Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 492 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Samsul Draman, Mohd Aznan, Md Aris
    MyJurnal
    Aim of study: To describe the residents of nursing home for the elderly in relation to their socio-demographic, physical and mental profiles. Method: A cross-sectional study design was carried out. The elderly in two selected nursing homes in Kuantan, Pahang were interviewed. The respondents were interviewed using a structured questionnaire which included the biodata, social background, and medical illness, presence of cognition, depression and ability to perform basic activities of daily living (ADL). Results: Results are available for 36 respondents out of 41 residents, giving a response rate of 87.8%. Chinese (77.8%), male (63.9%), single or divorced (50%), and low income (69.4%) was consisted the majority. Most respondents (86.1%) suffered from chronic illness, 61.1% were functional dependent (according to Barthel index), 33.3% have cognitive impairment (according ECAQ) and 22.2% have depression (according to GDS-14). The most common functional dependence was mobility on level surface (47.2%), followed by climbing stairs (38.9%).Conclusion: This study had identified chronic illness, cognitive impairment, depression, and functional decline as major health problems of the elderly in nursing homes that require greater attention and intervention.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cognition; Cognition Disorders
  2. Hanisah Rosli, Suzana Shahar, Normah Che Din, Hasnah Haron
    MyJurnal
    Literature review suggests that polyphenols in particular flavonoids, are beneficial for mental health during aging process. This review examines the effect of consumption of all polyphenols groups on mental health and cognitive status during aging process. The keywords searched were “mental health,” “depression,” “anxiety,” “stress” and “cognitive” combined with “dietary,” and “polyphenols.” The databases including PubMed, Web of Science and CAB Abstracts were searched for a period of 10 years. A total of 11 studies were identifi ed to fulfi ll the inclusion criteria. From this review, polyphenols may confer beneficial effects towards mental health, in particular the decline in cognitive functions during aging process, however, some studies showed contradictory results. Polyphenols have been proven to improve language and verbal ability, which is among the main vulnerable aspects in cognitive decline in pathological brain aging. In contrast, polyphenols intake did not seem to affect executive functioning. The effects of polyphenols towards cognitive status were more prominent among the elderly as compared to young and middle-aged adults. This review also shows that flavonoids is the main type of polyphenols that confer positive effects towards cognitive status during aging. This review provides evidence that consumption of polyphenols may lead to cognitive and mental health benefits. Further clinical trials involving human subjects are required with carefully designed methodology to elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying the relationship between polyphenols consumption and improvement in cognitive and mental health status.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cognition; Cognition Disorders
  3. Abdul Hamid Abdul Rahman, Suriati Mohamed Saini, Ibrahim Abu Samah
    ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2013;14(2):96-102.
    MyJurnal
    The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and factors associated with psychosis in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients.
    Method: This is a cross-sectional study of 108 PD patients from neurological clinic UKM Medical Centre and Kuala Lumpur Hospital. The patients were recruited from August to December 2004. Psychosis was determined using SCID, the severity of psychosis was rated using BPRS. The cognitive functions were evaluated with MMSE and the severity of depression was assessed with HAM-D.
    Results: The result shows that the prevalence of psychosis in Parkinson's disease patients in this sample was 13%. The psychosis was found to be significantly associated with advancing age, duration of illness, severity of depression and cognitive impairment. Multivariate analysis demonstrates that severity of depression (OR = 1.08, 95% C.I. = 1.01 - 1.16) and advancing age (OR = 4.72, 95% C.I. = 1.37 - 16.29) increased risk of psychosis in PD patients.
    Conclusion: We found that advancing age and severity of depression increase risk to develop psychosis in patients with PD.

