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  1. Fulltext Application of ultra-high frequency antenna for partial discharge detection in oil-filled power transformer: a review
    Azharudin Mukhtaruddin, Muzamir Isa, Mohd Fadzil Ain, Mazlee Mohd Noor, Mohd Rafi Adzman, Mohamad Nur Khairul Hafizi Rohani
    ZULFAQAR International Journal of Defence Science, Engineering & Technology, 2020;3(2):1-17.
    MyJurnal
    Partial discharge (PD) is a phenomenon that may lead to dielectric breakdown and can provide important information for condition monitoring on electrical power equipment, in particular transformer. One of the methods is the detection of the electromagnetic (EM) wave signal emitted by PD. Although the frequency spectrum in EM is very wide, this paper discusses the detection of EM only at ultra-high frequency (UHF). One of the detectors that can be used to detect EM is the antenna. There are a lot of antenna designs that have been proposed to detect the signal. The designs can be generally divided into two: PCB-based design and physical antenna design. An example of the latter is monopole. Some of the proposed antennas were left at the design stage while others went to be applied in actual PD experimentation. Discussion on the capabilities of these antennas can lead to the selection of a suitable antenna.
    Matched MeSH terms: Physical Examination
  2. Fulltext Evaluation of image quality of bitewing radiographs taken by UITM dental students.
    Ayoub,A,A,, A,Rasid,L,H,, Razak,S,, Kamaruzaman,M,, Azmi,N,W,
    Compendium of Oral Science, 2020;7(1):32-40.
    MyJurnal
    Abstract
    Objectives: To evaluate the quality of bitewing radiograph taken by Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) dental
    students during daily clinical practices and to evaluate the difference in caries lesions found on bitewing
    radiographs and clinical examination.
    Materials and method: 120 patients who attended the undergraduate dental clinic for dental examination were
    included in this study. The inclusion criteria were patients within the age range of 17-45 years old, possessing
    at least three sets of posterior teeth, with bitewing radiographs taken by undergraduate dental students. The
    number of caries lesions detected by clinical examination, bitewing radiographs, and a combination of both
    methods were recorded. The quality of 240 bitewing radiographs was classified into three categories; excellent,
    acceptable, and unacceptable. The frequency of radiographic errors; foreshortening/elongation, horizontal
    overlapping, inadequate film coverage, non-ideal centering and inadequate contrast and density were also
    evaluated.
    Results: The quality of bitewing radiographs are mostly accepted to be used as a diagnostic tool and one of the
    factors which commonly affected the quality of the bitewing is the overlapping of adjacent teeth. The highest
    number of caries lesions were detected radiographically (74%) compared with 25% caries by clinical
    examination. The majority of radiographs (71%, n=171) were deemed to be of acceptable quality, 39(16%) were
    excellent, and 30(13%) were diagnostically unacceptable. “Horizontal overlap” was the most common error
    detected on the radiographs (n=139, 57.9%), followed by “non-ideal centering” (n=93, 38.8%), “inadequate
    contrast” (n=46, 19.2%) and “inadequate film coverage” (n=24,10%). The highest number of caries lesions were
    detected radiographically (74%) compared with 25% caries by clinical examination.
    Conclusion: The quality of the majority of bitewing radiographs taken by undergraduate dental students in this
    institution is acceptable. However, given that more than half of the radiographs possessed horizontal
    overlapping error, caries diagnosis may have been underestimated. Further training and periodic audits are
    required to reduce the percentage of errors in bitewing radiographs amongst undergraduate dental students.
    Matched MeSH terms: Physical Examination
  3. A comparison of different standard-setting methods for professional qualifying dental examination
    Abd-Rahman ANA, Baharuddin IH, Abu-Hassan MI, Davies SJ
    J Dent Educ, 2021 Jul;85(7):1210-1216.
    PMID: 33792052 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12600
    BACKGROUND: The outcome of assessments is determined by the standard-setting method used. Standard setting is the process of deciding what is good enough. A cutoff score of 50% was commonly used in dental schools in Malaysia. This study aims to compare the conventional, norm-referenced, and modified-Angoff standard-setting methods.

