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  1. Ahmad MA, Ajit Singh DK, Chua WQ, Abd Rahman NNA, Mohd Padzil FA, Hendri ENM
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2018;16(101):171-177.
    MyJurnal
    Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic joint disease that results in pain and disability in many people. Cultural practice may influence patients’ views about their condition, its related issues and management. The aim of our study was to explore the perspective about knee OA and its related issues among Malaysian patients with knee OA. Twelve patients diagnosed with knee OA (8 females and 4 males) attending physiotherapy sessions at a University Hospital, mean age (SD): 67.1(9.4) years and median visual analog scale score of 5/10 participated in this qualitative study. One to one in-depth interviews were conducted, audio recorded and later transcribed verbatim. Three main themes were identified from the transcribed data; knee pain and its’ related issues (reason and aggravating factors of knee pain, coping strategies), impact of knee pain (impact on daily activities and emotions) and physiotherapy management (effects and expectations of physiotherapy, compliance and adherence towards home exercises). Most participants expressed that their knee pain was aggravated by certain movements that had an effect on their daily activities namely squatting. The findings also suggested that physiotherapy management was perceived as secondary prevention rather than a cure. Findings from this study provides information about the perceptions and related issues of patients with knee OA. This information may help health professionals in tailoring patient-centered care and provide better management.
    Study site: Physiotherapy department, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, University
  2. Tan HS
    Family Practitioner, 1988;11(1):53-5.
    The Department of Primary Care Medicine was established in UHKL in 1987. This article examines the philosophy of primary care, the clinical services provided by UHKL Family Practice Clinic and the quality assurance activities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, University
  3. Tan CT
    Family Practitioner, 1982;5(3):61-62.
    A study of 50 healthy nurses from the University Hospital showed that 72% had chronic headache. Among those who had chronic headache, 33% were due to migraine. Another 30% were probable migraine subjects and 33% suffered from tension headache. Twenty two nurses had headache more than once a month and 18 nurses described the headache as moderate to severe. The common precipitating factors mentioned were tension, exposure to the sun, lack of sleep and menstruation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, University
  4. Norwati Daud, Harmy Mohd Yusoff, Mohd Ezane Aziz
    MyJurnal
    In Malaysia, chest radiograph is a part of compulsory investigations during routine medical examination. Majority of these chest radiographs are interpreted by medical officers at the outpatient clinic. This study was to determine the concordance of chest radiograph interpretations between medical officers and radiologist. Medical officers' report of routine chest radiographs at the outpatient clinic Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia over a 6-month period were compared to that of a radiologist. Of 408 chest radiographs reported, the concordance of interpretation between medical officers and radiologist was 93.6% (382 of 408). Medical officers correctly interpret 98.2% (378/385) of normal chest radiograph compared to 17.4% of abnormal chest radiographs (4/23). Therefore, routine chest radiograph interpretations of normal radiographs by medical officers were generally accurate. However, they were weak in interpreting abnormal chest radiographs. Medical officers need to be trained on detecting abnormalities on chest X-ray since most routine chest X-ray reporting is done based on their interpretation.

    Study site: outpatient clinic Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, University
  5. Loke KH
    Family Practitioner, 1988;11(1&2):40-45.
    Some epidemiological aspects of antepartum psychoses have been discussed and wherever possible, are compared with some Western studies. On the whole, the disorder appears to be associated with the young lower social class Chinese lady who has family and / or marital relationship conflicts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, University
  6. Sinniah D, Tan HM, Lin HP, Looi LM
    Singapore Med J, 1981 Jun;22(3):158-65.
    PMID: 7302623
    A review of rhabdomyosarcoma in childhood reveals that the pattern and results of treatment have changed with the introduction of multimodal therapy. Outcome in our series have been poor due to advanced disease, poor compliance to follow up resulting from poor socio-economics and educational levels of our patients and their faith in traditional medicine. Improvement in the prognosis can only be anticipated with earlier diagnosis and reduction in defaulter rate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, University
  7. Kheng CP, Rahman NH
    Int J Emerg Med, 2012;5(1):31.
