Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 125 in total

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  1. Apparau D, Apparau H, Mohamad I, Bhavaraju VMK
    AME Case Rep, 2018;2:4.
    PMID: 30264000 DOI: 10.21037/acr.2018.01.06
    Malignant melanoma (MM) of parotid gland is a rare condition. This pathology is often a result of secondary metastasis from primary lesions in the head and neck skin. A MM arising de novo in parotid gland is very rare. This malignant tumour is more prevalent in adults rather than children and it tends to have several distinct features. Treatment options are limited especially for an advanced lesion. Despite best treatments this condition carries a poor prognosis. This case details our experience in treating a child with MM of parotid gland without other primary cutaneous lesions.
  2. Johari HH, Khaw BL, Yusof Z, Mohamad I
    World J Clin Cases, 2016 Nov 16;4(11):375-379.
    PMID: 27900327
    Foreign body (FB) ingestion is very common in Malaysian population. The most commonly ingested FB is fish bone. Common presenting symptoms include FB sensation, odynophagia and or sharp pricking pain during swallowing. A careful history and physical examination is very important. Despite negative laryngoscopy and rigid esophagoscopy, persistent symptoms warrants further radiographic imaging studies. The FB can migrate extraluminally and involve other important adjacent structures of the neck and along the digestive tract. We report 3 cases of extraluminal migration of fish bone and their complications, which were successfully managed. One case with vascular complication which involve common carotid artery and the other two cases with neck abscess formation involving thyroid gland, retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscess.
  3. Misron K, Mohamad I, Nik Adilah NO, Johan KB
    Malays Fam Physician, 2015;10(3):43-4.
    PMID: 27570610
  4. Vengathajalam S, Maruthamuthu T, Nik Hassan NFH, Mohamad I
    Gulf J Oncolog, 2020 May;1(33):80-83.
    PMID: 32476655
    Post chemoradiation vocal cord immobility is a rare complication and this maybe life threatening when patients present with severe aspiration and recurrent pneumonia or even worse if they have an upper airway obstruction. We report a case of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patient whom after receiving curative concurrent chemoradiotherapy, presented with episodes of shortness of breath and aspiration pneumonia finally diagnosed with bilateral vocal cord immobility. She had no evidence of tumour recurrence.
  5. Yusop CYC, Mohamad I, Mohammad WMZW, Abdullah B
    J Natl Med Assoc, 2017 04 03;109(3):215-220.
    PMID: 28987252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2017.03.004
    INTRODUCTION: Obstructive sleep apnea patients may develop deficits in the cognitive domains of attention, concentration, executive function, verbal and visuospatial memory, constructional abilities, and psychomotor functioning. As cognitive performance will improve with the treatment, early screening for cognitive dysfunction should be done to prevent further deterioration.

    OBJECTIVE: We aim to evaluate the cognitive function of obstructive sleep apnea patients by using the 'Mini Mental State Examination'.

    METHODOLOGY: This was a cross sectional study to evaluate the cognitive function of moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea patients with age ranged from 18 to 60 old who attended our sleep clinic. These patients were confirmed to have moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea by Type 1 polysomnography (attended full overnight study). The age, gender and ethnicity were noted and other relevant data such as weight, height, body mass index and apnea and hypopnoea index were recorded accordingly. The cognitive function was evaluated using validated Malay version of Mini Mental State Examination which measured 5 areas of cognitive functions comprising orientation, registration, attention and calculation, word recall and language abilities, and visuospatial.

    RESULTS: A total of 38 patients participated in this study. All 19 patients of moderate group and 14 patients of severe group had normal cognitive function while only 5 patients in severe group had mild cognitive function impairment. There was a statistically significant difference between the moderate group and severe group on cognitive performance (p value = 0.042).

    CONCLUSIONS: Severe obstructive sleep apnea patients may have impaired cognitive function. Mini Mental State Examination is useful in the screening of cognitive function of obstructive sleep apnea patients but in normal score, more sophisticated test batteries are required as it is unable to identify in 'very minimal' or 'extremely severe' cognitive dysfunction.

  6. Ibrahim MI, Jusoh YR, Adam NN, Mohamad I
    Iran J Otorhinolaryngol, 2018 Jan;30(96):65-68.
    PMID: 29387667
    Introduction: Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the thyroid gland is one of the rarest types of all reported thyroid malignancies worldwide. It is very aggressive in nature and carries a poor prognosis. The surgical resection with adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the most recommended treatment despite its poor reported outcome.