    METHODS: The norm-referenced method of standard setting was applied to the real scores of 40 final-year dental students on a multiple-choice question (MCQ), a short answer question (SAQ), and an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). A panel of 10 judges set the standard using the modified-Angoff method for the same paper in one sitting. One judge set the passing score of 10 OSCE questions after 2 weeks. A comparison of the grades and pass/fail rates derived from the absolute standard, norm-referenced, and modified-Angoff methods was made. The intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities of the modified-Angoff method were assessed.

    RESULTS: The passing rate for the absolute standard was 100% (40/40), for the norm-referenced method it was 62.5% (25/40), and for the modified-Angoff method it was 80% (32/40). The modified-Angoff method had good inter-rater reliability of 0.876 and excellent test-retest reliability of 0.941.

    CONCLUSION: There were significant differences in the outcomes of these three standard-setting methods, as shown by the difference in the proportion of candidates who passed and failed the assessment. The modified-Angoff method was found to have good reliability for use with a professional qualifying dental examination.

    Matched MeSH terms: Physical Examination
  4. Fulltext Parotid lymphoepithelial cyst: a case report
    Rahman, S., Shaari, R., Hassan, R.
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2006;1(1):71-75.
    MyJurnal
    A 48 years old Malay lady with a case of painless soft fluctuant swelling of left parotid gland is reported. The lesion was found to be a cystic lesion through the pre operative examinations and investigations. The cyst was completely excised, taking care not to injure the lower division of the facial nerve. Post recovery was uneventful with no defect of the facial nerve functions. The histologic picture confirmed that the cyst was lymphoepithelial cyst which is so called “branchial cyst”. Through the literature reviews of parotid lymphoepitelial cyst the discussions on prevalence, origin, diagnosis, histological finding, investigation and the modes of treatment are made. The ultra sound was found to be valuable in the pre operative evaluation of the parotid swelling furthermore it is non-invasive, harmless, painless and relatively quick.
    Matched MeSH terms: Physical Examination
  5. Fulltext The relative age effects among Malaysian age group swimmers
    Punita Marapen, Low, Jeffrey Fook Lee
    Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani, 2015;4(1):1-8.
    MyJurnal
    The relative age effect (RAE) is the effects of differences between athletes born in the early compared to the later months of the year. This study investigated the presence of RAE among 306 age-group swimmers competing in the 2014 Malaysian Schools Sports Competition (MSSM). Participants’ birthdates were grouped according to four birth quartiles (Q1- Jan to Mar; Q2- Apr to June; Q3 – July to September; Q4 – October to December). Data analyzed using chi-squared goodness-of-fit showed there was a significant difference among overall male but not for the female swimmers. There was a presence of RAE in the U-12 and U-15 but none in the U-18 boys’ category. Further analyses on the medal winners showed no RAEs on both gender. Physical attributes of the male swimmers, especially the early adolescents are suggested to influence the relative age effects in swimming.
    Matched MeSH terms: Physical Examination
  6. Improving the quality of Lemuru (Sardinella lemuru) oil using magnesol XL filter aid
    Suseno, S.H., Tajul, A.Y
    International Food Research Journal, 2011;18(1):255-264.
    MyJurnal
    This study was aimed at improving the quality of fish oil. A synthetic filter aid (Magnesol XL) was used at various concentration (1, 3 and 5%) and time levels (5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes) to adsorb the polar compound products of the oil. Some physical and chemical properties (viscosity, colour, density, acid value, peroxide value and free fatty acid) of the treated oil were determined. Results indicate that Magnesol XL at 1 and 3% levels significantly reduced the acid value, peroxide value and free fatty acid contents of the treated oil.
    Treatment of the fish oil with Magnesol XL at 1 and 3% levels was also better than treatment with 5% Magnesol XL on improving the fish oil quality. The fatty acid profile for Σ n3 at untreated and treatment adsorbent showed significant at 0.05 level but not significant at Magnesol XL adsorbent concentration 1-5%.
    Matched MeSH terms: Physical Examination
  7. Fulltext Effect of microwave-assisted acid or alkali pretreatment on sugar release from Dragon fruit foliage
    Ethaib, S., Omar, R., Mazlina, M., Radiah, A., Syafiie, S., Harun, M. Y.
    International Food Research Journal, 2016;23(101):149-154.
    MyJurnal
    Agriculture residues are a promising feedstock for value-added products from lignocellulosic waste. However, pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials is essential to facilitate enzymatic
