Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 342 in total

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  1. Noriah Jamal, Humairah Samad Cheung, Siti Kamariah Che Mohamad, Ellyda Muhamad Nordin
    MyJurnal
    This paper aims at presenting preliminary results of a survey on physical factors, namely tube
    potential (kV), tube current exposure time product (mAs) and compressed breast thickness (CBT)
    during voluntary mammography screening using Full-Field Digital Mammography (FFDM) System
    in Malaysia. Retrospective data were collected from 1128 FFDM images of 282 women from three
    major ethnic groups (Malay, Chinese and Indian) who underwent voluntary screening
    mammography at Breast Centre, International Islamic University Malaysia from January to March
    2008. Results from the present study were then compared with results from the previous study on
    Screen-Film Mammography System (SFM) according to the ethnic group for both Cranio-caudal
    (CC) and Mediol-Lateral (MLO) views. We found that the mean kV for CC view for the three ethnic
    groups are Malay (28), Chinese (28) and Indian (28), and for MLO view are Malay (29), Chinese
    (28) and Indian (29). These values are higher than the kV for SFM which were Malay (26), Chinese
    (27) and Indian (26) for CC and Malay (26), Chinese (27) and Indian (26) for CC and MLO views
    respectively. The mean mAs for CC and MLO views for FFDM were lower compared to SFM
    systems. These values were Malay (104), Chinese (108) and Indian (91) for CC views and Malay
    (106), Chinese (105), and Indian (94) for MLO views for the FFDM system. The values for SFM
    system are for CC and MLO views were Malay (120), Chinese (106) and Indian (126), and Malay
    (166), Chinese (132), Indian (183) respectively. The median CBT for CC and MLO views increased
    by 27% and 7% respectively on the FFDM compared to the SFM system. In conclusion, the FFDM
    operates with higher kV, lower mAs, and higher CBT when compared with SFM system. Median
    CBT on CC and MLO view with FFDM system are 27% and 7% higher respectively compared to
    the SFM. We are currently collecting data on mean glandular dose with FFDM systems to assess
    how the change in local mammography practice influences this value. This will allow comparison
    with related data from other parts of the world.
    Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
  2. Chuah, U.C., Kamarul, T., Sara, T.
    JUMMEC, 2006;9(2):28-31.
    MyJurnal
    Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue is a highly malignant condition and results in high mortality and morbidity in patients despite its early detection (1). Early surgical interventions have been found to reduce mortality but in many reports, tongue reconstructions using live grafts have been found to reduce normal tongue function of speech, swallow and taste. In contrast, our report using free radial forearm flap (FRFF) to reconstruct the defect left over after a radical tongue resection in a 38-year-old gentleman with oral cancer has shown promising results. This type of reconstruction has left the patient with a functional and cosmetically acceptable tongue with minimal alteration in recognizable speech.
    Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
  3. Mohaideen Sitheeque, Zulkifli Ahmad, Rajan Saini
    MyJurnal
    The objective of this survey was to evaluate the knowledge of final year dental and medical students of Universiti Sains Malaysia concerning epidemiology, aetiology, clinical aspects, prevention, early detection and treatment of oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). A pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire with 36 questions was used. Forty five dental students and 147 medical students participated in the study. Dental students were relatively better informed than their medical colleagues concerning most issues addressed in the questionnaire. Yet, in some areas of knowledge, the dental students did not differ significantly from their medical colleagues. Only a small proportion of both groups of students expressed confidence in their knowledge and skills in oral cancer prevention and detection. This study revealed areas of deficiency in the awareness of these students concerning oral cancer and OPMD. It points to a necessity to strengthen these aspects of medical and dental undergraduate curricula.
    Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
  4. Haque AT, Mohd Hisham MA, Ahmad Adzman NA, Azudin NA, Shafri NB, Haque M
    Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol, 2016 Oct-Dec;37(4):286-292.
    PMID: 28144097 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5851.195752
    Breast cancer (BC) is a major life-threatening problem and a global concern including Malaysia. BC is an equal threat for both developing and developed countries. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between sociodemographic factors with knowledge, attitude, and perception on BC screening among the females of University Kuala Lumpur, Royal College of Medicine Perak (UniKL RCMP).
    Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
  5. Chiu PWY, Uedo N, Singh R, Gotoda T, Ng EKW, Yao K, et al.
    Gut, 2019 02;68(2):186-197.
    PMID: 30420400 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317111
    BACKGROUND: This is a consensus developed by a group of expert endoscopists aiming to standardise the preparation, process and endoscopic procedural steps for diagnosis of early upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancers.