    PMID: 22828152 DOI: 10.1186/1865-1380-5-31
    BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) monitoring in hypotensive shock patients presenting to the ED.
    METHODS: This was a prospective observational study in a tertiary ED. One hundred three adults in shock with hypotension presenting to the ED were recruited into the study. They were grouped according to different types of shock, hypovolemic, cardiogenic, septic and others. Vital signs and ETCO2 were measured on presentation and at 30-min intervals up to 120 min. Blood gases and serum lactate levels were obtained on arrival. All patients were managed according to standard protocols and treatment regimes. Patient survival up to hospital admission and at 30 days was recorded.
    RESULTS: Mean ETCO2 for all patients on arrival was 29.07 ± 9.96 mmHg. Average ETCO2 for patients in hypovolemic, cardiogenic and septic shock was 29.64 ± 11.49, 28.60 ± 9.87 and 27.81 ± 7.39 mmHg, respectively. ETCO2 on arrival was positively correlated with systolic and diastolic BP, MAP, bicarbonate, base excess and lactate when analyzed in all shock patients. Early ETCO2 measurements were found to be significantly lower in patients who did not survive to hospital admission (p = 0.005). All patients who had ETCO2 ≤ 12mmHg died in the ED. However, normal ETCO2 does not ensure patient survival.
    CONCLUSION: The use of ETCO2 in the ED has great potential to be used as a method of non-invasive monitoring of patients in shock.
    Study site: Emergency department, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, University
  8. Rahman NH, Ananthanosamy C
    Int J Emerg Med, 2014;7:36.
    PMID: 25635196 DOI: 10.1186/s12245-014-0036-1
    BACKGROUND: Acute pain assessment in the emergency department (ED) is important in particular during the triage process. Early pain assessment and management improve outcome. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of documentation and display of patient's self-assessment of pain using numerical rating scale (NRS) on analgesic use among adult trauma patients in ED.
    METHODS: A randomized control trial was conducted recruiting 216 trauma patients who presented to ED of two tertiary centers. Pain score was done using NRS for all patients. They were randomized into pain score display group or not displayed in the control. The outcome measured were proportion of patients receiving analgesics and timing from triage to analgesic administration.
    RESULTS: The proportion of patients who received analgesics when pain score was displayed was 6.5% more than when pain score was not displayed. This difference was however not statistically significant. However, stratified categorical analysis using chi-square showed that the displayed severe pain group was 1.3 times more likely to receive analgesics compared to the non-displayed group. The mean timing to analgesic administration for the displayed and non-displayed groups were 81.3 ± 41.2 (95% C.I 65.9, 96.7) and 88.7 ± 45.4 (95% C.I 69.0, 108.3), respectively (p > 0.05).
    CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of patients who received analgesics increased when NRS was displayed. However, the pain display has no significant effect on the timing of analgesics.
    KEYWORDS: Acute pain; Analgesic; Pain score; Triage
    Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, University
  9. Ng CG, Chin SC, Yee AH, Loh HS, Sulaiman AH, Sherianne Sook Kuan W, et al.
    Malays J Med Sci, 2014 May;21(3):62-70.
    PMID: 25246837
    BACKGROUND: The Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) is a self-assessment scale designed to evaluate anhedonia in various psychiatric disorders. In order to facilitate its use in Malaysian settings, our current study aimed to examine the validity of a Malay-translated version of the SHAPS (SHAPS-M).
    METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 44 depressed patients and 82 healthy subjects were recruited from a university out-patient clinic. All participants were given both the Malay and English versions of the SHAPS, Fawcett-Clark Pleasure Scale (FCPS), General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to assess their hedonic state, general mental health condition and levels of depression.
