Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 940 in total

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  1. Aminah, A., Zuhair, A., Amira, K.
    MyJurnal
    The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant activities of dietary bitter melon fruit supplemented in male rat model. In this study, three common tests for measuring antioxidant activity of the bitter melon were evaluated using 2, 2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl assay (DPPH assay), total phenolic acid assay (TPC assay) and Ferric reducing ability of plasma assa. (FRAP assay). Results showed that the extracting solvent significantly (P
  2. Konsue, N., Amron, N.A.
    MyJurnal
    Cruciferous vegetables belong to the mustard family of plants such as Brussels sprouts, kale, broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower. They are well known for their cancer prevention properties which are due to high content of bioactive compounds, isothiocyanates (ITCs). This study was aimed to investigate nitrosation inhibition ability of the cruciferous vegetables commonly consumed with meat products namely, broccoli, cauliflower and cabbage. Aqueous extracts of fresh and steamed (2 and 4 min) vegetables were subjected to determination of antioxidant capacity (DPPH and FRAP assay) and chemical composition i.e. total phenolic and isothiocyanate (ITC) content. It was found that TPC, DPPH and FRAP values of raw vegetables were different in each vegetable and ranged from 17.12-38.91 mg GAE/100 ml, 44.09-63.31% and 1.36-6.81 mg TE/100 ml, respectively. Among three types of cruciferous vegetable, broccoli had the highest PEITC content being 0.21 mmol/100 g compared to cauliflower (0.15 mmol/100 g) and cabbage (0.06 mmol/100 g). Moreover, it was found that steaming process significantly enhanced antioxidant activity, TPC as well as PEITC content in a timedependent manner up to 4 min (p
  3. Rabeta, M.S., An Nabil, Z.
    MyJurnal
    This study was done to assess the total phenolic compounds (TPC) and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity in the flowers and leaves of Clitoria ternateaand Vitex negundo Linn. by using methanol and water extraction. TPC were evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteau method. Methanol was more efficient in extracting phenolic compounds compared with water in measuring TPC. Vitex negundo Linn. contained higher amount of TPC compared to Clitoria ternatea. Besides that, leaves for both plants showed higher amount of TPC compared to the flowers. Methanol extracted Vitex negundo Linn. showed higher DPPH scavenging activity compared with Clitoria ternatea. In contrast, DPPH scavenging activity for water extracted Clitoria ternatea showed higher value in compare with water extracted Vitex negundo Linn. The type of solvent used to extract the plant material and concentration of extracts used showed significance difference (P < 0.05) on the amount of DPPH scavenged by the plant extract. The presence of antioxidant activity in both leaves and flowers showed that Clitoria ternatea and Vitex negundo Linn. have the potential to be an alternative source of natural antioxidants. In vivo study is needed for successful commercialization and to benefit both the food and pharmaceutical industries.
  4. Cheng, L.H., Nur Halawiah, H., Lai, B.N, Yong, H.M., Ang, S.L.
    MyJurnal
    Konjac glucomannan (KGM) was treated with or without sonication and/or hydrochloric acid (HCl).
    Hydrolysis effects on KGM were studied for properties such as degree of hydrolysis, fluidity, molecular mass, and creep properties. The degree of hydrolysis for sonicated KGM and acid treated KGM were not significantly different. However, the combination treatment of acid hydrolysis and sonication was found effective in yielding a smaller molecular weight fraction of KGM and solution with higher fluidity. From the creep analysis, KGM treated with combination treatment exhibited the highest compliance among samples tested. In general, ultrasound mediated acid hydrolysis was found to be a promising technique in degrading high molecular weight biopolymer. This could be attributed to a localized high temperature and high shear forces generated during cavitation that facilitated the endothermic acid hydrolysis.