    METHOD: The Delphi method was used to develop consensus statements through identification of clinical questions on diagnostic endoscopy. Three consensus meetings were conducted to consolidate the statements and voting. We conducted a systematic literature search on evidence for each statement. The statements were presented in the second consensus meeting and revised according to comments. The final voting was conducted at the third consensus meeting on the level of evidence and agreement.

    RESULTS: Risk stratification should be conducted before endoscopy and high risk endoscopic findings should raise an index of suspicion. The presence of premalignant mucosal changes should be documented and use of sedation is recommended to enhance detection of superficial upper GI neoplasms. The use of antispasmodics and mucolytics enhanced visualisation of the upper GI tract, and systematic endoscopic mapping should be conducted to improve detection. Sufficient examination time and structured training on diagnosis improves detection. Image enhanced endoscopy in addition to white light imaging improves detection of superficial upper GI cancer. Magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging is recommended for characterisation of upper GI superficial neoplasms. Endoscopic characterisation can avoid unnecessary biopsy.

    CONCLUSION: This consensus provides guidance for the performance of endoscopic diagnosis and characterisation for early gastric and oesophageal neoplasia based on the evidence. This will enhance the quality of endoscopic diagnosis and improve detection of early upper GI cancers.

    Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
  6. Subha ST, Abu-Bakar S, Prepageran N
    Iran J Otorhinolaryngol, 2019 Sep;31(106):315-318.
    PMID: 31598500
    Introduction: Parotid gland squamous cell carcinoma is an uncommon aggressive neoplasm with poor prognosis. Aural polyps are usually the presenting features of chronic suppurative otitis media, tuberculous otitis media, and adenoma or carcinoma. The malignant aural polyp is very rare. Parotid gland carcinoma masquerading as an aural polyp has rarely been described in the literature.

    Case Report: We report a case study of parotid squamous cell carcinoma in a 29-year-old male masquerading as an ear polyp.

    Conclusion: Parotid gland primary squamous cell carcinoma is a rapidly advancing neoplasm which carries poor prognosis despite multimodality treatment. Diligent clinical and histopathological evaluation is imperative to discriminate this rare aggressive disease from the metastatic and other primary cancers of the parotid. A high index of suspicion is crucial in refractory aural polyps to arrive at early diagnosis.

    Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
  7. Song HJ, Kim JD, Park CY, Kim YS, Jeong KS
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:1671-1676.
    This study compares the diagnostic performance of urine and serum multiple biomarkers for early diagnosis of ovarian
    cancer. The sample population includes 119 benign and 101 ovarian cancer patients. The marker combinations used
    to compare performance include 16 markers whose concentration values were obtained using the Luminex assay. In
    order to identify an optimal marker combination that could classify ovarian cancer and benign patients, the area under
    the curve (AUC) is used to evaluate 2-, 3-, and 4-marker combinations and the classification is performed by using
    logistic regression. In the case of urine samples, the best AUC values are 87.89% for the 2 protein markers combination,
    90.22% for the 3 markers combination, and 92.43% for the 4 marker combination. In contrast, the best AUC values
    for serum sample are 92.4% for the 2 marker combination, 93.63% for the 3 marker combination and 94.63% for the
    4 marker combination. This study confirmed that combining multiple biomarkers could improve diagnostic accuracy.
    Even though the urine sample shows relatively lower performance than serum, urine could be utilized more widely for
    its simple usability.
    Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
  8. Newman LA, Yip CH
    JAMA Surg, 2020 04 01;155(4):279-280.
    PMID: 32096827 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2020.0280
    Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
  9. Ho, Hui Lian, Firdaus Hayati, Nornazirah Azizan, Andee Dzulkarnaen Zakaria
    MyJurnal
    Breast cancer is the number one malignancy in women worldwide. It tends to metastasize distantly via lymphatic and haematogenous route. Skeletal metastases are frequent with more than three quarter of cases in all malignant bone tumours. Breast cancer can infiltrate the axial bone especially spine, but rarely affect the temporomandibular joint. In view of its rarity and the significance of early detection, the diagnosis is always challenging and shall be considered in the differential diagnosis. We endeavour to highlight this unfortunate 37-year-old premenopausal lady who had just undergone left mastectomy and axillary dissection but was complicated with left temporomandibular joint metastasis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
  10. Nurulhuda, M. H., Norwati, D., Sit Norazlina, J., Husbani, M. A. R.
    MyJurnal
    Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among women in
    Malaysia, accounting to 32.1% of all cancer among women. Preventive activities of breast health especially
    mammogram screening was found to be effective in reducing the mortality and morbidities related to breast cancer. .
    However, the number of people who come for screening is still unsatisfactory. Many patients come in advanced stage
    of breast cancer attributed by lack of awareness and knowledge of the disease. The aim of this study was to introduce
    a multimodality online course on breast cancer and its screening; and to measure its effectiveness in providing the
    awareness and knowledge in breast cancer. Methodology: An online course was designed incorporating essential
    knowledge regarding breast cancer and its screening. Group sampling was done to sample 30 undergraduate students.
    Knowledge and awareness on breast cancer and its screening was measured using a validated questionnaire pre and
    post exposure to the online course. Results: There was significant difference in Pre- &Post-exposure test knowledge
    (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
  11. Mohd Kamil MK, Ngiu CS, Md Isa N, Yaacob Y Y, Deborah Chew CH, Wong ZQ, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2018 02;73(1):60-62.
    PMID: 29531208 MyJurnal
    Neuroendocrine neoplasm is an epithelial neoplasm with predominant neuroendocrine differentiation that can arise from many organs in the body. We reported a rare case of gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma which accounts for less than 1% of all gastric tumours that is associated with poor prognosis. The recognition of this rare tumour in early stage is challenging and high suspicious into it might bring to early detection and so forth might improve the prognostication.
    Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
  12. Ng JS, Hamilton DG
    J Med Screen, 2022 Dec;29(4):209-218.
    PMID: 35593115 DOI: 10.1177/09691413221101807
    OBJECTIVE: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has caused an indefinite delay to cancer screening programs worldwide. This study aims to explore the impact on breast cancer screening outcomes such as mammography and diagnosis rates.