    hydrolysis and improve sugar yield. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of acid or alkali during microwave-assisted pretreatment of dragon fruit foliage (DFF) that
    would make hydrolysis process more efficient. In the present study, distilled water and three chemicals were examined for their effects on releasing monomeric sugar during microwave
    treatment. Microwave-assisted pretreatment namely microwave-distilled water (M-H2O) (control); microwave-sulfuric acid (M-H2SO4); microwave-sodium hydroxide (M-NaOH); and
    microwave-sodium bicarbonate (M-NaHCO3) pretreatment were performed using 5% (w/v) of DFF as substrate at 800 watt microwave power for 5 minutes exposure time. Highest yield
    of monomeric sugar was found at 15.56 mg/g using M-NaOH pretreatment at 0.1N NaOH. For M-H2SO4 pretreatment, 0.1N H2SO4 produced 8.2 mg/g of monomeric sugar. Application
    of M-NaHCO3 pretreatment using 0.05N NaHCO3 solution released 6.45 mg/g of monomeric sugar. While, soaking DFF in distilled water and subjecting to microwave irradiation released
    6.6 mg/g of monomeric sugar. Treatments with the lowest concentration (0.01 N) of the three chemicals released only small quantities of total monomeric sugars and less than that with distilled water. The changes in the physical structure of DFF prior to and after the microwaveassisted pretreatment are also reported.
    Matched MeSH terms: Physical Examination
  8. Fulltext Flow in a branching open channel: a review
    Alomari. Nashwan K., Badronnisa Yusuf, Thamer Ahmed Mohammed Ali, Abdul Halim Ghazali
    The Pertanika Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews, 2016;2(2):40-56.
    MyJurnal
    Branching channel flow refers to any side water withdrawals from rivers or main channels.
    Branching channels have wide application in many practical projects, such as irrigation and drainage
    network systems, water and waste water treatment plants, and many water resources projects. In the
    last decades, extensive theoretical and experimental investigations of the branching open channels
    have been carried out to understand the characteristics of this branching flow, varying from case
    studies to theoretical and experimental investigations. The objectives of this paper are to review and
    summarise the relevant literatures regarding branching channel flow. These literatures were reviewed
    based on flow characteristics, physical characteristics, and modeling of the branching flow.
    Investigations of the flow into branching channel show that the branching discharge depends on many
    interlinked parameters. It increases with the decreasing of the main channel flow velocity and Froude
    number at the upstream of the branch channel junction. Also it increases with the increasing of the
    branch channel bed slope. In subcritical flow, water depth in the branch channel is always lower than
    the main channel water depth. The flow diversion to the branch channel leads to an increase of water
    depth at the downstream of the main channel. From the review, it is important to highlight that most
    of the study concentrated on flow characteristics in a right angle branch channel with a rigid boundary.
    Investigations on different branching angles with movable bed have still to be explored.
    Matched MeSH terms: Physical Examination
  9. Fulltext Anterior Displacement of Ulnar Nerve at the Elbow inChildren Based on Ultrasonography
    Shamsul, H., Saw, A., John, G.
    Malays Orthop J, 2007;1(1):29-33.
    MyJurnal
    This study involved evaluation of the elbows of 50 children between 4 to 14 years of age. Clinical examination for elbow flexion, extension, range of motion and carrying angle were performed, followed by ultrasonographic examination to determine position of the ulnar nerve in relation to the medial epicondyle upon elbow flexion and extension. Thirty-one elbows showed anterior displacement of the ulnar nerve, of which 14 were due to subluxation and 17 to dislocation. We found that anterior translation of ulnar nerve is present in the elbows up to 31% of children, especially those with increased range of elbow motion.
    Matched MeSH terms: Physical Examination
  10. Fulltext Successive objective long-case assessment as a driver of clerkship learning - evaluation through perception questionnaire
    Toh, Peng Yeow, Wai, Sun Choo, Amir S. Khir, Li, Cher Loh
    International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2011;5(2):3-11.
    MyJurnal
    Background: Clinical clerkship in a busy hospital environment forms an important part of undergraduate medical training. Regular objective assessment of this activity with feedback would be expected to improve outcome.

    Methods: We implemented fortnightly clinical assessments using modified OSLER (Objective Structured Long Examination Record), and over a 6-week clinical rotation. Modifications included provision of individualized feedback. The assessment process was evaluated by both students and teachers via a questionnaire measuring their perceived educational impact, feasibility and acceptability.

