The ability to enhance the entrepreneurial skills of small entrepreneurs is the key factor to the increase
in business. Nevertheless, previous literature showed that there is less current study which focused on
the methods to improve entrepreneurial skills using Biofeedback techniques among entrepreneurs in
Malaysia. Thus, this study was aimed to: 1) Identifying the demographic background of small
entrepreneurs, 2) Identify management capabilities among entrepreneurs in entrepreneurial skills and 3) Identify the profile of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) among small entrepreneurs through increased the
HF coherence. A total of 50 respondents of small entrepreneurs were recruited in this study. The data
collected involved a questionnaire survey with participants, profit and sales analysis and analysis of
HRV. Statistical correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between entrepreneurial
skills and business insights from the point of HRV. The finding shows that there is a very strong
relationship between the increases in entrepreneurial skills from an increase in business with the profile
of HRV among participants with the score of 0.80-1.00. This showed that HRV Biofeedback training
technique is appropriate to be used as an intervention program to increse entrepreneurship skills among
small entrepreneurs in Malaysia.
The purpose of this paper is to identify the key domains of entrepreneurial behaviour among business
owner in food processing industry. The study utilized a deductive research design and quantitative
method. There are twenty-one statements about entrepreneurial behaviour to discover a core action
associated with entrepreneurial behaviour. An entrepreneurial behaviour is defined as small family
business strategic behaviour that captures specific entrepreneurial aspects (Walker and Brown, 2004).
In additions, it is the actions taken by the small business owner to achieve business performance
(Delmar, 1996). According to Kirkley (2015), entrepreneurial behaviour as self determined human
action is based on a specific set of values which the individual uses to make decisions about how to
behave in situations that a meaningful to their business. The questionnaires focused primarily on the
meaning of entrepreneurial behaviour as self-determination to be succeed in business. There were 70
respondents were selected by simple random sampling. The data were analysed by Exploratory Factor
Analysis (EFA) and categorised into relevant domains. The result shows four specific domains of
entrepreneurial behaviour business owner in food processing industry, namely, leadership, proactiveness,
committed and risk taking. The finding items to each of these domains are consistent with
the small family business perspective. The practical implication is the presence of the specific core
action associated with entrepreneurial behaviour. The business owner should employ the four core
action to sustain the business. The result of this study is importance to academician in small business
area, business advisor from government and non government sectors, and small family business owner.
The present research sought to examine the teamwork performance among AIM microcredit
participants based on Tuckman (1965) model. Hence, the author elaborates the level of teamwork
process such as forming, norming, storming and performing in a group among AIM participant in
Daerah Hulu Langat. The AIM is replication of the Grameen Bank approach in Malaysia and the
teamwork concept was apply which is the scheme must be apply in a group and not in individual. Selfadministrative
questionnaire was applied to conduct a data collection and a sample of 160 respondents
among participant from Sungai Gabai, Sungai Ramal, Sungai Chua, Sungai Tangkas, Bukit Mewah,
Semenyih and Sungai Jelok in Kajang were chosen based on stratified and simple random sampling
techniques to complete the survey. Researcher suggests the finding indicate that the high level stage in
teamwork process is forming, storming and performing stage. Only norming stage was in moderate
level. Consequently, high and positive teamwork resulted efficiencies in the microfinance group.
Teamwork with the right process can achieved positive outcome among AIM microcredit participants.
The aim of this paper is to determine tourists’ perceptions on spiritual experience, brand image,
cultural attributes and service quality they experienced in Kota Bharu, the capital and administration
centre of Kelantan, Malaysia. Kota Bharu was declared an Islamic City in 2005. It has many mosques,
various museums, unique architectural old buildings and palaces. As the number of tourist arrivals to
Kelantan is encouraging and contributing to the state income; it is important to examine what these
tourists perceive during their stays in Kota Bharu Islamic City. Variance Based Structural Equation
Modelling technique of Partial Least Square (PLS) was employed. The findings show that all the
variables are significantly influencing tourists’ perception except for service quality. In other words,
tourists’ perceptions of Kota Bharu are positively related to spirituality, brand destination and cultural
attributes. Tourists’ perceptions play a crucial role as this will affect the future tourist arrivals in the
state. Thus, the findings of the study will be useful in helping policy planners to understand how
tourists perceived Kota Bharu and design policies to increase tourism receipts and to preserve tourism
attributes.