    Study site: neurological clinic UKM Medical Centre and Kuala Lumpur Hospita
    Matched MeSH terms: Cognition; Cognition Disorders
  4. Barron D, Furnham A, Weis L, Morgan KD, Towell T, Swami V
    Psychiatry Res, 2018 01;259:15-20.
    PMID: 29024855 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.10.001
    This study sought to replicate previous work showing relationships between components of schizotypy and conspiracist beliefs, and extend it by examining the mediating role of cognitive processes. An international online sample of 411 women and men (mean age = 35.41 years) completed measures of the schizotypal facets of Odd Beliefs or Magical Thinking and Ideas of Reference, conspiracist beliefs, and cognitive processes related to need for cognition, analytic thinking, and cognitive insight. Path analysis confirmed the associations between both schizotypal facets and conspiracist beliefs in the present sample. Confirmatory evidence was found for the association between analytic thinking and conspiracist beliefs, and results also suggested an association between cognitive insight and conspiracist beliefs. Cognitive insight also mediated the link between Odd Beliefs or Magical Thinking and Ideas of Reference with conspiracist beliefs. However, analytic thinking provided a mediating link to conspiracy ideation for Odd Beliefs or Magical Thinking and not Ideas of Reference. Finally, there was an association between Odd Beliefs or Magical Thinking and need for cognition, but this path did not extend to conspiracist beliefs. These results suggest possible mediating roles for analytic thinking and self-certainty between schizotypy and conspiracist beliefs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cognition*
  5. Ibrahim A, Singh DKA, Shahar S
    PLoS One, 2017;12(10):e0185641.
    PMID: 28972994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185641
    AIMS: The aim of this study was to establish 'Timed up and Go' test (TUG) normative data among community dwelling older adults stratified based on cognitive status, gender and age groups.

    METHODS: A total of 2084 community dwelling older adults from wave I and II were recruited through a multistage random sampling method. TUG was performed using the standard protocol and scores were then stratified based on with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI), gender and in a 5-year age groups ranging from ages of 60's to 80's.

    RESULTS: 529(16%) participants were identified to have MCI. Past history of falls and medical history of hypertension, heart disease, joint pain, hearing and vision problem, and urinary incontinence were found to have influenced TUG performance. Cognitive status as a mediator, predicted TUG performance even when both gender and age were controlled for (B 0.24, 95% CI (0.02-0.47), β 0.03, t 2.10, p = 0.36). Further descriptive analysis showed, participants with MCI, women and older in age took a longer time to complete TUG, as compared to men with MCI across all age groups with exceptions for some age groups.

    CONCLUSION: These results suggested that MCI needs to be taken into consideration when testing older adults using TUG, besides age and gender factors. Data using fast speed TUG may be required among older adults with and without MCI for further understanding.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cognition*
  6. Puttarak P, Dilokthornsakul P, Saokaew S, Dhippayom T, Kongkaew C, Sruamsiri R, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2017 09 06;7(1):10646.
    PMID: 28878245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09823-9
    Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. has been used as an herbal brain tonic for mental disorders and enhancing memory, but no review of the overall evidence of C. asiatica and cognitive function has been conducted. This study aims to determine the effects of C. asiatica on cognitive function and its related properties. The current systematic review includes five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted to determine the effect of C. asiatica alone and six RCTs conducted to determine the effect of C. asiatica-containing products. Meta-analysis indicated that there are no significant differences in all cognitive function domains of C. asiatica when compared to placebo. However, it could improve mood by increasing alert scores [SMD: 0.71 (95% CI; 0.01 to 1.41); I2 = 30.5%] and decreasing anger scores at 1 hour after treatment [SMD: -0.81 (95%CI; -1.51 to -0.09); I2 = 36.6%]. None of the studies reported adverse effects of C. asiatica. In conclusion, there is not strong evidence to support the use of C. asiatica for cognitive function improvement in each cognitive domain. C. asiatica could improve alertness and relieve anger. However, some limitations should be aware including dose regimen, plant preparation, standardization, and product variation. Future well-designed clinical trials using suitable doses of standardized C. asiatica are still needed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cognition/drug effects*
  7. Al-Nema M, Gaurav A, Lee MT, Okechukwu P, Nimmanpipug P, Lee VS
    PLoS One, 2022;17(12):e0278216.
    PMID: 36454774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278216
    Phosphodiesterase 1B (PDE1B) and PDE10A are dual-specificity PDEs that hydrolyse both cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate, and are highly expressed in the striatum. Several reports have suggested that PDE10A inhibitors may present a promising approach for the treatment of positive symptoms of schizophrenia, whereas PDE1B inhibitors may present a novel mechanism to modulate cognitive deficits. Previously, we have reported a novel dual inhibitor of PDE1B and PDE10A, compound 2 [(3-fluorophenyl)(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-4-yl)methanone] which has shown inhibitory activity for human recombinant PDE1B and PDE10A in vitro. In the present study, the safety profile of compound 2 has been evaluated in rats in the acute oral toxicity study, as well as; the antipsychotic-like effects in the rat model of schizophrenia. Compound 2 was tolerated up to 1 g/kg when administered at a single oral dose. Additionally, compound 2 has strongly suppressed ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion, which presented a model for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. It has also shown an ability to attenuate social isolation induced by chronic administration of ketamine and enhanced recognition memory of rats ​in the novel object recognition test. Altogether, our results suggest that compound 2 represents a promising therapy for the treatment of the three symptomatic domains of schizophrenia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cognition Disorders*
  8. Kobayashi LC, O'Shea BQ, Wixom C, Jones RN, Langa KM, Weir D, et al.
    Alzheimers Dement, 2024 Mar;20(3):1933-1943.
    PMID: 38159252 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13665
    INTRODUCTION: We conducted a cross-national comparison of the association between main lifetime occupational skills and later-life cognitive function across four economically and socially distinct countries.