    RESULTS: The results showed that the SHAPS-M has impressive internal consistency (α = 0.96), concurrent validity and good parallel-form reliability (intraclass coefficient, ICC = 0.65).
    CONCLUSION: In addition to demonstrating good psychometric properties, the SHAPS-M is easy to administer. Therefore, it is a valid, reliable, and suitable questionnaire for assessing anhedonia among depressed patients in Malaysia.
    KEYWORDS: Malaysia; anhedonia; depression; neuroscience; pleasure; psychiatry; psychology; validation
    Study site: Psychiatric clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, University
  10. Kubas MA, Halboup AM
    Int J Clin Pharm, 2020 Feb;42(1):51-56.
    PMID: 31713107 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-019-00936-x
    Background Studies have revealed that the inclusion of a clinical pharmacist as a member in multidisciplinary medical team has been associated with improved medication use, reduced adverse drug reaction, reduced cost of treatment, and improved health outcomes. Objective The objectives of this study were to evaluate the implementation of clinical pharmacy recommendations and services, the acceptance rate by the physicians, and the anticipated outcomes of the recommendations at a hospital in Yemen. Methods Different units of the University of Science and Technology Hospital, Sana'a were included in this study. All the recommendations and services provided by the clinical pharmacist during daily activities were documented between June 2013 and November 2015. The provided recommendations were classified based on the type, acceptance rate, and the anticipated outcomes. Main outcome measure Type and quality of clinical pharmacists' recommendations, anticipated impact of the recommendations on health outcomes, and their acceptance rate. Results Throughout the study period, a total of 957 patients in different hospital units were visited and provided with a total of 3307 interventions and services. The most frequent types of clinical pharmacist's interventions were drug discontinuation (23.6%, n = 782), inappropriate dose interval or time (n = 735, 22.2%), and add medication (18.9%, n = 626). Overall, 61.8% (n = 2044) of the provided recommendations were accepted by the physicians. The most anticipated outcomes were improved the effectiveness of therapy (45.1%, n = 1909), avoid adverse drug reactions (29%, n = 1228), and decrease the cost of medications (18.8%, n = 797). Conclusion Clinical pharmacist's recommendations resulted in improving drug therapy and decreasing adverse effects for inpatients at the University of Science and Technology Hospital. This suggests that the implementation of clinical pharmacy services is essential and has a positive outcome on patient care.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, University/standards; Hospitals, University/trends*
  11. Juliana H, Lim TA, Inbasegaran K
    Med J Malaysia, 2003 Mar;58(1):5-16.
    PMID: 14556321
    Routine ordering of pre-operative investigations yields a low true positive rate and is not cost effective. In this study, case notes of 251 adults who underwent elective surgery were reviewed. Pre-operative investigations were classified as 'indicated' or 'not indicated', based on the national guidelines. Only 56% of all tests done were indicated. The overall rates of expected and unexpected abnormal values from pre-operative blood investigations were 51.1% and 34.4% respectively. This study found that selective testing based on guidelines was beneficial. However, the results also suggest that the local guidelines need to be reviewed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, University/standards; Hospitals, University/statistics & numerical data
  12. Kusyairi KA, Gendeh BS, Sakthiswary R, Shaharir SS, Haizlene AH, Yusof KH
    Lupus, 2016 Apr;25(5):520-4.
    PMID: 26657735 DOI: 10.1177/0961203315622279
    The purpose of this study was to determine the spectrum of nasal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its association with the disease activity of SLE based on the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). This was a cross-sectional and observational study involving 73 stable SLE patients. All subjects were evaluated for the SLEDAI scores and had nasal endoscopic examination. The most commonly reported symptom was nasal congestion (31.5%) followed by nasal itchiness (26.0%), runny nose (20.5%) and nasal dryness (19.2%). Almost half (42.9%) of the subjects had nasal mucosal abnormalities, which included mucositis, crusting, ulceration, bifid middle turbinate, septal spur, Jacobson's organ, deviated nasal septum, bilateral inferior turbinate hypertrophy, everted uncinate process, nasopharynx cleft and torus palatinus. The median SLEDAI score for subjects with nasal symptoms was significantly higher than subjects without nasal symptoms (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, University
  13. Chee KH, Tan KS
    Med J Malaysia, 2014 Jun;69(3):119-23.