People are the main source in determining the glory of any country or organization. Therefore people
are the most precious capital of a country or organization and referred to as human capital. In any
organization, manager plays important role among available human capital. Manager actions will shape
the management of the organization and will lead the organization to achieve its goals. For Islamic
organization, implementation of Human Capital Development (PMI) based on a Western perspective, will considered as a less appropriate approach. This paper aims to develop a conceptual model of PMI
from an Islamic perspective. Furthermore, this paper aims to provide useful insights for managers or
policy makers in understanding how to do Islamization in their organization and what needs to be done
to ensure successful process of Islamization. This study will fill the gap of knowledge on PMI based
Islamic perspective which consider quite limited. Qualitative method using existing available literature
through content analysis was used in this study. The study showed that PMI based Islamic perspective
should be encompass by both physical and spiritual (mind and emotions) aspects. The development of
both aspects will able to generate taqwa human capital which characterized by amar ma’ruf nahi
mungkar, has a clear mission, tawazun, sakinah, moral dignity and mutual cooperation. As conclusion,
PMI based Islamic perspective will have implications for the training conducted in organizations which
should not only focus on the physical aspect, but also need to focus on the spiritual aspect.
This study is designed in qualitative form which focuses on musical coordination skill that is sing and
clapping rhythm simultaneously in meter . The researcher used one of music teaching method which
is Dalcroze Approach as an intervention in this study. Dalcroze Approach is a method which relates
musical concepts with movement. Research sample is among Year 4 students aged 10 years old from
different sex and race. Data have been collected through observation and interview. A comprehension
exam is conducted as a supplementary data collection. Findings show the students have achieved good
result in music coordination skill after the implementation of the Dalcroze Approach. Observation
revealed that all the students have increase their coordination skill in singing and clapping the rhythm simultaneously. Interview which is conducted on students found 60 percent of them are very confident
to do the skill as well. The result of comprehension exam shows 73 percent of students score A which
can be described as excellent. Researcher wish to have further study in developing the music
coordination skill by improving the intervention of the study.
Various claims have been made about the extinction of Malay Reservation Land in the country. Before
independence, the land depreciation was due to the acquisition of land by the British colonial
government for mining, opening of new villages during the communist threat and the mortgage and
sale activities by the Malay landowners to non-Malays. After independence, land depreciation linked
with the acquisition of land by the government through the Land Acquisition Act, 1960. This study is a
content analysis study involving material derived from the secondary source text and earlier research
findings. Emphasis is given to analyze the statistical size of Malay Reservation Land in the country.
Results show that the allegations regarding the depreciation trend of the Malay Reservation Land is
inaccurate and misleading. While the analysis of the size of the Malay Reservation Land found that the
actual percentage of Malay Reservation Land in 2009 was 30.13 percent instead of 11.83 percent as
claimed. The percentage grew steadily in 2013 to 31.85 percent. The analysis also found that there was
confusion about the actual size of Malay Reservation Land in the country.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the Post PT3 Program in a sub-urban secondary school
located in the district of Tuaran, Sabah. The program aims to encourage all the form three students’
attendance after they have taken the PT3 examination by occupying them with activities that would
enhance their learning ability outside the classroom. This study used Stake’s Countenance evaluation
model. The data were collected using observation, informal-interview and documentation techniques.
The conclusion was: (1) Intended antecedents congruent to the actual antecedents, minor issues in both
intended transaction/outcomes and actual transaction/ outcomes. (2) Post PT3 program worth to be
sustained with support from the administration and teachers (3) Evaluator’s major concerns are lack of
teachers’ participation and commitment in the implementation of the program.
Previous studies shows that to do two musical skills simultaneosly is not easy. This is more difficult
when it been taught to children. However, the Dalcroze Eurhythmics Approach is believed can ease the
children to coordinate the musical skills to present a good musical performance. This is a pilot study
involving sample of 31 children from a primary school in Putrajaya divided into 19 boys and 12 girls.
Respondents’ achievement were analysed after 12 sessions of intervention for three months. Result
shows the mean score of the coordination singing and playing kompang is 61.7 with standard division
12.47. There are 3 students scored Grade A, 10 scored Grade B, 13 scored Grade C, 4 scored Grade D
and one student failed with Grade E. Because 30 students have passed the test, the reasearcher come up with the solution that the Dalcroze Eurhythmics Approach is relevant to be taught to increase children
coordination skill which is sing and play percussion simultaneously.