    METHODS: Data were from population-based studies of aging and their Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocols (HCAPs) in the US, South Africa, India, and Mexico (N = 10,037; Age range: 50 to 105 years; 2016 to 2020). Main lifetime occupational skill was classified according to the International Standard Classification of Occupations. Weighted, adjusted regression models estimated pooled and country-specific associations between main lifetime occupational skill and later-life general cognitive function in men and women.

    RESULTS: We observed positive gradients between occupational skill and later-life cognitive function for men and women in the US and Mexico, a positive gradient for women but not men in India, and no association for men or women in South Africa.

    DISCUSSION: Main lifetime occupations may be a source of later-life cognitive reserve, with cross-national heterogeneity in this association.

    HIGHLIGHTS: No studies have examined cross-national differences in the association of occupational skill with cognition. We used data from Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocols in the US, Mexico, India, and South Africa. The association of occupational skill with cognitive function varies by country and gender.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cognition*
  9. Verma RK, Min TH, Chakravarthy S, Barua A, Kar N
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:812712.
    PMID: 25544962 DOI: 10.1155/2014/812712
    BACKGROUND: Depression, as one of the most disabling diseases around the world, had caught the global concern with its rising prevalence rate. There is a growing need of detecting depression, particularly in the old age population which is often left being overlooked.
    METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional community-based study which included 150 Chinese elderly aged 60 and above within Klang Valley area. We obtained the sociodemographic profiles and assessed the status of well-being, depression, and cognitive function of the participants with the help of instruments: WHO Five-Item Well-Being Index, Major (ICD-10) Depression Inventory, and 6-Item Cognitive Impairment Test.
    RESULTS: We found that the prevalence of depression among the Chinese elderly within Klang Valley region was 10.7%. With multiple logistic regression, decision to consult doctor on depressed mood or memory problem and presence of cognitive impairment were shown to be significantly associated with unipolar major depression, whereas wellbeing status was also found to be statistically correlated with depression in univariate analysis.
    CONCLUSION: The prevalence of unipolar depression among Chinese elderly within Klang Valley, Malaysia presented that there was an increased trend compared to the previous studies..
    Matched MeSH terms: Cognition Disorders/ethnology; Cognition Disorders/epidemiology*; Cognition Disorders/physiopathology
  10. Botross NP, Riad AA, Viswanathan S, Nordin RB, Lock HN
    Scott Med J, 2014 May;59(2):e1-6.
    PMID: 24671628 DOI: 10.1177/0036933014529868
    Gaucher's disease is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficiency of glucocerebrosidase. Gaucher's disease has three clinical types: non-neuronopathic (Type 1), Acute Neuropathic (Type 2) and chronic neuronopathic (Type 3). The chronic neuronopathic (Type 3) is characterised by a variety of disease variants with onset in childhood with hepatomegaly, skeletal lesions and later slow horizontal saccades, treatment-resistant generalised tonic-clonic and myoclonic seizures, dementia, progressive spasticity, cognitive deterioration, ataxia and death in the second or third decade of life.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cognition Disorders/enzymology; Cognition Disorders/etiology; Cognition Disorders/physiopathology*
  11. Lee LK, Shahar S, Rajab N
    Nutr Res, 2009 May;29(5):327-34.
    PMID: 19555814 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2009.05.006
    The notion that dietary factors affect cognitive function and subsequently the risk of dementia has increased over the years from a global viewpoint. Because low folate intake has been described to impair cognitive function, we tested the hypothesis that low serum folate concentration is associated with cognitive impairment and an attenuated increase in DNA damage. We investigated the relationship between serum folate concentration, cognitive impairment, and DNA damage among elderly people attending health clinics in Klang Valley, an urban area in Malaysia. Two hundred thirty-two participants, composed of 115 men (49.6%) and 117 women (50.4%), were involved; none of the patients were diagnosed with neuropsychiatric problems, nor where they terminally ill. Sociodemography and health variables were assessed through face-to-face interview. Cognitive impairment review was conducted through an Elderly Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire. The estimation of dietary intake, serum folate concentration, and DNA damage was individually analyzed using validated Dietary History Questionnaires, immunoassay methods, and an Alkaline Comet Assay study (10 mL of peripheral venous blood), respectively. Results indicated that more men had cognitive impairment (33.0%) and DNA damage (27.0% for percentage DNA in tail, 22.6% tail moment) compared with women (25.6%, 15.4%, and 15.4%, respectively) (P < .05 for all parameters), recording an average folate deficiency value of 13.9% (0.2% higher than women). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis outlined the association of cognitive impairment with older age (odds ratio [OR], 2.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35-5.57), smoking habits (OR, 5.12; 95% CI, 2.48-10.57), poor serum folate concentration (OR, 3.46; 95% CI, 1.26-9.52), and DNA damage (percentage DNA in tail) (OR, 13.70; 95% CI, 1.36-138.29). In conclusion, this study highlighted the important role of serum folate concentration for cognitive function and provided a concise picture regarding the elevated levels of oxidative DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cognition Disorders/blood; Cognition Disorders/genetics; Cognition Disorders/epidemiology*
  12. Abu Bakar ZH, Damanhuri HA, Makpol S, Wan Kamaruddin WMA, Abdul Sani NF, Amir Hamzah AIZ, et al.
    J Alzheimers Dis, 2019;70(s1):S43-S62.
    PMID: 30594926 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-180511
    BACKGROUND: Many studies on biochemical and psychological variables have aimed to elucidate the association between aging and cognitive function. Demographic differences and protein expression have been reported to play a role in determining the cognitive capability of a population.