  5. Woo, P.F., Yim, H.S., Khoo, H.E., Sia, C.M., Ang, Y.K.
    MyJurnal
    This study investigated the effects of different percentages of ethanol (0 - 100%), extraction times (1 - 5 h) and temperatures (25 - 60°C) on total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) of sapodilla pulp and peel. TPC was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method, while AA was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and β-carotene bleaching (BCB) assay. Based on the optimal extraction conditions used, sapodilla pulp extract had TPC of 3.89 mg GAE/g, 63.20% of DPPH scavenging activity, 4.30% of ABTS scavenging activity, 19.17% of BCB activity, and FRAP value of 15.24 mg TE/g; while its peel extract had TPC of 9.23 mg GAE/g, 92.95% of DPPH scavenging activity, 5.36% of ABTS scavenging activity, 8.14% of BCB activity, and 27.85 mg TE/g (FRAP value). Using the optimal extraction conditions for sapodilla pulp (40% ethanol as extraction solvent that extracted at 60°C for 4 h) and sapodilla peel (80% ethanol and 2 h extraction time at 40°C), highest antioxidants can be extracted from the pulp and peel.
  6. Wong, C. W., Angel Lee, P. L.
    MyJurnal
    The inhibitory effect of onion extract on cassava leaf polyphenol oxidase was investigated. The polyphenol oxidase from cassava leaves was strongly inhibited by various anti-browning agents such as L-ascorbic acid and L-cysteine. The percentage of inhibition increased with the increased of anti-browning agents concentrations. The addition of heated onion extract exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on cassava leaf polyphenol oxidase than the fresh onion extract. The highest percentage of inhibition was exhibited with heated onion extract in the presence of glucose and glycine, which was 87.18%. The onion extract inhibited the cassava leaf polyphenol oxidase non-competitively.
  7. Wong, C. W, Ding, K. Y., Anggraeni, V. S.
    MyJurnal
    Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was extracted from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) root and partially
    purified up to 11.51× with a 43.6% yield using aqueous two-phase separation system. The
    optimum pH was at 8.0 for both substrates; 4-methylcatechol and pyrogallol. PPO activities
    were maximally achieved at 50°C for pyrogallol, and 20°C for 4-methylcatechol. 84% and 71%
    loss of relative PPO activities were obtained for pyrogallol and 4-methylcatechol, respectively
    following heat inactivation at 90°C for 40 min. Inactivation rate constant (k) values ranged
    between 0.88 × 10-2 min-1 to 2.97 × 10-2 min-1 for pyrogallol, and 0.69 × 10-2 min-1 to 2.44 × 10-2min-1 for 4-methylcatechol. The activation energy (Ea) were 75.32 kJ mol-1 and 73.14 kJ mol-1
    for pyrogallol and 4-methylcatechol, respectively. PPO activity was strongly inhibited (> 79%)
    by ascorbic acid. SDS exhibited the greatest efficiency in activating lotus root PPO.
  8. Aminah, A., Anna, P.K.
    MyJurnal
    Momordica charantia is known to contain with antioxidant properties and bioactive compounds to lower of diabetic diseases. Objective this study was investigate the influence of ripening stages on the phenolic bioactive substances and the corresponding antioxidant activity of bitter melon (Momordica charantia). The ripening of bitter melon fruit divided to four stages (RS1, RS2, RS3 and RS4). The results of this study were more ripened the fruit, lightness (L * ), yellowish (b * ) and chroma increased. Other ways, more ripened the fruit, the pH value and titratable acidity decreased. Total phenolic content and FRAF of RS 4 was highest compared other samples but DPPH of RS 4 was lowest among all the samples. However DPPH and FRAP value of bitter gourd on ripening stages showed no significant difference (p>0.05) among samples.