This paper examined the influence of psychosocial factors on student’s academic performance. Selfadministered
questionnaire was applied as the method of data collection and a sample of 339 students’
from five faculties/schools in Potiskum College were chosen based on stratified and simple random
sampling techniques to complete the survey. After analyzing the data collected, Person’s correlation
coefficient reflected that, there was a positive and significant correlation between the all four variables:
students’ attitudes towards lecturers, academic self-efficacy, students’-lecturers’ interaction and
academic performance. Moreover, multiple regression analysis by using stepwise method was
conducted to estimate the prediction power of the independent variables on the dependent variable. The
finding indicated that only attitude and interaction could significantly predict students’ academic
performance by R2=65.6%. Meaning academic self-efficacy failed to predict academic performance in
present study. To conclude in this study, attitude and interaction are important factors in influencing
students’ academic performance positively in Potiskum College of education, Nigeria.
The participation of the local community in the decision-making activity has its own significant role in
determining that every decision made, centralizes on the needs of the local community. Such an
involvement is admittedly crucial in ensuring that every program held is “blessed” by the local
community and wins their support and cooperation in rendering success to the program. In relation to
this, this article aims at recognizing the participation of the Iban community in the decision-making
activities with regards to the poverty eradication programs (or People’s Welfare Development Scheme)
implemented in the district of Song, Sarawak. To meet this objective, the survey method has been
adopted to obtain the information important for the study. The questionnaire forms were distributed to
260 Iban community’s Heads of Household at the longhouse. The data obtained were then analysed
using the descriptive statistics through SPSS. All in all, the discovery of this study points to the fact
that the majority of the Heads of Household (90.0%) have had participated in at least one decisionmaking
activity in relation to the implementation of the programs under the SPKR or the People’s
Welfare Development Scheme. The study finding also shows that the Heads of Household participated
in the program’s decision-making activities have pointed out that they occasionally make their voices
heard and are involved in ways such as attending the meeting, representing the locals in the
discussions, giving opinion in the discussions, managing the conflict that emerges out of the program
implementation and posing questions in the discussion of the program under the scheme mentioned.
Notwithstanding, the findings also establish that many of the Heads of the Household admitted that
they had never taken part in the planning of work, evaluating or troubleshooting that might occur in the
execution of the program, in the resolution of implementation issues and in the decision-making on the
program implementation under this scheme.
This paper seeks to illustrate how empowerment theory can be applied as a critical approach which
could heighten power and capacity in community development. This is because empowerment is not
just viewed through theory or philosophy only, but as an active approach which could be applied to
enhance individual, oganizational or even communal prosperity. Many communal issues discussed by
scholars such as poverty, health, women, people with disability, single mothers, youth, leadership, organization and many others utilises the empowerment approach. This is because it is the most
effective approach in resolving issues by empowering individual or target group to take effective action
through ability and potential, which have been developed. Discussion will ensue with definition of
empowerment, which will be elucidated, with the concept of power. In the context of community
development, empowerment refers to a mechanism where individual, organization and community will
amass control on life and related issues affecting them such as economy, social, psychology and
politics. To understand this concept clearly, discussion of empowerment concept will be closely
examined to view the definition from two different dimensions, which is whether empowerment can be
ascertained as a process, benefit or outcome. By using the qualitative approach, which is through
analysing content, books, journals and other references, a few steps or process have been unearthed to
apply empowerment as an approach, which could be practiced in the context of community
development specifically in rural areas.
Anthony Burgess (1917 - 1993) has written a trilogy of novels on the Malay World, namely The
Malayan Trilogy (1964). It has been suggested that the trilogy, which consists of the novels Time for a
Tiger (1956), The Enemy in the Blanket (1958) and Beds in the East (1959), depicts the Islamic
practices through its Muslim Malay characters, displaying their hypocrisy and their wayward Islamic
practices as stated by Zawiyah Yahya (2003). In contrast, the trilogy has rarely been studied based on
elements of the paradigm of Malayness in literature, consisting of six elements, namely the Malay
language, Islam, the Malay rulers, adat/culture, ethnicity, and identity. Therefore, we aim to analyse
one of the novels in the trilogy, The Enemy in the Blanket, in light of Islam as one of the elements
under the paradigm of Malayness in literature as stated by Ida as our primary conceptual framework in
this study. To achieve these objectives, we employ a close textual reading on the novel by analysing
the Muslim Malay characters in The Enemy in the Blanket. The findings show that the Muslim Malay
characters in The Enemy in the Blanket could be considered as wayward Muslims in their practices and
beliefs. Therefore, we would like to reconfirm that the paradigm of Malayness in in fact, an everydaydefined
social reality, as experienced by the people in the course of their everyday life as opposed to it
as an authority-defined social reality, as defined by people of the dominant power structure. It is hoped
that this study will contribute to the on-going discourse on Islam as the paradigm of Malayness as well
as English literature on the Malay World.