    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the effect of age on the protein profile of Malay individuals and its association with cognitive competency.

    METHODS: A total of 160 individuals were recruited and grouped accordingly. Cognitive competency of each subject was assessed with several neuropsychological tests. Plasma samples were collected and analyzed with Q Exactive HF Orbitrap. Proteins were identified and quantitated with MaxQuant and further analyzed with Perseus to determine differentially expressed proteins. PANTHER, Reactome, and STRING were applied for bioinformatics output.

    RESULTS: Our data showed that the Malay individuals are vulnerable to the deterioration of cognitive function with aging, and most of the proteins were differentially expressed in concordance. Several physiological components and pathways were shown to be involved, giving a hint of a promising interpretation on the induction of aging toward the state of the Malays' cognitive function. Nevertheless, some proteins have shown a considerable interaction with the generated protein network, which provides a direction of focus for further investigation.

    CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated notable changes in the expression of several proteins as age increased. These changes provide a promising platform for understanding the biochemical factors affecting cognitive function in the Malay population. The exhibited network of protein-protein interaction suggests the possibility of implementing regulatory intervention in ameliorating Malay cognitive function.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cognition
  13. Phillips LH, Lawrie L, Schaefer A, Tan CY, Yong MH
    Front Psychol, 2021;12:631458.
    PMID: 33692728 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.631458
    Planning ability is important in everyday functioning, and a key measure to assess the preparation and execution of plans is the Tower of London (ToL) task. Previous studies indicate that older adults are often less accurate than the young on the ToL and that there may be cultural differences in performance on the task. However, potential interactions between age and culture have not previously been explored. In the current study we examined the effects of age on ToL performance in an Asian culture (Malaysia) and a Western culture (British) (n = 191). We also explored whether working memory, age, education, and socioeconomic status explained variance in ToL performance across these two cultures. Results indicated that age effects on ToL performance were greater in the Malaysian sample. Subsequent moderated mediation analysis revealed differences between the two cultures (British vs Malaysians), in that the age-related variance in ToL accuracy was accounted for by WM capacity at low and medium education levels only in the Malaysian sample. Demographic variables could not explain additional variance in ToL speed or accuracy. These results may reflect cultural differences in the familiarity and cognitive load of carrying out complex planning tasks.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cognition
  14. Raylu N, Loo J, Oei TPS
    J Cogn Psychother, 2013;27(3):297-322.
    PMID: 32759146 DOI: 10.1891/0889-8391.27.3.297
    Much research has been conducted in the treatment of gambling problems. However, very little is reported specifically on treating Asian problem gamblers. Thus, this article reviewed the general problem gambling treatment literature as well as the limited Asian problem gambling treatment literature to provide a discussion of interventions that can be used with Asian problem gamblers. The general literature showed that behavioral, cognitive, and combined cognitive behavioral treatments (CBT) have the most treatment outcome literature and appear to be the most effective in treating gambling problems. Although, pharmacotherapy also looks promising, it may be more suitable for problem gamblers with comorbid mood problems or impulsivity. Research on other forms of treatments also exists (e.g., 12-step and