  9. Jamal, P., Olorunnisola, K.S., Jaswir, I., Tijani, I.D.R., Ansari, A.H.
    MyJurnal
    Solid state bioconversion (SSB) of Ulva seaweed for protein enrichment was conducted over 7-days using Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium). One-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) optimization of process parameters revealed 70% for moisture content, 9% for inoculum size and 7% for minerals. Optimum substrate depth in 1 kg reactor was 12 mm and the protein increased from 88.51 mg/g to 107.89 mg/g. Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed modifications in the polysaccharide resulting from SSB. Soluble and reducing sugars concentrations improved by 168.88% (from 33.74±0.51 mg/g to 90.72±1.38 mg/g) and 198.95% (from 0.13±0.05 mg/g to 0.40±0.01 mg/g), while total carbohydrate reduced to 107.15±1.21 mg/g from initial concentration of 109.39±1.33 mg/g.
  10. Babiker, F., Jamal, P., Mirghani, M.E.S., Ansari, A.H.
    MyJurnal
    This study aimed at investigating the presence of alkaloids and other chemical constituents in Datura stramonium (Saikaran, Jimson weed). All parts of the plant were dried, crushed and then underwent extraction by soxhlet and maceration methods. The solvents used in these methods were normal hexane (nonpolar) and ethanol (polar). Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and FTIR techniques were used to analyse the chemical components of jimson weed. The results showed the presence of hyoscine in all plant parts while atropine in the seeds only. The best separation was found to be when the solvent system was acetone: water: ammonia (90:07:03). Maceration method is the best and cost effective procedure for extraction.
  11. Mat Alewi, N. A., Ibrahim, M., Md Isa, M. L., Abdull Rasad, M. S. B., Abdul Rafa, A. A., Anuar, M. N. N.
    MyJurnal
    The optimum combination of Baccaurea angulata fruit juice (X1: 15 - 85 ratio) and Trigona sp. honey (TH) (X2: 15 - 85 ratio) in developing a high antioxidant soft jelly was investigated based
    on the antioxidant capacity (Y1), phenolic (Y2), and flavonoid (Y3) content. Response surface
    methodology (RSM), via central composite design (CCD), was used to produce optimal combination effects of the two independent variables (B. angulata fruit juice and TH) for highest
    recovery of antioxidant capacity (AC), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content
    (TFC). The polynomial models generated were satisfactory. The lack-of-fit test were higher
    than p > 0.05 for all three analyses, signifying the suitability of the models in accurately predicting the variations. Predicted values of the analysis agreed with those of the experimental values.
    An optimum combination of B. angulata fruit juice and TH was developed (ratio 40:40). The
    sample also exhibited significant FRAP and DPPH radical scavenging activities. Several
    polyphenols were identified for the samples through UHPLC-MS/MS. In conclusion, B. angulata and Trigona sp. honey have high potentials to be used in fortifying the soft jelly samples,
    making them prospective food supplements due to their nutritional and health benefits.
  12. Azhari, N. A. M., Markom, M., Ismail, I., Anuar, N.
    MyJurnal
    Polygonum minus is a plant rich with bioactive components that contribute to food, pharmaceutical, and perfume industries. However, high moisture content in fresh plants will allow
    microbial activity that leads to the degradation of plant quality. This can be prevented by
    drying the fresh plants to preserve the characteristics of their bioactive components. The
    present work was conducted to determine the effect of different drying methods such as
    air-drying, oven-drying (40 and 60°C), and freeze-drying on essential oil (EO) yield and
    chemical compounds of P. minus roots. For comparison purposes, all samples were extracted
    by maceration with n-hexane at room temperature. Then, the samples were analysed and
    identified by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The highest EO yield
    extract was obtained from freeze-drying (4.15 ± 0.5), followed by air-drying (3.79 ± 0.19). EO
    yield from oven-drying at 40 and 60°C was 3.4 ± 0.14 and 0.86 ± 0.04, respectively. Results
    showed that by increasing the drying temperature, the EO yield would decrease and cause a
    loss of major chemical compounds in the P. minus root. Air-drying was found to be the best
    method in preserving the presence of important chemical compound in P. minus roots such as
    β-caryophyllene (1.43%), pentadecane (4.34%), hexadecanoic acid (3.91%) and oleic acid
    (3.97%).