    METHODS: We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, medRxiv and bioRxiv between January 2020 to October 2021 to identify studies that reported on the rates of screening mammography and breast cancer diagnosis before and during the pandemic. The effects of 'lockdown' measures, age and ethnicity on outcomes were also examined. All studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Rate ratios were calculated for all outcomes and pooled using standard inverse-variance random effects meta-analysis.

    RESULTS: We identified 994 articles, of which 7 registry-based and 24 non-registry-based retrospective cohort studies, including data on 4,860,786 and 629,823 patients respectively across 18 different countries, were identified. Overall, breast cancer screening and diagnosis rates dropped by an estimated 41-53% and 18-29% respectively between 2019 and 2020. No differences in mammogram screening rates depending on patient age or ethnicity were observed. However, countries that implemented lockdown measures were associated with a significantly greater reduction in mammogram and diagnosis rates between 2019 and 2020 in comparison to those that did not.

    CONCLUSION: The pandemic has caused a substantial reduction in the screening and diagnosis of breast cancer, with reductions more pronounced in countries under lockdown restrictions. It is early yet to know if delayed screening during the pandemic translates into higher breast cancer mortality.

    Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
  13. Huynh-Le MP, Karunamuni R, Fan CC, Asona L, Thompson WK, Martinez ME, et al.
    Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis, 2022 Apr;25(4):755-761.
    PMID: 35152271 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-022-00497-7
    BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer risk stratification using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) demonstrates considerable promise in men of European, Asian, and African genetic ancestries, but there is still need for increased accuracy. We evaluated whether including additional SNPs in a prostate cancer polygenic hazard score (PHS) would improve associations with clinically significant prostate cancer in multi-ancestry datasets.

    METHODS: In total, 299 SNPs previously associated with prostate cancer were evaluated for inclusion in a new PHS, using a LASSO-regularized Cox proportional hazards model in a training dataset of 72,181 men from the PRACTICAL Consortium. The PHS model was evaluated in four testing datasets: African ancestry, Asian ancestry, and two of European Ancestry-the Cohort of Swedish Men (COSM) and the ProtecT study. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated to compare men with high versus low PHS for association with clinically significant, with any, and with fatal prostate cancer. The impact of genetic risk stratification on the positive predictive value (PPV) of PSA testing for clinically significant prostate cancer was also measured.