The objective of this study is to identify the level of instructional leadership, efficacy and the routine
duties of the principal including their influence towards academic achievement of the school. Three
instrument have been used in the collection of data namely Principal Instruction Management Rating
Scale (PIMRS); Principals Sense Of Efficacy Scale (PSES); and The Principal’s Routine Duties.
Whilst the academic achievement statistic refers to the SPM examinations result for the 2011 that was
sourced directly from the JPNS examination unit. All the instruments was found to have a high level of
genuineness and reliability with Cronbach’s alfa multiplier at 0.94. Altogether 650 set of
questionnaires have been distributed to the secondary school in the southern zone namely Kuching,
Samarahan, Sri Aman and Betong Division and 91% of them have been collected successfully. From
the total number, 487 set have been processed after it was found to be complete and have fully satisfied
the set characteristics. The research data has been analysed using SPSS software version 21.0. The
result of the research shows that the level of instructional leadership, efficacy and the principal’s
routine duties are high. Nevertheless, there is no significant and clear relationship between those
variables with the school academic achievement. This shows that instructional leadership, efficacy and
principal routine duties are not factors that would absolutely determine the academic achievement
without the support of the other factors. Nonetheless, sub scale variable of the instructional leadership
namely coordinate curriculum (r=.123, p=.01) and incentive given to teachers (r=.094, p=.04) shows
that there is a significant relationship with the school academic achievement but not for the sub scale
for efficacy and principal’s routine duties. Arising thereof, the principal is advised to implement
capability enhancement, streamline interpersonal relationship, effective work delegation in
collaboration with their subordinate in order to attain a more positive academic achievement. For this
purpose, the principals are required at the outset to equip themselves by enhancing their knowledge,
garner more experience, increase skilfulness including keeping abreast with the latest ability related to
their duties as an instructional leader. In order words, the principal which lead the school should equip
their self with the current requirement including applying “Leadership For a Need” culture.
Logistics development of Malaysian Armed Forces (ATM) involving the Malaysian Army (TDM),
Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN) and Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF) have been developed since
1957. Since the 1990s, ATM has been through the process of modernization which is can seen through
the rapid and strong capabilities in logistics aspect. Defense policy development has involved the
development of the logistical aspects of ATM. Purchasing of defense equipments such as the most
modern warship in Armed Force in 1990, Scorpene submarines, fighter aircraft which is used by the
developed countries such as the MiG-29, FA/18 Hornet and Sukhoi 30MKM, battle tanks from Poland
and so on with the transfer package technology is essential to ensure that the principle of self-reliance
defense ATM can be achieved. This process has force the government to allocate a large amount of
money in providing modern logistics equipments so it can be used to the maximum by the defense forces. In fact, the development of the defense and Malaysian Armed Forces (ATM) also growing
along with the development of technology, defense policy, doctrine of current world logistics. However
the logistics development has raised questions because of the capabilty of logistic and Malaysian
Armed Forces (ATM) itself which are caused various accidents and issues affecting ATM.
Fabian Society is a type of political think tank which was founded by a group of students and
intellectuals at London School of Economics (LSE), United Kingdom in the late of 19 centuries. The
Fabian political thought is a new manifestation of socialist ideology in United Kingdom emerged through the role of Labour Party Partiat that time. After the World War II, the influence of this political
thought began to widespread throughout Malaya via British-educated Malayan students. This
development brought about a new form of political idealism based on social-democrat orientation
which emphasized on class struggles and civil issues in Malaya. Thus, the aim of this article is to
scrutinize objectively and descriptively the influence of the Fabian political thought in the Malaysian
political development from 1952 to 1970. Using the approach of history reconstructionist, the analysis
discussion was developed based on the use of primary sources as the argument base. The research
findings indicate that the influence of the Fabian political thought developed in Malaya by the role of
the socialist intellectual-progressive group throughout the research. The development did not only
involve labour movements and left-wing political parties such as Malayan Democratic Union (MDU)
and the Malayan Labour Party, but it also influenced students movements at universities through
University of Malaya Socialist Club in Singapore around 1950s and students societies in Universiti
Malaya, Kuala Lumpur around 1960s. In fact, at the same time the progressive Fabian group slipped in
right-conservative group through their direct involvement in UMNO and the Perikatan regime at the
time. This indirectly proves that there is a different side of the socialist role through the role of the
Fabian group in the development of democracy and politics in Malaysia.