    PMID: 25326351 MyJurnal
    OBJECTIVES: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a well-recognised, major risk factor for ischaemic stroke. The presence of atrial fibrillation in a stroke patient translates into higher mortality rates and significant disability. There is lack of data on the impact of atrial fibrillation on stroke patients in Malaysia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of AF in a hospital setting and determine the risk factors, clinical profile and discharge outcomes in ischaemic stroke patients with and without atrial fibrillation from a tertiary centre in Malaysia.
    METHODS: This was a retrospective review of patients admitted consecutively to the University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur with the diagnosis of stroke during the first six months of 2009. The presence of AF was confirmed with a 12- lead ECG. All patients had neuroimaging with either cranial computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Other variables such as clinical features, risk factors, stroke subtypes, length of acute ward stay, complications and evaluation at discharge (mortality) with modified Rankin scale (mRS) were also recorded.
    RESULTS: A total of 207 patients were admitted with stroke during the study duration. Twenty two patients (10.6%) were found to have non valvular AF. Patients with AF were found to be older with a mean age of 71.0 ± 2.2 than those without AF with a mean age of 63.6 ± 0.89 (p<0.05). Risk factors for stroke such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension were equally common between the two groups while the proportion of patients with ischaemic heart disease was higher among patients with AF (p<0.005). Most of the stroke subtypes among patients with AF were of ischaemic type (n=192; 92.8%) while haemorrhagic stroke was uncommon (n=15; 6.2%). Patients with AF had a longer median hospital stay, higher mortality rate and greater functional disability on hospital discharge compared to non AF patients.
    CONCLUSION: The prevalence of AF among stroke patients in a tertiary centre in Malaysia was 10.6%. Stroke patients with AF were observed to have a higher mortality rate and disability on hospital discharge.
    Study site: University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, University
  14. Tan MP, Kamaruzzaman SB, Zakaria MI, Chin AV, Poi PJ
    Geriatr Gerontol Int, 2015 Jan 22.
    PMID: 25613422 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12446
    METHODS: Information on sociodemographics, dependency using the Barthel index and fall characteristics were collected from consecutive patients attending the ED over a 6-month period. Barthel score was reassessed at 12 months. Ten-year mortality data were obtained through the National Registry Department.
    RESULTS: A total of 198 participants, with a mean age (standard deviation) of 76.2 years (6.3 years) and 74% women, were recruited. Of these, 70% sustained falls indoors, while 49% of falls occurred between 06.00 to 12.00 hours. Total Barthel scores were significantly lower at 1-year follow up compared with baseline (median [interquartile range], 20 [2] vs 18 [5], P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, University
  15. Ayiesah R, Leonard JH, Chong CY
    Clin Ter, 2014;165(3):123-8.
    PMID: 24999563 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2014.1708
    OBJECTIVE: Non-adherence is a serious issue among the participants in pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP). Till date, no clinical tool is available to screen participants who will show poor adherence towards PRP. This study aimed to develop and validate a tool called "Adherence to Pulmonary Rehabilitation Questionnaire (APRQ)", a self-administered questionnaire to screen the risk of non-adherence to PRP among the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. APRQ comprises of 6 main constructs such as disease management behaviour, perceived treatment benefits, emotional factors, perceived severity of disease, barriers towards treatment and coping attitude.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a preliminary validity study carried out in the physiotherapy department and respiratory clinic in an university teaching hospital. A total of 109 patients with average age of 58.8 ± 1 year participated in the study. The inclusion criteria for subjects were: patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) (Stage II and III). Exclusion criteria include those COPD patients with mental problems and disabled patients. The tool was developed based on thematic analysis and in-depth interview with focus group and literature search on the factors that lead to non-adherence among the PRP's participants. Principal component analysis was carried out to examine the construct validity and content validity of APRQ.
