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Fulltext Suitability of Parkinson's patients for surgery in the north East coast of peninsular malaysia: a prospective analysis

Abdullah J, Abdullah MR

Malays J Med Sci, 2003 Jan;10(1):74-7.
PMID: 23365504 MyJurnal

There is no report in the English literature on the criteria for neuroablation or neuroaugmentation for the treatment of Parkinson's disease in a developing country like Malaysia. A prospective study of patients with Parkinson's disease from the north-eastern peninsular Malaysia was done to assess their suitability of surgery. Age, race, duration of illness and dementia were considered important factors towards the success of such surgical procedures. A mathematical model is suggested for future cases deemed to be suitable for neuroaugmentative or ablative surgery.

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups
Fulltext PIK3CA gene amplification and PI3K p110α protein expression in breast carcinoma

Firoozinia M, Zareian Jahromi M, Moghadamtousi SZ, Nikzad S, Abdul Kadir H

Int J Med Sci, 2014;11(6):620-5.
PMID: 24782652 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.8251

A family of PI3Ks is the lipid kinases, which enhance intracellular pools of phosphatidyl inositol 3,4,5-tri-phosphate (PIP3) through phosphorylating its precursor. Amplifications and deletions of genes, as well as somatic missense of the PIK3CA gene have been described in many human cancer varieties, including of the brain, colon, liver, lung and stomach. Immunohistochemistry and Real-time quantitative PCR tests were used to determine the PIK3CA gene amplification (gene copy number) and to detect protein expression, respectively. The results obtained were analysed and the ratio of PIK3CA to β-actin gene copy number was calculated. Positive gene amplification of PIK3CA was appointed as a copy number of ≥4. Also, PI3K p110α protein expression was scored from 0 to 3+ and the scores of 2+ and 3+ were considered as positive for PI3K p110α protein expression. We studied 50 breast carcinoma samples for PI3K p110α protein expression and PIK3CA gene copy numbers. In general, 36 out of 50 (72%) breast carcinoma samples showed a significant increase in PIK3CA gene amplification. 12 out of 50 (24%) showed positive staining, and 38 out of 50 (76%) showed negative staining for PI3K p110α expression. We have identified no significant relationship between PIK3CA amplification, race (p= 0.630) and histological type (p=0. 731) in breast carcinoma, but correlation of PIK3CA amplification and age showed a significant relationship (p=0. 003) between them. No significant relationship has been identified in correlation of PI3K p110α protein expression compared to age (p=0. 284), race (p=0. 546) and histological type (p=0. 285). Amplification of PIK3CA was frequent in breast carcinoma and occurs in stages of breast carcinoma. Our result shows that there is a relationship between gene amplification and age in breast carcinoma. We suggest that PIK3CA is significant in breast tumorigenesis serve as a prevalent mechanism contributes to the oncogenic activation pathway of PIK3CA in breast cancer.

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups/genetics
The applicability of Greulich and Pyle atlas to assess skeletal age for four ethnic groups

Mansourvar M, Ismail MA, Raj RG, Kareem SA, Aik S, Gunalan R, et al.

J Forensic Leg Med, 2014 Feb;22:26-9.
PMID: 24485416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2013.11.011

Recently, determination of skeletal age, defined as the assessment of bone age, has rapidly become an important task between forensic experts and radiologists. The Greulich-Pyle (GP) atlas is one of the most frequently used methods for the assessment of skeletal age around the world. After presentation of the GP approach for the estimation of the bone age, much research has been conducted to examine the usability of this method in various geographic or ethnic categories. This study investigates on a small-scale and compares the reliability of the GP atlas for assessment of the bone age for four ethnic groups - Asian, African/American, Caucasian and Hispanic - for a different range of ages.

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups*
Fulltext Racial variations in booking haemoglobin of primigravidae in Malaysia: a prospective study

Tan ACC, Leong EWK, Chua AC, Moy FM

BMC Res Notes, 2013;6:173.
PMID: 23634656 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-173

BACKGROUND: Variations in racial haemoglobin had been previously described in multiple studies locally and abroad. This study was conducted to quantify the differences in haemoglobin of booking primigravidae amongst the three major races in Malaysia at the antenatal clinic of University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur.
FINDINGS: One year prospective study of booking full blood count sample of primigravidae taken in one centre was conducted. Multiple comparative analyses of the booking haemoglobin were performed using the One-way ANOVA comparative mean test in each trimester. 622 primigravidae without any known history of haematological disorders were recruited into the study. The mean haemoglobin for the Indian race was the lowest compared to the two other races in the second and the third trimesters, and it was found to be statistically significant lower (p- value 0.001) than the Malay race in the second trimester. It was also found that the Indian race had a significantly higher incidence of moderate to severe anaemia (p- value: 0.029). The prevalence of anaemia in our study population is also significantly higher in the Indian population (p- value: 0.01 ).
CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this study have established that there is racial preponderance to anaemia in pregnancy. The Indian race is at a higher risk of having anaemia in pregnancy particularly in the second trimester.
Study site: Antenatal clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups*
Development of an algorithm of satellite markers for monitoring chimerism status in post-allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients

Choong SS, Rosmanizam S, Ibrahim K, Gan GG, Ariffin H

Int J Lab Hematol, 2011 Apr;33(2):182-6.
PMID: 20868447 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-553X.2010.01264.x

Analysis of variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a common method used to predict engraftment status in post-allogeneic haematopoeitic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients. Different populations have different copies of repeated DNA sequence and hence, different percentage of informativeness between patient and donor.

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups/genetics
Fulltext Parasitic infections among Orang Asli (aborigine) in the Cameron Highlands, Malaysia

Hakim SL, Gan CC, Malkit K, Azian MN, Chong CK, Shaari N, et al.

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2007 May;38(3):415-9.
PMID: 17877212

In April 2004, an outbreak of acute diarrheal illness occurred among the Orang Asli (aborigine) in the Cameron Highlands, Pahang State, Peninsular Malaysia, where rotavirus was later implicated as the cause. In the course of the epidemic investigation, stool samples were collected and examined for infectious agents including parasites. Soil transmitted helminthes (STH), namely Ascaris lumbricoides (25.7%), Trichuris trichiura (31.1%) and hookworm (8.1%), and intestinal protozoa, which included Giardia lamblia (17.6%), Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (9.4%), Blastocystis hominis (8.1%) and Cryptosporidium parvum (2.7%), were detected. Forty-four (59.5%) were infected with at least one parasite, 24 (32.4%), 12 (16.2%) and 8 (10.8%) had single, double and triple parasitic infections, respectively. STH were prevalent with infections occurring as early as in infancy. Giardia lamblia, though the most commonly found parasite in samples from symptomatic subjects, was within the normally reported rate of giardiasis among the various communities in Malaysia, and was an unlikely cause of the outbreak. However, heavy pre-existing parasitic infections could have contributed to the severity of the rotavirus diarrheal outbreak.

Matched MeSH terms: Population Groups*
Fulltext Deep whole-genome sequencing of 100 southeast Asian Malays

Wong LP, Ong RT, Poh WT, Liu X, Chen P, Li R, et al.

Am J Hum Genet, 2013 Jan 10;92(1):52-66.
PMID: 23290073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.12.005

Whole-genome sequencing across multiple samples in a population provides an unprecedented opportunity for comprehensively characterizing the polymorphic variants in the population. Although the 1000 Genomes Project (1KGP) has offered brief insights into the value of population-level sequencing, the low coverage has compromised the ability to confidently detect rare and low-frequency variants. In addition, the composition of populations in the 1KGP is not complete, despite the fact that the study design has been extended to more than 2,500 samples from more than 20 population groups. The Malays are one of the Austronesian groups predominantly present in Southeast Asia and Oceania, and the Singapore Sequencing Malay Project (SSMP) aims to perform deep whole-genome sequencing of 100 healthy Malays. By sequencing at a minimum of 30× coverage, we have illustrated the higher sensitivity at detecting low-frequency and rare variants and the ability to investigate the presence of hotspots of functional mutations. Compared to the low-pass sequencing in the 1KGP, the deeper coverage allows more functional variants to be identified for each person. A comparison of the fidelity of genotype imputation of Malays indicated that a population-specific reference panel, such as the SSMP, outperforms a cosmopolitan panel with larger number of individuals for common SNPs. For lower-frequency (<5%) markers, a larger number of individuals might have to be whole-genome sequenced so that the accuracy currently afforded by the 1KGP can be achieved. The SSMP data are expected to be the benchmark for evaluating the value of deep population-level sequencing versus low-pass sequencing, especially in populations that are poorly represented in population-genetics studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Population Groups/genetics
Investigation of class characteristics in English handwriting of the three main racial groups: Chinese, Malay and Indian in Singapore

Cheng N, Lee GK, Yap BS, Lee LT, Tan SK, Tan KP

J Forensic Sci, 2005 Jan;50(1):177-84.
PMID: 15831016

This paper investigated the class characteristics in English handwriting of the Chinese, Malays and Indians in Singapore, many of whom learned their native language as a second language. One hundred and fifty-four handwriting exemplars were collected and features such as letter designs, pen-lifts, letter spacing and embellishments were studied. A number of characteristic features peculiar to the individual racial group were identified, which confirmed the impact of their native language writing systems on English handwriting.