    Results: Students agreed that the patient spectrum was appropriate and fair, resulting in improved history taking and presentation skills (96.6%), clinical examination skills (89%) and clinical reasoning skills (90.7%). It was graded to have helped learning “tremendously” and “moderately” by 64.7% and 32.8% of students respectively. Perceived improvement was attributable mainly to the repetitive nature of the assessments since only 63% of students were provided with feedback. 96.6% of students and 94.1% of assessors perceived the format created a stressful but positive learning environment. 52.9% of assessors agreed that the exercise consumed significant time and resources but 88.2% rated it as manageable and supported its continuation.

    Conclusion: Frequent and regular in-course clinical assessments with emphasis on individual feedback is feasible, acceptable and has significant positive educational impact.
    Matched MeSH terms: Physical Examination
  11. Fulltext The child with suspected hearing loss
    Philip R
    Malays Fam Physician, 2013;8(2):65-66.
    PMID: 25606288 MyJurnal
    An 8-year-old girl was noticed by her parents to be less attentive and she would respond only after being called several times. She had just recovered from an upper respiratory tract infection two weeks before. The parents brought her to see a primary care physician. The patient had no other complaints, and the rest of the history was unremarkable. Physical examination was normal except for the otoscopic findings shown below (Figure 1) Tuning fork tests indicated conductive deafness.
    Matched MeSH terms: Physical Examination
  12. Fulltext Confirmatory factor analysis of value management current practice in the Nigerian construction industry
    Bruno Lot Tanko, Fadhlin Abdullah, Zuhaili Mohamad Ramly, Wallace Imoudu Enegbuma
    Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 2017;9(1):32-41.
    MyJurnal
    Value management explicitly targets to optimize value by providing necessary
    functions at the least cost without sacrificing quality and performance. However, the
    activities/methods of this technique in emerging economies are here and there
    related to informal methodology. Therefore, the occurrence of these activities in an
    evolving economy requires investigation. The exploration of the extent to which the
    measured variables influenced the latent factors informed the need for this study.
    Data was retrieved via self-administered questionnaire from 344 registered and
    practicing construction professionals in Nigeria. The data was analyzed using SPSS for
    descriptive analysis and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin
    measure of sampling adequacy revealed that the internal consistency of the
    developed research instrument was appropriate. Confirmatory factor analysis
    indicates satisfactory goodness of fit among acknowledged determinants of the
    model. Furthermore, the study revealed three (3) phases of the activities/methods of
    value management in the Nigerian construction industry which include: information,
    information/function analysis, and creativity/evaluation/development/presentation
    phases. This means that value management activities and methods are being
    practiced in Nigeria, however not as per the typical methodology or standard. The
    need to carry out the practice according to the formal value management
    methodology is therefore recommended.
    Matched MeSH terms: Physical Examination
  13. Fulltext Functional outcome 6 months after severe traumatic brain injury following admission to intensive care unit: a follow-up study in two neuro-center hospitals
    Norain Abdul Rashid
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(11):45-45.
    MyJurnal
    Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major medical and socioeconomic
    problem. Patients with severe TBI shows physical and functional improvement but
    remain with cognitive and psycho-social problem throughout recovery. Despite all the
    issues, the impact of TBI on long-term survivors in Malaysia is unknown. The aim of this
    study is to measure the functional level of ICU survivors with severe TBI within 6 months
    post injury. (Copied from article).
    Matched MeSH terms: Physical Examination
  14. Effects of two different water sources used for irrigation on the soil geochemical properties and the quality of the Lohan guava (Psidium guajava L. Lohan)
    George DS, Anthony KK, Santhirasegaram V, Saruan NM, Kaur H, Razali Z, et al.
    Water Sci Technol, 2017 May;75(10):2465-2474.
    PMID: 28541954 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.080
    The effect of two different water sources (treated waste water and lake water) used for irrigation on the soil geochemical properties and the fruit quality parameters of the Lohan guava were studied. The fruits' physical attributes, physicochemical attributes, nutritional attributes, mineral content as well as consumers' acceptance were evaluated. The properties of the different water sources and their effect, on both the soil and the quality of the fruits, were evaluated. Analysis of the irrigation water revealed that treated waste water was of acceptable quality with reference to irrigation water quality guidelines, while the lake water used for irrigation fell short in several aspects. The different water sources used for irrigation in the farms affected the soil geochemical properties significantly. The quality of guavas harvested from the farms that were irrigated with different water sources was significantly different. Irrigation water qualities were observed to have positive effects on the quality of the fruits and consumers' acceptance as observed from the results of quality analysis and the consumers' acceptance test.
    Matched MeSH terms: Physical Examination
  15. Fulltext Assessment of the success rate of endodontically treated patients attending outpatient polyclinic
    Mustafa NS, Kashmoola MA, Majeed KRA, Qader OAJA
    Eur J Dent, 2018 10 30;12(4):540-545.
    PMID: 30369800 DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_377_17
    Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the success rate of the endodontically treated teeth in patients attending the Polyclinic, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), from 2012 to 2015.