  13. Vincent, M., Chan, C. S. W., Apun, K.
    MyJurnal
    The present study was conducted to assess the rapid molecular identification and characterization of 45 Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from 15 samples of 3 different types of fish (Kembung, Bawal and Sangeh) in the Kuching-Samarahan district. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based confirmation was done targeting the 450 bp fragment of the thermolabile (tl) gene, while DNA fingerprinting was performed using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR with the primer GEN15008. All the 45 V. parahaemolyticus isolates were positive for the tl gene, however, only 34 were typable via RAPD-PCR with bands sizes ranging from slightly over 250 bp to 2.5 kbp. The degree of diversity was then determined via the Simpson Index which showed a value of 0.891, indicating high diversity among the isolates. Data from the RAPD-PCR fingerprints were later used to construct a dendrogram for clustal analysis. From the dendrogram, the 34 isolates were grouped into 2 major clusters containing 26 and 8 isolates, respectively. Further analyses of the dendrogram also indicated that the 34 isolated were clustered according to the period of sampling. This is an interesting observation as it shows the high discriminatory capability of RAPD-PCR to be used as molecular epidemiological tool to study the temporal distribution of V. parahaemolyticus.
  14. Neo, Y.P., Tan, C.H., Ariffin, A.
    MyJurnal
    The fatty acid composition and trans fatty acids (TFA) contents of samples of five Malaysian cream crackers biscuit brands were determined by gas-liquid chromatography, using a 60 m Supelco SP2340 fused silica capillary column and flame ionization detection. The identities of the fatty acids were established by comparing their retention times with authentic standards from Supelco. The results were expressed as relative percentages. The total saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the samples ranged from 48.90% to 54.87% of total fatty acids. As for the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), the total PUFA in the samples ranged from 9.97% to 11.73% of total fatty acids. Total trans fatty acids (TFA) ranged from 0.17% to 0.77% of total fatty acids. The monotrans 18:2 tc or 18:2 ct isomer content ranged from 0.07% to 0.10% of total fatty acids and the ditrans 18:2 isomer (9t, 12t) was not detected. The results indicate that all the fat sources of the 5 sample crackers biscuit brands were palm oil based.
  15. Mahnaz Nemati, Huda, N., Ariffin, F.
    MyJurnal
    Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) wastes were used to recover of tuna frame (TF) and to extract of tuna bone powder (TBP) by alkaline treatment. The amount of the calcium with 24.56% and 38.16% was the most abundant element in TF and TBP, respectively. Nine essential amino acids for human body; lysine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, threonine, histidine, phenylalanine and tryptophan are detected in TF and TBP. The amount of the collagen associated amino acids such as glycine, proline and hydroxyproline were high and the amount of glutamic acid, arginine, alanine, aspartic acid and serine were relatively more. The amount of the oleic acid, palmitic acid and gondoic acid were higher and the amount of hexadecatrienoic acid, γ-linolenic acid and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid were lower. The amount of the myristic acid, stearic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were also relatively more. Results demonstrated that TBP as inexpensive and environmentally friendly alternative source of calcium can be converted to the healthy value added products to increase of the amount of the calcium intake among people especially population groups with lactose intolerance.
  16. Koh, S. P., Long, K., Yusoff, M. S. A., Arifin, N.
    MyJurnal
    The potential use of medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols (MLCT) oil blends in food applications such as frying oil and salad dressings were investigated. The frying strength of palm-based MLCT oil with different antioxidants under deep frying conditions was assessed. Palm-based MLCT oil showed better thermal-resistant oxidative strength than refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) palm olein throughout the five consecutive days of frying. Sensory evaluation and rancidity assessment on fried chips showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) between chips fried in RBD palm olein and palm-based MLCT oil. MLCT-based salad dressings treated with different antioxidants showed similar rheological behaviors as compared to soybean based salad dressings. The overall quality of the physical appearance and organoleptic acceptability based on quantitative descriptive analysis showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) in all salad dressings. These findings indicated that MLCT-based oil blends can be used as healthy functional oil for daily consumption.