    RESULTS: The final model (PHS290) had 290 SNPs with non-zero coefficients. Comparing, for example, the highest and lowest quintiles of PHS290, the hazard ratios (HRs) for clinically significant prostate cancer were 13.73 [95% CI: 12.43-15.16] in ProtecT, 7.07 [6.58-7.60] in African ancestry, 10.31 [9.58-11.11] in Asian ancestry, and 11.18 [10.34-12.09] in COSM. Similar results were seen for association with any and fatal prostate cancer. Without PHS stratification, the PPV of PSA testing for clinically significant prostate cancer in ProtecT was 0.12 (0.11-0.14). For the top 20% and top 5% of PHS290, the PPV of PSA testing was 0.19 (0.15-0.22) and 0.26 (0.19-0.33), respectively.

    CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate better genetic risk stratification for clinically significant prostate cancer than prior versions of PHS in multi-ancestry datasets. This is promising for implementing precision-medicine approaches to prostate cancer screening decisions in diverse populations.

    Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
  14. Garland SM, Iftner T, Cuschieri K, Kaufmann AM, Arbyn M, de Sanjose S, et al.
    J Clin Virol, 2023 Feb;159:105349.
    PMID: 36584621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105349
    We advise that only clinically validated HPV assays which have fulfilled internationally accepted performance criteria be used for primary cervical screening. Further, assays should be demonstrated to be fit for purpose in the laboratory in which they will ultimately be performed, and quality materials manuals and frameworks will be helpful in this endeavor. Importantly, there is a fundamental shortage of well validated, low-cost, low complexity HPV tests that have demonstrated utility in a near-patient setting; representing a significant challenge and focus for future development in order to reach the WHO's goal of eliminating cervical cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
  15. Htay MNN, Schliemann D, Dahlui M, Cardwell CR, Loh SY, Tamin NSBI, et al.
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 Sep 03;18(17).
    PMID: 34501903 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179311
    Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women globally, including in Malaysia. There is a need to assess women's beliefs about BC and screening in different cultural settings. This study aimed to translate and validate an adapted version of the United States (US) Champion Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS) for an investigation of predictors of BC screening in Malaysia. The CHBMS was adapted, and forward and backward translated into the Malay language. The validity and reliability of the CHBMS-BC-M (M for Malay language) was investigated in a community sample of 251 multi-ethnic Malay-speaking women. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation indicated that the structure of the adapted CHBMS-BC-M comprised three subscales with 21 items, and an Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI) of 0.83 and above for all items. The explanatory factor analysis (EFA) showed acceptable to high factor loadings on items. Cronbach's alpha for the subscales ranged from 0.59 to 0.87. The reproducibility of the scale was fair to high, with an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.53 to 0.80 for the subscales. Overall, the analysis indicated that the translated CHBMS-BC-M is a valid and reliable scale to measure beliefs about BC and screening in the Malay-speaking ethnic population of Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
  16. Ahmed Shaker Hegian Z, Moh'd Abu Tahoun L, Ramli RM, Noor Azman NZ
    Radiat Prot Dosimetry, 2023 Dec 29;200(1):25-31.
    PMID: 37738470 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad259
    The mean glandular dose (MGD) is a measurement used in mammography to assess the amount of radiation absorbed. By considering specific exposure radiation dose criteria, MGD ensures minimal radiation while maintaining image quality for detecting abnormalities. The relationship between MGD and compressed breast thickness (CBT) is commonly utilized in mammographic dose surveys. This study aims to estimate the MGD-CBT relationship based on patient age in Jordan through retrospective analysis. The analysis involved 3465 screening mammography images of women aged 40-80, divided into three age groups: 40-49, 50-64 and 65-80 years. Each group had a specific CBT range (16.5-156 mm). The results indicate that MGD ranges from 1.6 to 1.7 mGy across all three age groups, independent of CBT. Thus, a significant and positive correlation exists between MGD and CBT in all age groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
  17. Schliemann D, Htay MNN, Dahlui M, Paramasivam D, Cardwell CR, Ibrahim Tamin NSB, et al.
    BMJ Open, 2020 Aug 20;10(8):e036503.
    PMID: 32819988 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036503
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of a mass media campaign in terms of improving breast cancer (BC) symptoms awareness and screening uptake.

    DESIGN: Before-and after-study with comparator groups.

    SETTING: Selangor State, Malaysia.

    PARTICIPANTS: Malaysian women aged >40 years (n=676) from randomly selected households.

    INTERVENTION: A culturally adapted mass media campaign (TV, radio, print media and social media).

    PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary endpoint was BC symptoms awareness, which was assessed with the Breast Cancer Awareness Measure precampaign and postcampaign. Secondary outcomes included campaign reach, self-efficacy to notice BC symptoms and clinical outcomes. Clinical breast examination and mammogram screening data were collected from hospitals and clinics.

    RESULTS: Most participants recognised at least one of the campaign materials (65.2%). The odds of seeing the campaign were lowest for Chinese women (adjusted OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.40) compared with Malays and for women aged >70 years (adjusted OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.94) compared with younger women. Participants who recognised the campaign were significantly more likely to have improved awareness postcampaign compared with non-recognisers particularly for key symptoms such as 'a lump or thickening in your breast' (88.9% vs 62.1%) and 'discharge or bleeding from nipple' (79.7% vs 55.3%). Improvement in symptoms awareness scores was not associated with sociodemographic variables.

    CONCLUSIONS: Implementation in Malaysia of an evidence-based mass media campaign from the UK that was culturally adapted appeared to lead to improved awareness about some BC symptoms, though various modes of media communication and perhaps other health education approaches may be required to extend the reach to diverse, multiethnic populations and all age groups.

    Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
  18. Ng KH, Lau S
    Med Phys, 2015 Dec;42(12):7059-77.
    PMID: 26632060 DOI: 10.1118/1.4935141
    Breast density is a strong predictor of the failure of mammography screening to detect breast cancer and is a strong predictor of the risk of developing breast cancer. The many imaging options that are now available for imaging dense breasts show great promise, but there is still the question of determining which women are "dense" and what imaging modality is suitable for individual women. To date, mammographic breast density has been classified according to the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) categories from visual assessment, but this is known to be very subjective. Despite many research reports, the authors believe there has been a lack of physics-led and evidence-based arguments about what breast density actually is, how it should be measured, and how it should be used. In this paper, the authors attempt to start correcting this situation by reviewing the history of breast density research and the debates generated by the advocacy movement. The authors review the development of breast density estimation from pattern analysis to area-based analysis, and the current automated volumetric breast density (VBD) analysis. This is followed by a discussion on seeking the ground truth of VBD and mapping volumetric methods to BI-RADS density categories. The authors expect great improvement in VBD measurements that will satisfy the needs of radiologists, epidemiologists, surgeons, and physicists. The authors believe that they are now witnessing a paradigm shift toward personalized breast screening, which is going to see many more cancers being detected early, with the use of automated density measurement tools as an important component.
    Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer/methods*
  19. Juliana N, Shahar S, Chelliah KK, Ghazali AR, Osman F, Sahar MA
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2014;15(14):5759-65.
    PMID: 25081698
    Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a potential supplement for mammogram screening. This study aimed to evaluate and feasibility of EIT as opposed to mammography and to determine pain perception with both imaging methods. Women undergoing screening mammography at the Radiology Department of National University of Malaysia Medical Centre were randomly selected for EIT imaging. All women were requested to give a pain score after each imaging session. Two independent raters were chosen to define the image findings of EIT. A total of 164 women in the age range from 40 to 65-year-old participated and were divided into two groups; normal and abnormal. EIT sensitivity and specificity for rater 1 were 69.4% and 63.3, whereas for rater 2 they were 55.3% and 57.0% respectively. The reliability for each rater ranged between good to very good (p<0.05). Quantitative values of EIT showed there were significant differences in all values between groups (ANCOVA, p<0.05). Interestingly, EIT scored a median pain score of 1.51±0.75 whereas mammography scored 4.15±0.87 (Mann Whitney U test, p<0.05). From these quantitative values, EIT has the potential as a health discriminating index. Its ability to replace image findings from mammography needs further investigation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer/methods*
  20. Farid ND, Aziz NA, Al-Sadat N, Jamaludin M, Dahlui M
    PLoS One, 2014;9(9):e106469.
    PMID: 25188003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106469
    Breast cancer is the most common cause of deaths and the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of breast cancer screening, specifically on clinical breast examination, and the predictors of its uptake among women in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was carried out in five selected districts whereby women aged between 20 to 64 years old, from a total of 1000 households were interviewed. A total of 1192 women responded to the survey of which 53.3% reported had ever done clinical breast examination. Significant associations with clinical breast examination were noted for income and distance from the hospital. These factors should be considered in developing interventions aimed at promoting clinical breast examination. In particular, healthcare providers should be proactive in raising awareness about clinical breast examination among women in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer/methods*
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