    Materials and Methods: A retrospective study involved endodontically treated teeth of patients attending the Polyclinic, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, IIUM, from 2012 to 2015. Clinical and radiographic data were recorded and classified as successful or failed, and further analyzed by Fisher's exact test to measure the correlation between the variables using SPSS software version 16.0. Kappa test was used to measure the overall relationship between clinical and radiographic findings.

    Results: A total of sixty teeth were evaluated clinically and radiographically, the overall success rate was 85% (n = 51). Correlation between the variables showed nonsignificant (P > 0.05) in the success rate among age, gender, and race, upper and lower arches and between anterior and posterior teeth at the time of treatment. At postendodontic fixed restorations, the variables showed statistically significant relationship with the success rate (P < 0.05).

    Conclusions: Patients with no signs and symptoms and with no radiographical changes at the the time of clinical examination, showed the highest percentage of success rate (85%) of postendodontic fixed restorations. Age, gender, and race have no significant relations with the success rate of endodontically treated teeth.

    Matched MeSH terms: Physical Examination
  16. Fulltext APSS-ASJ Best Clinical Research Award: Is There a Difference between Patients' and Parents' Perception of Physical Appearance in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis?
    Chan CYW, Gani SMA, Lim MY, Chiu CK, Kwan MK
    Asian Spine J, 2019 Apr;13(2):216-224.
    PMID: 30472823 DOI: 10.31616/asj.2018.0151
    STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study.

    PURPOSE: To compare patients' and parents' perceptions of physical attributes (PAs) of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients and to report any correlations between their perceptions and Scoliosis Research Society-22r (SRS-22r) scores.

    OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Few studies have looked into the differences between patients' and parents' perceptions of their appearance.

    METHODS: AIS patient-parent pairs (n=170) were recruited. The patients' and parents' perceptions of six PAs were evaluated: waist asymmetry (WA), rib hump (RH), shoulder asymmetry (SA), neck tilt, breast asymmetry (BrA), and chest prominence. These PAs were ranked, and an aggregate PA (Agg-PA) score was derived from a score assigned to the attribute (6 for the most important PA and 1 for the least important). The patients also completed the SRS-22r questionnaire.

    RESULTS: Ninety-nine patients (58.2%) and 71 patients (41.8%) had thoracic and lumbar major curves, respectively. WA was ranked first by 54 patients (31.8%) and 50 parents (29.4%), whereas RH was ranked first by 50 patients (29.4%) and 38 parents (22.4%). The overall Agg-PA scores were similar for patients and parents (p>0.05). However, for thoracic major curves (TMCs) >40°, a significant difference was noted between the Agg-PA scores of patients and parents for SA (3.5±1.6 vs. 4.2±1.6, p=0.041) and BrA (3.0±1.6 vs. 2.2±1.3, p=0.006). For TMCs <40°, a significant difference was found between the Agg-PA scores of patients and parents for WA (3.7±1.6 vs. 4.4±1.5, p=0.050). BrA was negatively correlated with total SRS-22r score.

    CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences between patients and parents in their ranking of the most important PAs. For TMCs >40°, there were significant differences in the Agg-PA for SA and BrA. Pa¬tients were more concerned about BrA and parents were more concerned about SA. Patients' perception of the six PAs had weak correlation with SRS-22r scores.