    Case Report: A 74-year-old woman presented with a rapidly progressive neck swelling, with hoarseness and compressive symptoms. Physical examination revealed a multilobulated firm thyroid mass with unilateral vocal cord palsy. Histopathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of SCC while radiological investigations and panendoscopy findings ruled out the possibility of other primary tumors. A surgical intervention was performed; however, the patient eventually succumbed to death prior to undergoing an oncological treatment.

    Conclusion: With no standard consensus to guide the management plan, SCC of the thyroid gland presents a great challenge for the managing team to come up with the best treatment option, due to its unfavorable rate of survival.

  7. Mohd AW, Mohamad I, Wan Ghazali WS, Johan KB
    Malays Fam Physician, 2017;12(2):32-33.
    PMID: 29423129 MyJurnal
    A previously healthy 80-year-old woman presented with a history of a thorn prick injury over the
    distal phalange of her left finger obtained while gardening two months ago. She claimed to have a
    non-healing cut with a nodular lesion, which progressively increased in size, extending upwards
    towards the region of her left arm. There was no fever or palpable lymph nodes in the axillary region.
    She had been prescribed antibiotics from the local hospital but her condition did not improve.
  8. Vasiwala RA, Elhariri SY, Teng CL, Mohamad I
    Noise Health, 2022;24(113):75-81.
    PMID: 35900392 DOI: 10.4103/nah.nah_33_21
    BACKGROUND: Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) is commonly encountered in audiologic and otolaryngologic practice. Constraint-induced music/sound therapy (CIMT) is characterized by the plugging of the normal ear (constraint) and the simultaneous, stimulation of the affected ear with music, which is based on a well-established neurorehabilitation approach. Corticosteroid therapy (CST) is the current mainstay of treatment. The prognosis for hearing recovery depends on many factors including the severity of hearing loss, age, and presence of vertigo.

    OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effectiveness of CIMT with CST in ISSNHL.

    METHODS: We performed a systematic search, using specific keywords relevant to our study, in PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and additional sources of published trials till December 2020. We then screened all search results obtained according to our inclusion/exclusion criteria and performed a quality assessment on all studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and using MedCalc, a meta-analysis was performed on suitable studies.

    RESULTS: The recovery rates of three included nonrandomized studies were assessed at 1 to 3 months. A total of 229 (CST: 131, CST + CIMT: 98) patients were pooled for meta-analysis. The meta-analysis using the random-effect model found the relative risk of recovery rate within 3 months to be 1.213 (95% confidence interval 0.709-2.074), a result that is not statistically significant.

    CONCLUSION: Although our analysis results do not demonstrate the noticeable effect of CIMT in ISSNHL, it can support be a gainful adjunct to CST for better hearing results than CST alone. Therefore, it needs further prospective randomized controlled multicenter trials with a large sample.

  9. Loh ZH, Mohamad S, Gan BC, Zakaria Z, Mohamad I
    Med J Malaysia, 2023 Mar;78(2):197-201.
    PMID: 36988530
    INTRODUCTION: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is among the most common malignancy in Malaysia. Radiationinduced hypothyroidism has been reported in other countries. However, in Malaysia, no studies were ever done to determine the effect of radiation on hypothyroidism. The objective of this study is to evaluate the practice of taking thyroid function test (TFT) and determine hypothyroidism post-radiation in patients with NPC.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study on the symptoms and results of TFT according to the dosage of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) given to patients with NPC. Data were traced and analysed.

    RESULTS: A total of 78 patients were identified. All patients received IMRT with 33-35 fractions of radiotherapy (RT) with total dosage of 66-70 Gray given. Not all patients had their thyroid function status measured routinely. Twelve patients did have symptoms of hypothyroidism. TFT were obtained in this group but the results were normal. No correlation was found between RT and hypothyroidism.

    CONCLUSION: There was no correlation between IMRT and the development of hypothyroidism. A prospective study with better control of inclusion and exclusion criteria, and longer follow-up period with TFT, is needed to demonstrate the consistency of these findings.

