnal
    (DENTAL)

    Foreign bodies (FB) are most often lodged in the upper digestive tract and amongst the common encounter in outpatient clinic. In most instances, the ingested FB passes uneventfully through the gastrointestinal tract without any harm but in certain cases, it can migrate extraluminally and lead to serious complication. Long standing migrated FB can cause devastating complications like neck abscess and injuries to the major blood vessels. In the present case, a wooden toothpick had migrated to the soft tissue of the neck. A careful and detailed history with clinical-radiographic investigation helped to locate the ingested FB and aided in its successful removal.

    Study site: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Taiping, Perak, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatient Clinics, Hospital
  15. Taha NA, Ibrahim MI, Rahman AF, Shafie AA, Rahman AH
    Value Health Reg Issues, 2012 May;1(1):82-86.
    PMID: 29702832 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2012.03.006
    OBJECTIVES: To explore the validity and reliability of a disease-specific health-related quality-of-life questionnaire-the Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale Revision 4 (SQLS-R4)-in patients with schizophrenia in Malaysia.
    METHODS: A total of 222 outpatients with schizophrenia receiving treatment at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre completed the SQLS-R4 in either the Malay or the English language. A generic self-report health-related quality-of-life measure-the EuroQoL group EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire-and a measure of symptom severity-the Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia scale-were also administered to assess validity.
    RESULTS: Good internal consistency reliability was found for both the psychosocial and vitality domains (Cronbach's α = 0.95 and 0.85, respectively). Most items were also significantly correlated with their own scale score (rs ranging from 0.29 to 0.74). There was a moderate correlation between the SQLS-R4 "vitality" domain and the EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire "usual activities" domain (rs = 0.44) and a large correlation between the SQLS-R4 "psychosocial" domain and the EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire "anxiety/depression" domain (rs = 0.44-0.57). Most of the symptom dimensions of the Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia scale were also moderately correlated with the SQLS-R4 subscale scores.
    CONCLUSIONS: The SQLS-R4 is a valid and reliable health-related quality-of-life instrument for use in minimally ill patients with schizophrenia in Malaysia, but some of the items may be redundant and irrelevant. Validation of SQLS-R4 in different types of patients and various levels of illness severity is required to further verify its application.
    Study site: Psychiatry clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatient Clinics, Hospital
  16. Jalalonmuhali M, Elagel SMA, Tan MP, Lim SK, Ng KP
    Int J Nephrol, 2018;2018:3081518.
    PMID: 29862077 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3081518
    Background: To assess the performance of different GFR estimating equations, test the diagnostic value of serum cystatin-C, and compare the applicability of cystatin-C based equation with serum creatinine based equation for estimating GFR (eGFR) in comparison with measured GFR in the elderly Malaysian patients.

    Methods: A cross-sectional study recruiting volunteered patients 65 years and older attending medical outpatient clinic. 51 chromium EDTA (51Cr-EDTA) was used as measured GFR. The predictive capabilities of Cockcroft-Gault equation corrected for body surface area (CGBSA), four-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (4-MDRD), and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations using serum creatinine (CKD-EPIcr) as well as serum cystatin-C (CKD-EPIcys) were calculated.

    Results: A total of 40 patients, 77.5% male, with mean measured GFR 41.2 ± 18.9 ml/min/1.73 m2 were enrolled. Mean bias was the smallest for 4-MDRD; meanwhile, CKD-EPIcr had the highest precision and accuracy with lower limit of agreement among other equations. CKD-EPIcys equation did not show any improvement in GFR estimation in comparison to CKD-EPIcr and MDRD.

    Conclusion: The CKD-EPIcr formula appears to be more accurate and correlates better with measured GFR in this cohort of elderly patients.

    Study site: medical outpatient clinic. University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC)
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatient Clinics, Hospital
  17. Tan BK, Tan SB, Chen LC, Chang KM, Chua SS, Balashanker S, et al.
    Patient Prefer Adherence, 2017;11:1027-1034.
    PMID: 28652712 DOI: 10.2147/PPA.S132894
    PURPOSE: Poor adherence to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) could compromise the control of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and contributes to poorer survival. Little is known about how medication-related issues affect CML patients' adherence to TKI therapy in Malaysia. This qualitative study aimed to explore these issues.

    PATIENTS AND METHODS: Individual face-to-face, semistructured interviews were conducted at the hematology outpatient clinics of two medical centers in Malaysia from August 2015 to January 2016. CML patients aged ≥18 years who were prescribed a TKI were invited to participate in the study. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed.

    RESULTS: Four themes were identified from 18 interviews: 1) concerns about adverse reactions to TKIs, 2) personal beliefs regarding the use of TKIs, 3) mismanagement of TKIs in daily lives, and 4) financial burden in accessing treatment. Participants skipped their TKIs due to ineffective emesis control measures and perceived wastage of medication from vomiting. Participants also modified their TKI therapy due to fear of potential harm from long-term use, and stopped taking their TKIs based on belief in curative claims of traditional medicines and misconception about therapeutic effects of TKIs. Difficulty in integrating the dosing requirements of TKIs into daily lives led to unintentional skipping of doses, as well as the risk of toxicities from inappropriate dosing intervals or food interactions. Furthermore, financial constraints also resulted in delayed initiation of TKIs, missed clinic appointments, and treatment interruptions.