  17. Lau, E., Hamzah, S.N.Z., Sallih, S.A., Arip, M.A.
    MyJurnal
    This study explores the relationship between the total exports and total imports of the food industry in Sarawak from 1961 through 2007. We examined the sample period of the pre-1997 crisis (1961-1996) and the full sample period (1961-2007) to investigate disparities for pre-crisis sample. Analysis was carried out using standard econometric procedure and Dynamic OLS estimation for the annual observations of the two sample period. This study’s major findings are: (1) long run relationships were detected in the full sample period whereas they were absent in the pre-crisis period; (2) imbalances in food were found to be weakly sustainable for the full sample; (3) for every ringgit increase in imports, exports rose by RM0.803 for the full sample, revealing that imports grew at a rate faster than exports. This finding suggests that reducing the size of imports may improve imbalances in Sarawak’s food industry.
  18. Omar, N. A., Praveena, S. M., Hashim, Z., Aris, A. Z.
    MyJurnal
    Rice is a carbohydrate, one of the plant-based foods that can accumulate heavy metal from soil and the irrigation water. Since total heavy metal always overestimates the amount of heavy metal available in rice, bioavailability of heavy metal is always preferred. Many studies have been done and found that in vitro methods offer an appealing alternative to human and animal studies. They can be simple, rapid, low in cost and may provide insights which not achievable in the in vivo studies. In vitro digestion model for rice may differ from other in vitro digestion models applied in soil or other type of foods studies. This review aims to provide an overview of in vitro digestion model used to determine bioavailability of heavy metal in rice, summarize health risk assessment application of heavy metal in rice studies and highlight the importance of health risk assessment to be included in the studies. Future exploration of in vitro digestion model and health risk assessment application on the bioavailability of heavy metal in rice was also suggested.
  19. Zolfagharnassab, S., Vong, C.N.,, Ehsani, R.,, Jaafar, H.Z.E., Mohamed Shariff, A.R., Aris, I.
    MyJurnal
    Thermal imaging is widely utilized in agricultural applications such as examining plant
    physiology, yield prediction, irrigation scheduling, bruises and pathogen determination in
    fruits and vegetables. There is a need for a cost effective thermal device for this wide range
    of applications. In this study, a low-cost prototype thermal device was used to measure the
    temperature of FFBs at three maturity levels, that are under-ripe, ripe and over-ripe. The
    experiment was repeated using a commercial thermal camera. Then, the mean temperature
    obtained from both the prototype and commercial thermal sensors was compared. Our results
    showed the prototype thermal device is capable of estimating the mean temperature of oil palm
    FFBs with the values analogous to the mean temperature from commercial thermal camera
    with R2 = 0.71.
  20. Sahari, Y., Abdul Wahid, R., Mhd Adnan, A. S., Sairi, M., Hosni, H., Engku Abdullah, E. H., et al.
    MyJurnal
    The drying performance of industrial inclined bed dryer (IBD) and the milling quality of dried paddy was evaluated and compared in two main granary areas of Muda Agricultural Development Authority (MADA) and Integrated Agricultural Development Areas (IADA KETARA). A mix of MARDI’s paddy variety (MR 220 CL2 and MR 219) was used and the study on both granary area of MADA and IADA KETARA were carried out in local paddy mills located at Yan, Kedah and Besut, Terengganu respectively. The results indicated that the average drying rate in MADA was 119.93 kg water removed/hr whereas only 73.67 kg water removed/hr was recorded in IADA KETARA. Therefore, normalized water removal value of paddy mill in MADA was found higher than paddy mill in IADA KETARA. In terms of milling quality, average percentage of head rice yield of paddy mill in MADA and IADA KETARA was 76.89% and 73.87% respectively. The milling quality analysis of rice resulted from ANOVA found that there was no significant difference in the HRY and total broken between IBDs in both locations.
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