    RESULTS: A total of 20 items were created under 6 constructs. However, 2 items (smoking and hospital admission) were eliminated due to poor correlations. Thus, the final version of APRQ was developed and validated with 18 items. Reliability was measured using internal consistency and achieved Cronbach's Alpha of 0.762.
    CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this preliminary study supports that APRQ may be a valid and reliable tool to screen adherence towards PRP among chronic lung disease patients.
    Study site: Respiratory clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, University
  16. Jayanath S, Lee WS, Chinna K, Boey CC
    Pediatr Int, 2014 Aug;56(4):583-7.
    PMID: 24617982 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12335
    BACKGROUND: Children with chronic illness may have depressive symptoms. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms among children attending a pediatric gastroenterology outpatient clinic in Malaysia, and whether it differed by age, gender and diagnosis.
    METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study, with data collected over a 16 month period (April 2010-July 2011). Patients aged 7-17 years on follow up at the pediatric gastroenterology clinic at University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, were recruited consecutively. They were classified into high, average and low scores based on responses to questions in the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI; high, T-score >55; average, T-score 45-55; low, T-score <45). Children with high scores were considered to have depressive symptoms.
    RESULTS: The response rate was 93%. One hundred children (44 boys; 56 girls) were studied. Major diagnoses were: functional abdominal pain (n = 22), inflammatory bowel disease (n = 26), biliary atresia (n = 17) and miscellaneous gastrointestinal conditions (n = 35). The overall prevalence of high CDI for depressive symptoms was 27.0%, while 43.0% and 30.0% had average and low scores, respectively. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of high scores among children with different diagnoses.
    CONCLUSIONS: Depressive symptoms were common among children attending a pediatric gastroenterology clinic. It is important to recognize symptoms of depression in children with gastrointestinal disorders.
    KEYWORDS: Children's Depression Inventory; depression; gastrointestinal disorders; outpatient; pediatric

    Study site: Pediatric gastroenterology clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC)
    Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, University
  17. Ibrahim O, Maskon O, Darinah N, Raymond AA, Rahman MM
    Pak J Med Sci, 2013 Nov;29(6):1319-22.
    PMID: 24550945
    OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of aspirin resistance and associated risk factors based on biochemical parameters using whole blood multiple electrode aggregometry.
    METHODS: The study was conducted at the outpatients cardiology clinic of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) from August 2011 to February 2012. Subjects on aspirin therapy were divided into two groups; first-ever coronary event and recurrent coronary event. Aspirin resistance was measured by a Multiplate(®) platelet analyser.
    RESULTS: A total of 74 patients (63 male, 11 female), with a mean age of 57.93 ± 74.1years were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into two groups -first-ever coronary event group (n=52) and recurrent coronary event group (n=22). Aspirin resistance was observed in 12 out of 74 (16%) of the study patients, which consisted of 11 patients from the first-ever coronary event group and one patient from the recurrent coronary event group. There were significant correlations between aspirin resistance and age (r = -0.627; p = 0.029), total cholesterol (r = 0.608; p = 0.036) and LDL (r = 0.694; p = 0.012). LDL was the main predictor for area under the curve (AUC) for aspirin resistance. However, there was no association between aspirin resistance and cardiovascular events in both groups in this study.
    CONCLUSIONS: Aspirin resistance was observed in 16% of the study population. LDL was the major predictor of aspirin resistance. No association was found in the study between aspirin resistance with recurrent coronary events.