Self performance is important among entrepreneurs due to increasing the business enhancement.
Nevertheless, previous literature showed that there are less current study which focused on the self
performance using Biofeedback techniques among entrepreneurs in Malaysia. Thus, this study was
aimed; 1) to look at how Emwave Biofeedback techniques can be used to improve self performance
among Ikhtiar Malaysia women entrepreneurs and 2) to improve the HRV score among participants
through increased the HF coherence. A total of 10 respondents were recruited in this study. The
changing nature of Heart Rate variability (HRV) of HF, LF and VLF frequencies was measured
through Biofeedback Emwave training techniques. The HRV Biofeedback techniques were used to
determine the emotional state and the balance ability between individual Sympathetic and
Parasympathetic systems. This balance is important to enable women entrepreneurs to control internal
and external stimuli to be adapted to their business environment. The study showed that the technique
is able to improve the characteristics of HRV to increase self performance among women
entrepreneurs. The study found that respondents who successfully completed the HRV training able to
increase their self performance in term of HRV score and businesses. Result showed that there was a
positive correlation (0.80-1.00) between all the business and HRV. This showed that Emwave
Biofeedback training is appropriate to be used as an intervention program to improve self performance
and business enhancement among the participants. Thus, this study concludes that HRV Biofeedback
techniques can be an important measure in gauging business entrepreneur’s health and performance.
This article describes the development process of the National Defence Policy (NDP), which is
executed by the Malaysian Armed Forces (MAF) and government. In this chapter, it will touch on the
early development of the international political developments during and after the Cold War (1991),
the Southeast Asian region and threats that affect the development of the defense. In addition, this
paper describes the development process of the Malaysian defense policy adopted since 1957 to 2010.
The NDP formed since 1957 involves various aspects such as the importance of the region to Malaysia,
the concept of defense and the principle of national defense. This article clarify in detail on the aspects
as set out in the NDP in particular the principle of self-reliance defense, principal of regional
cooperation defense and the principle of the foreign aid defense. In addition, this paper also describes
the implementation of a number of defense strategies implemented by MAF as resistant barring
defense, forward defense, diplomacy defense, and total defense. To fine-tune the process of national
defense developmet, this chapter also will look on the efforts and development process by all branches of service of MAF which are Malaysian Army (MA), Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN) and Royal
Malaysian Air Force (RMAF).
This paper aims to describe the activities of drug treatment and rehabilitation program at one center in
Kuala Lumpur based on the preliminary study. Treatment and rehabilitation center adopts the biopsycho
- socio – spiritual model in their recovery process. The data was collected using observation as
well as personal interviews of respondents who are undergoing treatment and rehabilitation at the
center. Counsellors are also interviewed to get information about treatment programs that are being
conducted. Initial research findings indicated that the approach to treatment and rehabilitation using the
Therapeutic Community has helped facilitate the drug rehabilitation process, especially during the
remodeling behavior and vocational life skills. Therefore, the results of this study indicated that the
program can be used as an alternative to drug addiction treatment and rehabilitation in this country.
This The fields of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and human resource (HR) function have gained
increasingly importance to corporate strategies. As many hotels are concerned with sustainability
issues and CSR, the HR function is positioned to assist implementing and enhancing CSR strategy as
well as administering its core functions. In most cases, CSR in the hotels are housed in HR Department
where the managers have responsibility for the strategic application of CSR in the hotels. This paper
presents a case study of five hotels in Penang Island, Malaysia as an attempt to demonstrate how
Human Resource managers of these hotels perform their CSR practices. Specific focus is placed on the
role of Human Resource managers who are not well-equipped with social work experience or
background and specifically to investigate how these managers perceive CSR concept, the impact of
their CSR programs on beneficiaries and the challenges that they encountered in the process. To
answer these questions, we have conducted interviews with five managers from four and five star
hotels in Penang. Our findings have reflected the importance of conceptualization of CSR particularly
in hotel sector as well as gaining insight into current HR profession in administering CSR activities to
consider someone with social work background in a bid to improve the quality of life of targeted
communities.