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups*
Racial differences in the prevalence of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in Singapore

Lee YM, Fock K, See SJ, Ng TM, Khor C, Teo EK

J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2000 Jun;15(6):622-5.
PMID: 10921415

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rates of inflammatory bowel disease in the different races in Singapore.
METHODS: The patients studied consisted of 58 people with an established diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) as determined by a combination of clinical, radiological, endoscopic and histological criteria. The patients were residents of a well-defined geographical area in the northern part of Singapore and had been referred to the single regional hospital. Epidemiological data including sex, age, ethnicity, family history and disease type and extent were collected from case records and patient interviews.
RESULTS: There were 37 UC and 21 CD patients. Of the patients with UC, 67.5% were Chinese, 13.5% were Malay and 19% were Indian. The CD group consisted of 81% Chinese, 9.5% Malay and 9.5% Indian patients. The study population from which the patients were drawn was approximately 0.5 million in size.
CONCLUSIONS: The overall prevalence of UC was 6 per 100,000 and of CD was 3.6 per 100,000 in Singapore. There were disproportionately more Indians suffering from UC, with a prevalence of 16.2 per 100,000 in comparison with six per 100,000 for Chinese and seven per 100 000 for Malays. The relative risk of UC in Indians is 2.9-fold greater than for the Chinese (CI= 1.25-6.7) which was statistically significant. This trend was not seen for CD.

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups*
Racial background is a determinant factor in the maintenance dosage of warfarin

Gan GG, Teh A, Goh KY, Chong HT, Pang KW

Int J Hematol, 2003 Jul;78(1):84-6.
PMID: 12894858

Warfarin is a drug commonly used in the prevention of thromboembolic events. There have been reports suggesting that racial background may influence warfarin dose requirements. Malaysia is a multiracial country in which there are 3 major races, Malay, Chinese, and Indian. We examined 100 patients from our hospital on stable maintenance doses of warfarin, with international normalized ratio (INR) of 2.0 to 3.5. We found that the mean warfarin dose for Indian patients (n = 19) was 6.9 mg, for Chinese patients (n = 55) was 3.6 mg, and for Malay patients (n = 26) was 3.2 mg. The results showed that the Indian patients required a statistically significantly higher warfarin dose than did patients of the other 2 races (P < .0005). Age was also found to affect the daily warfarin maintenance dose.

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups*
Disease, race, and empire

Anderson W

Bull Hist Med, 1996;70(1):62-7.
PMID: 8850070
Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups*
Ethnic and other factors affecting birthweight in Singapore

Viegas OA, Ratnam SS, Cole TJ

Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1989 Aug;29(4):289-95.
PMID: 2571528

Data on 1800 term babies, 600 from each of the Chinese, Malay and Indian racial groups, were used to identify the factors affecting birthweight in Singapore. After adjustment for gestation, maternal height and other variables, the mean Indian birthweight was 100 g less than for the Chinese (P less than 0.001), 0.001), while the Malays averaged 33 g less than the Chinese. The shortfall in Indian birthweight is thought to be due, at least partly, to environmental factors.

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups*
Fulltext Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of Malaysian children

Omar AH, Henry RL

Med J Malaysia, 1991 Mar;46(1):82-7.
PMID: 1836043

Prediction equations for peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of Malay, Chinese and Indian children were obtained by analysing 1020 PEFR recordings of children free of respiratory symptoms and illnesses. Boys had significantly higher PEFR than girls. For both sexes the highest levels of PEFR were observed in Malays and the lowest in Indians. The differences between Malay and Chinese boys were not statistically significant but the levels of PEFR for Malay and Chinese boys were significantly higher than those for Indian boys. In girls the differences among the ethnic groups were not statistically significant. Although ethnic differences were observed in boys these differences might not be clinically important. A common prediction equation for each sex should be both practical and accurate. When compared with predicted levels for white American and Australian children the predicted levels of PEFR of Malaysian children were found to be lower; these differences could be clinically important and the use of standards for Western children when assessing Malaysian children might not be appropriate.