    CONCLUSION: Malaysian CML patients encountered a range of medication-related issues leading to a complex pattern of nonadherence to TKI therapy. Further studies should investigate whether regular contact with patients to improve understanding of treatment rationale, to elicit and address patients' concerns about adverse reactions, and to empower patients with skills to self-manage their medications might promote better adherence to TKIs and improve CML patients' outcome.

    Study site: hematology outpatient clinics of Ampang Hospital (AH) and University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) in Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatient Clinics, Hospital
  18. Maimunah Abdul Muna’aim, Yee, Tey Yin, Alya Az-Zahra Mohamad Zafarullah, Rafidah Md Saleh, Nazri Omar
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Dry eye is a common but under-diagnosed problem in the general population. Lack of standardised diagnostic protocol causes prevalence of dry eye varied widely in different populations. Nevertheless, effective management rests largely on the accurate diagnosis and identification of the contributing risk factors.
    Methods: In a cross sectional study, socio-demographic, lifestyle and medical history data were collected from 157 respondents. A validated six-item questionnaire was used to determine the dry eye symptoms. Dry eye was determined by using Schirmer’s test. Fluorescein staining test and tear break up time (TBUT) test were performed to characterise the dry eye.
    Results: Using the Schirmer’s test, 33.8% of respondents had dry eyes. The likelihood of dry eye increased among Malay females in the seventh decade. The most frequently reported symptom was sensation of dryness of the eye. Although only 22.6% of dry eye cases were symptomatic, up to 47.2% of them may developed surface changes detectable by fluorescein dye test. Ethnicity (p=0.019) and diabetes mellitus (p=0.049) were significantly associated with dry eye.
    Conclusion: Dry eye could be subclinical but clinical tests in potential risk groups can lead to better detection of this condition and allow prescription of appropriate treatment for affected patients.
    Study site: Ophthalmology clinic, hospital, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatient Clinics, Hospital
  19. Maimunah, M., Ropilah, A.R., Othmaliza, O., Mushawiahti, M.
    Medicine & Health, 2016;11(2):199-208.
    MyJurnal
    Conventional argon laser causes transient thickening of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL). The effect of pattern scanning laser (PASCAL) has not been well described. We compared the immediate changes in peripapillary RNFL thickness post-panretinal photocoagulation between conventional argon lasers and PASCAL in patients with diabetic retinopathy changes. A total of 32 subjects were recruited. There were 16 patients in the argon group and 16 patients in PASCAL group. Diabetic patients were recruited from Ophthalmology Clinic, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). Complete eye examinations and fundus photographs were performed at baseline prior to laser treatment, and post-laser treatment at two and four months. RNFL thickness was measured using time domain optical coherence tomography. Both groups were comparable with respect to clinical characteristics and demographics. There was no significant difference in average RNFL thickness between the two groups prior to treatment (p= 0.323). RNFL post-laser treatment for patients receiving conventional argon laser remained unchanged with no significant differences in all quadrants at any time-point (two and four months). However, for the PASCAL group, significant thickening occurred at four months for average RNFL and the inferior quadrant (p <0.05). The other quadrants similarly demonstrated increasing thickness at four months but this did not reach statistical significance. Transient RNFL thickening occurs in both conventional and PASCAL laser patients. The PASCAL laser induces a greater increase in RNFL thickness than the argon laser group. Important events, such as laser eye treatments and even type of laser used, are worthy of consideration when evaluating RNFL.
    Keywords: diabetic retinopathy, optical coherence, photocoagulation, retinal ganglion cells, tomography
    Study site: Ophthalmology Clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatient Clinics, Hospital
  20. Chin SN, Abdullah N, Poh LP
    MyJurnal
    Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, disabling autoimmune disease which affects about 5 in 1000 people in Malaysia. Patients with RA are at increased risk of developing comorbid conditions. This research aims at determining these relationships between demographic, duration of illness and comorbidity in RA via a multiple binary logistic (MBL) regression analysis based on the 102 patients’ information (23 males; 79 females) obtained from the rheumatoid clinic of the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Kota Kinabalu. The relationship of the RA patients with comorbid conditions was studied with focus on the demographic and duration of illness. The variables obtained for analysis were the comorbid conditions namely, hypertension and hyperlipidemia, age, duration of illness, gender, ethnicity, household income and education level. From six independent variables, two were quantitative would be analyzed, while four were categorical, and would be transformed into dummy variables. Four phases in a model-building approach were executed where two models were formed where Model I predicted the probability of occurrence of hypertension with age of patients and first order interaction between duration of illness before diagnosis and household income of less than RM1000 had positive effects on the model, while Model II predicted the occurrence of hyperlipidemia among the RA patients with age of patients and first order interaction variable between gender(female) and age were the contributing factors.
    Study site: Rheumatoid clinic, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (QEH), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Outpatient Clinics, Hospital
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