psychodynamic treatment approaches) but are not as robust. Only three studies have reported on the effectiveness of treatment with Asian problem gamblers. The first study is case study. The second study presents data from a treatment program for Asian problem gambling and the last one presents preliminary findings of a telephone delivered treatment program with eight Asian American gamblers. These studies support the general treatment literature in showing that CBT and pharmacotherapy have a role to play in treating Asian problem gamblers. Based on the general and Asian problem gambling treatment literature, a discussion of treatment of Asian problem gamblers is provided including the use of CBT and other forms of treatment, issues to address in treatment, and variables that can assist treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cognition
  15. Choo, Brandon Kar Meng, Kumari, Yatinesh, Mun, Hue-Seow, Shaikh, Mohd. Farooq
    Neuroscience Research Notes, 2018;1(3):35-53.
    MyJurnal
    Epileptic seizures result from excessive brain activity and may affect sensory, motor and autonomic function; as well as, emotional state, memory, cognition or behaviour. Effective anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are available but have tolerability issues due to their side effects. Medicinal plants are potential candidates for novel AEDs, as many are traditional epilepsy remedies. Malaysia is a megadiverse country, with many endemic plants serving as a large pool of potential candidates for the development of local herbal products. The large variety of flora makesMalaysia a prime location for the discovery of medicinal plants with anti-convulsive potential. This review lists 23 Malaysian medicinal plants, of which four are used traditionally to treat epilepsy, without any scientific evidence. A further eight plants have no known traditional anti-epileptic usebut have scientific evidence of its anti-epileptic activity. The remaining 11 plants possess both traditional use and scientific evidence. Thus, this review identified several potential candidates for the development of novel AEDs or enhancing current ones; as well as identified an imbalance between traditional use and scientific evidence. In addition, this review also identified several limitations in the reviewed studies and provided additional information to facilitate the design of future studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cognition
  16. Liu C, Zhao M, Zheng Y, Cheng L, Zhang J, Tee CATH
    Langmuir, 2021 Jan 26;37(3):983-1000.
    PMID: 33443436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02758
    When two or more droplets coalesce on a superhydrophobic surface, the merged droplet can jump spontaneously from the surface without requiring any external energy. This phenomenon is defined as coalescence-induced droplet jumping and has received significant attention due to its potential applications in a variety of self-cleaning, anti-icing, antifrosting, and condensation heat-transfer enhancement uses. This article reviews the research and applications of coalescence-induced droplet jumping behavior in recent years, including the influence of droplet parameters on coalescence-induced droplet jumping, such as the droplet size, number, and initial velocity, to name a few. The main structure types and influence mechanism of the superhydrophobic substrates for coalescence-induced droplet jumping are described, and the potential application areas of coalescence-induced droplet jumping are summarized and forecasted.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cognition
  17. Abdollahpour Ranjbar H, Parhoon H, Mohammadkhani S, Munawar K, Moradi A, Jobson L
    Suicide Life Threat Behav, 2021 06;51(3):586-595.
    PMID: 33565166 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12735
    OBJECTIVE: This study compared cognitive control (working memory, interference control, perseveration) and cognitive emotion regulation among Iranian women with depression who had attempted suicide, had only suicidal ideation, and healthy controls.