    Matched MeSH terms: Physical Examination
  17. Evaluation of the spatial risk factors for high incidence of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever using GIS application
    Aziz Shafie
    Sains Malaysiana, 2011;40:1179-1186.
    In Malaysia, the incidence of Dengue Fever (DF) and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) have risen dramatically in the last twenty years. With the use of Geographical Information System an explanation for the spread and control of these diseases can be obtained. This study aims to develop a spatial modeling that can predict the risks for DF and DHF based on environmental factors such as physical surroundings, land use, rainfall, temperature and GIS application using logistic regression. A total of 16 variables were used in the process of spatial modeling development. At the significant level of 0.05, the results of logistic regression showed that only 10 out of 16 significant variables in the modeling process. The accuracy of the resulting model is 70.3%. A crucial feature of this study is a risk area map for incidence of DF and DHF in the study area. This study also highlights the application of spatial analysis in planning and implementing the process for the prevention and control activities of DF and DHF in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Physical Examination
  18. Psychological distress of first year medical students who underwent two different admission processes during a stressful period
    Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff, Ahmad Fuad Abdul Rahim, Abdul Aziz Baba, Shaiful Bahari Ismail, Hatta Sidi, Ab Rahman Esa
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:423-428.
    The study of medicine is often regarded by students as a stressful environment particularly during examination period. Studies found a high percentage of medical students experience significant psychological distress during the examination period. This study compared percentage and level of psychological distress between two batches of first year medical students who underwent different selection admission processes during a stressful examination period. A comparative
    cross-sectional study was done on two batches of first year medical students; one group selected based on academic merit (2008/2009 batch) and the other selected based on academic merit, psychometric tests and interview (2009/2010 batch). The psychological distress was measured by the 12-item general health questionnaire (GHQ-12). The data were collected right after the final examinations. A total of 99 (46.05%) medical students of the 2008/2009 batch and 196 (100%) medical students of the 2009/2010 batch participated. The percentage of medical students who had psychological distress of the 2008/2009 and the 2009/2010 batches were 58.59% and 42.3%, respectively. The mean GHQ-12 score and percentage of psychological distress were significantly different between the two batches (p< 0.01). The older batch had 2.01 times higher risk for developing psychological distress compared with the newer batch (p< 0.01). The newer batch
    of medical students had better psychological health status and was less likely to develop psychological distress during the stressful period compared with older batch.
    Matched MeSH terms: Physical Examination
  19. UV-VIS spectral evaluation of CR-39 detector exposed with diagnostic dosage
    Nur Sha'dah Z, Iskandar S, Azhar A, Suhaimi M, Nur Lina R, Halimah M
    Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:953-958.
    The effects of the X-ray irradiation and chemical etching on the physical and optical properties of cR-39 plastic detectors were investigated for different doses of X-ray. cR-39 detectors were etched in the solution of the 3 M of NaOH after irradiation for revelations of the track. The tracks formed on cR-39 either by irradiated X-ray or due to the effect of environment. The changes in the thickness after exposed have significant decrease in 60 kVp and started to increase in the range of 70 kVp up to 100 kVp due to the formation of oxidation layer on surface by free radicals. The optical band gaps before etching and after etching were determined by using Ultraviolet-visible (uv-Vis) spectroscopy. The optical band gap is attributed to the indirect transition due to its amorphous nature which is significantly decline trend energy in increase of the energy fluence of radiation. The Urbach's energy, is defined as the width of the tail localized states in the forbidden band gap which change increment trend as increase in dose delivered due to the distortion structure of the cR-39 in terms of the electron charges in valences electron hence attributes to the induced modification of angle bond between the neighboring atoms.
    Matched MeSH terms: Physical Examination
  20. Fulltext Synovial Cyst: A Culprit for Recalcitrant Iliotibial Band Syndrome: A Case Report
    Yeoh C, Lim G, Sathappan SS
    Malays Orthop J, 2015 Nov;9(3):68-70.
    PMID: 28611916 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1511.011
    We present the case of a 56-year old gentleman who presented with recalcitrant iliotibial band (ITB) friction syndrome which did not improve with various modalities of conservative treatment. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the affected knee did not show pathology typical of ITB friction syndrome. However, open exploration revealed a synovial cyst deep to the iliotibial band, abutting against the anterolateral capsule. The presence of distinctive clinical signs on physical examination should alert clinicians to consider knee synovial cyst as a differential diagnosis when dealing with recalcitrant ITB syndrome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Physical Examination
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