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Fulltext Gypsum-Based Material for Dental Pulp Capping: Effect of Chitosan and BMP-2 on Physical, Mechanical, and Cellular Properties

Subhi H, Reza F, Husein A, Al Shehadat SA, Nurul AA

Int J Biomater, 2018;2018:3804293.
PMID: 30147725 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3804293

Effective pulp capping material must be biocompatible and have the ability to induce dentin bridge formation as well as having suitable physical and mechanical properties; however, many current materials do not satisfy the clinical requirements. This study aimed to assess the physical and mechanical properties of gypsum-based chitosan material (Gp-CT) and to evaluate its effects on cellular properties of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). The experimental material was prepared with different concentrations of chitosan (CT) with or without BMP-2. Then, setting time, compressive strength, and pH were determined. In addition, cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and cell attachment were assessed. The setting time, compressive strength, and pH obtained were 4.1-6.6 min, 2.63-5.83 MPa, and 6.5-5.7, respectively. The cell viability to gypsum (Gp) with different CT concentrations was similar to that of the control on day 1 but statistically different from that of Gp alone on day 3. The ALP activity of SHED was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in CT- and BMP-2-containing materials than those in the control and Dycal at days 3 and 14. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image revealed that flattened cells were distributed across and adhered to the material surface. In conclusion, Gp-CT material shows promise as a potential material for direct pulp capping.

Matched MeSH terms: Dentin
Influence of the loci of non-cavitated fissure caries on its detection with optical coherence tomography

Zain E, Zakian CM, Chew HP

J Dent, 2018 04;71:31-37.
PMID: 29378225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.01.009

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in detecting naturally occurring non-cavitated fissure caries (NCFC) in totality and at different loci by visually assessing cross-sectional OCT scans (B-scan) with an interpretation criterion. The secondary objective was to evaluate the agreement between dimensions of NCFC measured with OCT and polarized light microscopy (PLM).
METHODS: 71 investigation sites of sound fissure and naturally occurring NCFC on human extracted premolars were identified and scanned with a swept-source OCT. The teeth were then sectioned bucco-lingually at the investigation sites and imaged using PLM. Two calibrated examiners trained on the B-scan NCFC visual interpretation criteria established for this study, assessed the investigation sites and results were validated against PLM.
RESULTS: Detection sensitivity of B-scan for NCFC when fissures were assessed in totality, or on the slopes or walls separately are 0.98, 0.95, 0.94 and specificity are 0.95, 0.90, and 0.95. One-way ANOVA showed that width measurements of wall loci done with OCT and PLM were not statistically different. However, OCT height measurements of slope loci were statistically bigger with a constant bias of 0.08 mm (of which is not clinically significant) and OCT height measurements of wall loci were statistically smaller (0.57 mm) and Bland-Altman plots indicated presence of proportionate bias.
CONCLUSION: Visual assessment of B-scans with the interpretation criteria resulted in both high specificity and sensitivity and were not affected by loci location. OCT width measurement of wall loci is in agreement with PLM.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Unanimous high sensitivity in this and previous studies indicate that visual assessment of B-scans reliably rule out NCFC. Detection accuracy was not affected by loci location. Width of wall loci and/or height of slope loci in OCT B-scan are to be used for monitoring NCFC but not height of wall loci.

Matched MeSH terms: Dentin Sensitivity
Fulltext Antifungal effectiveness of various intracanal medicaments against Candida albicans: an ex-vivo study

Chua EG, Parolia A, Ahlawat P, Pau A, Amalraj FD

BMC Oral Health, 2014;14:53.
PMID: 24886335 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-53

To investigate the antifungal activity of propolis, triple antibiotic paste (TAP), 2% chlorhexidine gel and calcium hydroxide with propylene glycol on Candida albicans-infected root canal dentinal tubules at two different depths (200 μm and 400 μm) and two time intervals (day 1 and 7).

Matched MeSH terms: Dentin/microbiology
Sealing ability of various restorative materials as coronal barriers between endodontic appointments

Tapsir Z, Aly Ahmed HM, Luddin N, Husein A

J Contemp Dent Pract, 2013 Jan 1;14(1):47-50.
PMID: 23579892

To evaluate and compare the microleakage of various restorative materials used as coronal barriers between endodontic appointments.

Matched MeSH terms: Dentin/ultrastructure
The effect of filler content and processing variables on dimensional accuracy of experimental composite inlay material

Razak AA, Harrison A

J Prosthet Dent, 1997 Apr;77(4):353-8.
PMID: 9104710

Dimensional accuracy of a composite inlay restoration is important to ensure an accurate fit and to minimize cementation stresses.

Matched MeSH terms: Dentin-Bonding Agents/chemistry
Intracanal bisphosphonate does not inhibit replacement resorption associated with delayed replantation of monkey incisors

Thong YL, Messer HH, Zain RB, Saw LH, Yoong LT

Dent Traumatol, 2009 Aug;25(4):386-93.
PMID: 19459923 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2008.00631.x

Progressive replacement resorption following delayed replantation of avulsed teeth has proved to be an intractable clinical problem. A wide variety of therapeutic approaches have failed to result in the predictable arrest of resorption, with a good long-term prognosis for tooth survival. Bisphosphonates are used in the medical management of a range of bone disorders and topically applied bisphosphonate has been reported to inhibit root resorption in dogs. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a bisphosphonate (etidronate disodium) as an intracanal medicament in the root canals of avulsed monkey teeth, placed before replantation after 1 h of extraoral dry storage. Incisors of six Macaca fascicularis monkeys were extracted and stored dry for 1 h. Teeth were then replanted after canal contamination with dental plaque (negative control) or after root canal debridement and placement of etidronate sealed in the canal space. A positive control of calcium hydroxide placed 8-9 days after replantation was also included. All monkeys were sacrificed 8 weeks later and block sections were prepared for histomorphometric assessment of root resorption and periodontal ligament status. Untreated teeth showed the greatest extent of root resorption (46% of the root surface), which was predominantly inflammatory in nature. Calcium hydroxide treated teeth showed the lowest overall level of resorption (<30% of the root surface), while the bisphosphonate-treated group was intermediate (39%). Ankylosis, defined as the extent of the root surface demonstrating direct bony union to both intact and resorbed root surface, was the lowest in the untreated control group (15% of the root surface), intermediate in the calcium hydroxide group (27%) and the highest in the bisphosphonate group (41%). Bony attachment to the tooth root was divided approximately equally between attachment to intact cementum and to previously resorbed dentin. Overall, bisphosphonate resulted in a worse outcome than calcium hydroxide in terms of both root resorption and ankylosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Dentin/pathology