  10. Ahmad A, Mohamad I, Mansor S, Daud MK, Sidek D
    Ann Saudi Med, 2011 Jan-Feb;31(1):24-8.
    PMID: 21245595 DOI: 10.4103/0256-4947.75774
    Universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) was started in the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) in January 2003. To comply with international standards, we determined the outcome of the newborn hearing screening program for the first 5 years of its implementation, from January 2003 to December 2007.
  11. Vasiwala R, Mohamad I, Venkateswaran SP, Hamzah SZ
    Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2019 Nov;71(Suppl 3):1986-1989.
    PMID: 31763280 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-018-1402-8
    Extra nodal nasal NK/T cell lymphoma is relatively a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Variable clinical presentation with rapidly progressive necrosis of the cartilaginous and bony wall of the nose and upper respiratory passages leads to delayed diagnosis and treatment. A 43-years-old patient presented with right nasal pain and furuncle-like swelling. The swelling progressed rapidly to cellulitis to the face up to the right eye. Within 2 months, it had advanced to necrosis of the lateral vestibular cartilage, medial maxillary wall, turbinate and nasal septal cartilage. Biopsy reported as non-Hodgkin diffuse T cell (angiocentric T cell) lymphoma.
  12. Mohamad I, Jihan WS, Mohamad H, Abdullah B
    Malays J Med Sci, 2008 Jan;15(1):42-3.
    PMID: 22589614
    Bilateral abductor vocal cord palsy is comparatively a rare vocal cord lesion, especially in a patient with no history of neck mass, previous surgery or trauma. Many patients are not stridulous. A patient presenting with stridor may need emergency airway management before the other treatment is commenced. We report a case of bilateral abductor palsy which required an emergency tracheostomy and subsequently a laser posterior cordectomy.
  13. Besouw MT, Vande Walle JG, Ilias MI, Raes AM, Prytula AA, Claeys L, et al.
    Acta Clin Belg, 2016 Dec;71(6):455-457.
    PMID: 27169353
    A 12-year-old Congolese girl presented with acute renal failure, edema, hypertension, hemoptysis, hematuria, and proteinuria after a history of throat infection. Renal ultrasound showed kidneys of normal size, with increased echogenicity of the cortical parenchyma and decreased corticomedullary differentiation. Other additional investigations showed pancytopenia with decreased complement (low C3 and C4). Antinuclear antibodies were strongly positive, including anti-double stranded DNA. Renal biopsy confirmed severe grade IV lupus nephritis. She was treated with high-dose steroids, mycophenolate mofetil and hydroxychloroquine, in addition to hemodialysis. After one week of intensive treatment, diuresis recovered and dialysis could be stopped after six sessions. We describe an uncommon case of severe lupus nephritis, presenting with terminal renal failure. Since the rarity of this disease presentation, other more common diagnoses have to be considered. Once the diagnosis of lupus nephritis is established, a choice has to be made between the different induction treatment protocols. The patient's ethnic background and other supportive therapies, such as the need for dialysis, can help to make this choice.
  14. Hamir Basah Z, Mohamad I, Ramza Ramli R, Gayadh MK, Mutum SS
    Case Rep Otolaryngol, 2015;2015:412625.
    PMID: 25709848 DOI: 10.1155/2015/412625
    Intramuscular haemangioma (IMH) is a benign mesenchymal tumour. It appears as a deep, nontender mass within the soft tissue, particularly in the extremities. This tumour may not be obvious on clinical examination. Head and neck IMHs represent only 13.5% of the total IMHs. The most common site for a head and neck IMH is the masseter muscle, followed by trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, and very rarely temporalis muscle. We present a patient with left nasal bridge swelling which was excised and histologically confirmed as intramuscular hemangioma.
  15. Poovaneswaran S, Lee ZEJ, Lim WY, S Raja Gopal N, Mohd Dali F, Mohamad I
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Apr;68(2):168-70.
    PMID: 23629568 MyJurnal
    Male breast cancer accounts for only 1% of cancers in men and 1% of breast cancers. Cutaneous metastases occur less than 10% of all patients with visceral malignancies and are considered a rare and late event in progression of metastatic disease. A 45-year-old man presented with a lump in the left breast which was confirmed to be infiltrating ductal carcinoma. He underwent a left mastectomy and axillary clearance followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy to the left chest wall. However, he was non-compliant to adjuvant tamoxifen due to hot flushes. One year later, he presented with biopsy proven cutaneous metastases. Initially he had complete excision of the lesions, however, two months later more skin lesions appeared predominantly over the chest wall and back. Hormonal therapy failed to control the metastases as such he was treated with systemic chemotherapy. He is currently on third line chemotherapy.
  16. Ramli RR, Mohamad I, Ab Wahab MS, Naing NN, Wan Din WS
    J Taibah Univ Med Sci, 2018 Aug;13(4):364-369.
    PMID: 31435348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2018.04.004
    Objective: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of nasal rinsing during ablution in reducing acute respiratory tract infection among male Hajj pilgrims.

    Methods: A quasi-experimental trial study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of nasal rinsing between two groups. The intervention group was instructed to perform nasal rinsing during ablution, while the control group was not asked to do nasal rinsing. Both groups were provided progress diaries to record the symptoms of respiratory tract infection, including cough, rhinorrhoea, nasal blockage, fever, and sore throat, as well as thick phlegm, shortness of breath, epistaxis, and changes in sense of smell. The groups were also instructed to record any visits to clinics for their symptoms throughout their stay in Makkah for the Hajj ritual.