    KEYWORDS: Aspirin resistance; Multiplate® platelet analyser; aspirin responsiveness; first-ever coronary event; recurrent coronary event
    Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, University
  18. Hassan R, Yusof WA, Hussain NH, Abdullah WZ
    Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus, 2012 Sep;28(3):157-61.
    PMID: 23997452 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-011-0135-6
    Menorrhagia is one of the gynecological complaints, seen in women of reproductive age. In majority of cases no organic pathology is found. To date there is no consensus on application of von Willebrand disease (vWD) testing as part of the routine investigations in menorrhagia. Diagnosis of vWD is challenging. It is complicated by intra-individual variations in von Willebrand antigen, activity, and factor VIII levels due to fluctuation of these factor levels during the menstrual cycle or hormonal therapy. The aim of this study is to detect vWD presenting with menorrhagia among Malays attending gynecology clinic by using a standard panel of haemostatic profiles. Thirty Malay patients attending gynecology clinic with unexplained menorrhagia were included in this study. Haemostatic profile such as platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), factor VIII assay, von Willebrand factor antigen, and von Willebrand factor activity, and collagen binding assay were measured in all patients. Pre- and post hormonal haemostatic profiles were also performed in the patients diagnosed as vWD. All patients had normal APTT. Based on von Willebrand factor work-up, vWD was diagnosed in four patients (13.3%). Three of them were Type 1 and the other one was Type 2M. Investigation for vWD is essential in patients with menorrhagia and thus the laboratories performing vWD testing should provide a complete panel of diagnostic work-up in order to reduce the interpretation error. Screening for vWD should be performed before hormonal treatment as haemostatic profile post treatment could mask the diagnosis.
    Study site: Gynaecology clinic, Hospital of Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kelantan, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, University
  19. Azreen AB, Kwan CY, Prepagaren N
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Dec;67(6):627-8.
    PMID: 23770962 MyJurnal
    Langerhan cell histiocytosis is a rare disease and usually occurs in paediatric age group. This disease may involve single or multiple organs system and has an unpredictable course of disease. The involvement of head and neck region are almost 90% of cases, however maxillary sinus involvement is very rare. We report a case of 2 year old boy presented with multi organ LCH (orbit, skull, sinus and liver). The mainstay treatment for this high risk multi organ LCH group is chemotherapy. Unfortunately, although with the advancement of treatment, their mortality rate is still high.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, University
  20. Chan WK, Goh KL
    Gastroenterol Res Pract, 2012;2012:561893.
    PMID: 22606201 DOI: 10.1155/2012/561893
    Aim. To evaluate patient satisfaction towards an outpatient colonoscopy service and analyze areas of dissatisfaction for potential improvement. Method. Consecutive patients attending the outpatient diagnostic colonoscopy service in University of Malaya Medical Centre between 1st February and 31th July 2010 were interviewed using a questionnaire modified from the modified Group Health Association of America-9 (mGHAA-9) questionnaire. Favorable/unfavorable responses to each question, contribution of each question to unfavorable responses, and effect of waiting times on favorable/unfavorable response rates were analyzed. Results. Interview was carried out on 426 patients (52.1% men). Mean age ± standard deviation was 61.3 ± 12.9 years old. Mean waiting times for colonoscopy appointment and on colonoscopy day were 3.8 ± 2.7 months and 1.1 ± 0.8 hours, respectively. The main factors that contributed to unfavorable responses were bowel preparation followed by waiting times for colonoscopy appointment and on colonoscopy day (32.3%, 27.5%, and 19.6%, resp.). Favorable responses diminished to undesirable levels when waiting times for colonoscopy appointment and on colonoscopy day exceeded 1 month and 1 hour, respectively. Conclusion. Bowel preparation and waiting times were main factors for patient dissatisfaction. Waiting times for colonoscopy appointment and on colonoscopy day should not exceed 1 month and 1 hour, respectively, to maintain acceptable levels of patient satisfaction.
    Study site: outpatient endoscopy, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, University
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