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups*
Fulltext The natural infection of wild animals in West Malaysia with nymphs of Armillifer moniliformis (Diesing, 1835) Sambon, 1922

Krishnasamy M, Singh I, de Witt GF, Ambu S

Malays J Pathol, 1981 Aug;4:29-34.
PMID: 7186601
Matched MeSH terms: Animal Population Groups/parasitology*
Validity of body composition methods across ethnic population groups

Deurenberg P, Deurenberg-Yap M

Acta Diabetol, 2003 Oct;40 Suppl 1:S246-9.
PMID: 14618484

Most in vivo body composition methods rely on assumptions that may vary among different population groups as well as within the same population group. The assumptions are based on in vitro body composition (carcass) analyses. The majority of body composition studies were performed on Caucasians and much of the information on validity methods and assumptions were available only for this ethnic group. It is assumed that these assumptions are also valid for other ethnic groups. However, if apparent differences across ethnic groups in body composition 'constants' and body composition 'rules' are not taken into account, biased information on body composition will be the result. This in turn may lead to misclassification of obesity or underweight at an individual as well as a population level. There is a need for more cross-ethnic population studies on body composition. Those studies should be carried out carefully, with adequate methodology and standardization for the obtained information to be valuable.

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups*
Characteristics of normal labour among different racial groups in Malaysia

Lim MA, Wong WP, Sinnathuray TA

Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 1977 Aug;84(8):600-4.
PMID: 889748

The characteristics of normal labour in 977 Malay, Chinese and Indian parturients were established from a retrospective study. Indian babies were found to be significantly smaller than Malay babies which were significantly smaller than Chinese babies (P less than 0-05, P less than 0-05). The mean duration of the first stage of labour taken from the time of admission to the labour ward was 3-4 hours in primiparae and 2-7 hours in multiparae. The mean durations of the second stage of labour were 23-7 minutes and 13-1 minutes respectively. Curves of mean dilatation of cervix and probit analysis at 80% revealed significant differences in the progress of normal labour in primiparae among the three racial groups. The Indian primiparae not only had a slower rate of cervical dilatation but seemed to reach the accelerated phase of dilatation later. No significant differences were noticed in the labours of multiparae.

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups*
Caries prevalence in different racial groups of schoolchildren in West Malaysia

Yassin I, Low T

Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 1975 Aug;3(4):179-83.
PMID: 1056826

A dental health survey of 15,197 schoolchildren age 6-18 years was conducted in West Malaysia. The caries experience in the permanent teeth of the three racial groups, namely Malay, Chinese and Indian/Pakistani, showed a distinct variation. The prevalence was highest among the Chinese children, being about twice that of the Malay and Indian/Pakistani children. In the primary dentition, however, the caries experience in the three racial groups was comparable. An analysis of the factors contributing to the racial variation showed that dietary influence was not the only factor responsible. The possibility of a racial variation in caries susceptibility has been postulated. In the primary dentition the similar caries experience observed in the three groups of children was most probably due to the widespread occurrence of rampant caries which would heavily weight the dift score of the children in all three groups. The need to fluoridate the public water supply as an effective preventive measure is emphasized.

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups*
Effect of age, weight, race and sex on blood pressure and erythrocyte sodium pump characteristics

Adeeb N, Ton SH, Muslim N

Clin Exp Hypertens A, 1990;12(6):1115-34.
PMID: 2173984

In order to examine whether erythrocyte membrane handling of sodium is influenced by factors other than hypertension, measurements of red cell sodium transport were studied in one hundred normotensive volunteers. Erythrocyte sodium content was found to increase with increasing age, body weight and mean arterial pressure (MAP). It is also significantly correlated with age, body weight and MAP. Total sodium efflux was found to be reduced and negatively correlated with age and body weight. A reduction in ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux was also observed with increasing age and body weight. In males, the rate of ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux is higher than in females. Race was found to have no effect on erythrocyte electrolyte content and cationic flux rates of subjects. These data suggest that when studies in hypertension are going to be carried out, control subjects carefully matched for age, body weight and sex should be used if confounding results are not to be obtained.

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups*
Gc subtyping in Malaysians and in Indonesians from north Sumatra

Tan SG, Gan YY, Asuan K, Abdullah F

Hum Genet, 1981;59(1):75-6.
PMID: 10819027

Malays, Chinese and Indians from peninsular Malaysia; Ibans and Bidayuh from Sarawak state, Northern Borneo; and Bataks, Minangkabau and Javanese from North Sumatra, Indonesia, were subtyped for Gc (group-specific component) by polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing. All eight populations investigated were found to be polymorphic for three common alleles, Gc1F, Gc1S and Gc2.

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups/genetics*
Plasma pepsinogen levels in three races of Malaysia

Alhady SM, Buttery JE

Med J Aust, 1970 Jan 31;1(5):218-9.
PMID: 4908222
Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups*

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