    Results: The study showed that nasal rinsing significantly reduced the symptoms of cough, rhinorrhoea, and nasal blockage. The intervention group had an increased number of visits to healthcare facilities for treatment, when compared to those of the control group. There were no significant differences in the groups regarding the symptoms of fever and sore throat.

    Conclusion: Nasal rinsing can be included as part of intervention methods that include vaccination and the use of a face mask. Nasal rinsing can be easily practiced by the pilgrims, since it is a Sunnah act in ablution, which is an integral element of Muslims' daily life.

  17. Saud MRM, Salahuddin Z, Hassan A, Yunus MRM, Mohamad I, Zulkifli MM
    J Taibah Univ Med Sci, 2018 Apr;13(2):201-204.
    PMID: 31435324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2017.10.002
    Giant cell tumours are benign lesions that are uncommonly found in the larynx. Patients with these tumours may present with dysphagia, hoarseness and anterior neck swelling. Giant cell tumours are extremely rare and only a few cases have been reported. We present a case of an elderly woman who presented with severe dysphagia and a mass at the base of her tongue. The mass was found to be a laryngeal giant cell tumour and was successfully treated with chemotherapy.
  18. Rashid AA, Shariff Ghazali S, Mohamad I, Mawardi M, Roslan D, Musa H
    BMJ Open, 2019 08 10;9(8):e024488.
    PMID: 31401588 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024488
    INTRODUCTION: Being a house officer (HO) is said to be associated with high levels of stress, leading to mental health problems and sometimes to quitting the medical profession altogether. In Malaysia, the number of HOs completing training on time is slowly declining, with increasing annual dropout rates. Feeling incompetent is one of the contributors towards this growing problem. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a 3-day pre-HO intervention module in addressing participants' confidence, readiness and psychological well-being in preparation for their HO training.

    METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The pre-HO intervention is the 'Medicorp' module that includes clerkship, experience sharing, hands-on skills training, common clinical cases and introduction of the local healthcare system. This is a pre-post quasi-experimental study lasting 1 year, with three assessment time points-at pretraining, immediately after training and 1 month into the participants' HO-ship. The study is currently ongoing and involves 208 participants who attended the course in Malaysia. Participants with known psychiatric illness, working HOs and medical students are excluded. A pretested, self-administered questionnaire that includes baseline sociodemography, adaptation of the International Medical University (IMU) Student Competency Survey and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale has been adopted, and 1 month follow-up will be conducted by telephone. Data will be analysed using SPSS V.24. The primary outcome is change in confidence level, while the secondary outcomes are changes in the readiness and psychological well-being of the participants.

    ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study protocol has received ethics approval from Ethics Committee for Research Involving Human Subjects Universiti Putra Malaysia and the National Medical Research Registry Malaysia. Written informed consent has been obtained from each participant. Results will be disseminated through journals and conferences, especially those involved in medical education specifically looking into the training of medical doctors.

    TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03510195.

  19. Che Mat CMH, Mustapha F, Noor RM, Ramli R, Mohamad I
    Medeni Med J, 2020;35(4):344-348.
    PMID: 33717628 DOI: 10.5222/MMJ.2020.01057
    Mucocele is a mucous filled benign cystic lesion. It develops due to obstruction of any natural os-tium of the paranasal sinus. Even though being benign, it has capability to erode and cause thinning the adjacent bony structures. Isolated intraorbital mucocele without paranasal sinus disease is a rare condition. We present a 39-year-old female patient with right medial canthal swelling without any nasal symptoms, and normal nasoendoscopic finding. Imaging revealed the lesion as a right ethmoidal mucocele with normal paranasal sinuses. However intraoperatively, it was an isolated intraorbital lesion, lateral to lamina papyracea with thick-yellowish mucin discharge.
  20. Singh PKM, Noor MIM, Jaafar R, Ahmad A, Mohamad I
    Medeni Med J, 2021;36(1):75-79.
    PMID: 33828894 DOI: 10.5222/MMJ.2021.37539
    Retropharyngeal calcific tendonitis (RCT) is an aseptic inflammatory process of the superior oblique tendons of the longus colli muscle caused by the deposition of calcium hydroxyapatite crystals. We reported a 23-year-old woman who presented with a sudden onset of neck pain with odynophagia after waking up from sleep. Physical examination showed paracervical point tenderness with limited neck movement in all directions. Prior to surgery, further imaging was requested to aid in diagnosis, which in turn revealed RCT. It is important to be aware that RCT presentation may mimic other severe conditions such as retropharyngeal space abscess or meningitis.
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