    METHOD: Participants (N = 75) completed a clinical interview, cognitive control tasks, and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire.

    RESULTS: Those with suicidal ideation or previous attempts had poorer cognitive control and cognitive emotion regulation than controls. Furthermore, those who had attempted suicide had poorer cognitive control and reported greater use of self-blame, rumination, and catastrophizing, and less use of acceptance, than those with suicidal ideation only. There was an indirect effect of cognitive control deficits on suicidality through cognitive emotion regulation (self-blame, acceptance, rumination, catastrophizing).

    CONCLUSIONS: Exploring these cognitive deficits and difficulties can assist in further understanding the risk factors for suicidality and improve targeted interventions. This is of particular relevance in Iran where the need for policies and interventions targeting the prevention of suicide has been identified.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cognition
  18. RUSSEL DUNDANG ANAK JEFFREY, MARY FATIMAH SUBET
    MyJurnal
    The use of proverbs in Iban community illustrates that the community exercise language politeness in giving reproach, advice or insinuation to others. The elements used in the proverbs also reflect and describe the culture of this community by applying their experiences and observations to the environment. This study is conducted to analyze the natural elements in Ibans’ proverbs using inquisitive semantic analysis. This research is based on two objectives, namely listing and identifying Ibans’ proverbs (jaku' sempama) which contain elements of nature in the creation and to analyzing the mind and philosophy of Iban community in the creation of proverbs (jaku' sempama) by using inquisitive semantics as the theoretical framework. The natural elements identified are divided into 4 domains, namely animals, plants, resources or energy, and the universe. This is a qualitative research. Corpus data is gathered and two informants were interviewed. The meanings of the proverbs, the cognitive and the philosophy behind the creation of the proverbs plus the intellects of the Iban community are incorporated to reveal the Iban ingenuity behind the creation of a particular proverb. This study also incorporated knowledge from other areas in giving answers on the use of the natural elements identified in the Iban proverbs. Findings show that there are hidden philosophy behind the creations of the proverbs and this philosophy can be attributed to the culture of the community that behold the proverbs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cognition
  19. Mansor NS, Chow CM, Halaki M
    Aging Ment Health, 2020 06;24(6):841-856.
    PMID: 30784296 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1574710
    The growing interest in preserving cognition through video games in the ageing population is evidenced by its wealth of literature. However, there has been a lack of consensus on video games efficacy and even limited understanding on the factors moderating its effectiveness. The present review sought to evaluate video game effects, relative to no-game control condition, on cognitive functions in older adults. The functions included processing speed, attention, delayed memory, reasoning, and executive functions (inhibition, shifting and updating memory). Personal and methodological moderators were explored to explain the variability in cognitive effects using meta-regression. Through a systematic literature search of online databases, 27 intervention studies were eligible, with a total of 1126 participants, for analysis. Using random-effect models, small but significant training effects were found on updating memory but none were detected in other cognitive functions. The heterogeneity across studies was in general high for all cognitive functions and was partially accounted for, in all cognitive functions except for inhibition and updating, by different moderators such as the proportion of females, outcome measure parameters, training intensity, and game type. The findings highlight limited effects of video games on cognitive functions that were largely influenced by factors related to study design.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cognition
  20. Yahya N, Manan HA
    Eur J Cancer Care (Engl), 2021 Jan;30(1):e13329.
    PMID: 32909654 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13329
    BACKGROUND: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can detect changes to white matter tracts following assaults including high dose radiation. This study aimed to systematically evaluate DTI indices to predict cognitive changes following adult radiotherapy.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched PubMed and Scopus electronic databases to identify eligible studies according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies were extracted for information on demographics, DTI changes and associations to cognitive outcomes.

    RESULTS: Six studies were selected for inclusion with 110 patients (median study size: 20). 5/6 studies found significant cognitive decline and analysed relationships to DTI changes. Decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) was consistently associated with cognitive decline. Associations clustered at specific regions of cingulum and corpus callosum. Only one study conducted multivariable analysis.

    CONCLUSION: Fractional anisotropy is a clinically meaningful biomarker for radiotherapy-related cognitive decline. Studies accruing larger patient cohorts are needed to guide therapeutic changes that can abate the decline.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cognition
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links