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Effects of Ficus deltoidea aqueous extract on hematological and biochemical parameters in rats

Fazliana MS, Muhajir H, Hazilawati H, Shafii K, Mazleha M

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:103-4.
PMID: 19025006

Aqueous extract of Ficus deltoidea var. agustifolia was examined for the subchronic toxicity effects in rats. Groups of 10 rats were given the extract daily by oral gavage for 90 days at 0 (control), 100 and 300mg/kg/body weight, respectively. Blood samples were collected upon sacrificed and analysed for haemogram and biochemistry. The results showed there were no significant changes of the blood parameters in all treated groups compared to the control.

Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins/drug effects*
Fulltext Identification of hemoglobin AC heterozygote status in a Malay family: a decision between hemoglobin electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromotography

Rosline H, Roshan TM, Ahmed SA, Ilunihayati I

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2007 May;38(3):543-5.
PMID: 17877232

Thalassemia is a common public health problem among Malays. Hemoglobin C (Hb C) is a hemoglobin beta variant resulting from a single base mutation at the 6th position of the beta-globin gene leading to the substitution of glycine for glutamic acid. Hb C is commonly detected in West Africans and in African American but has not been reported in Malaysia. It can be falsely diagnosed as HbE trait in the Malaysian Thalassemia Screening Program which utilizes cellulose acetate hemoglobin electrophoresis. This is the first reported case of Hb AC heterozygote status in a Malay family, with unusual splenomegaly in one of the family members.

Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins, Abnormal/analysis*
Fulltext Operative treatment of trochanteric fractures with dynamic hip screw--is perioperative blood transfusion needed?

Chua YP, Kwan MK, Saw A

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jul;60 Suppl C:78-82.
PMID: 16381289

The need for perioperative blood transfusion in elderly patients with trochanteric fracture scheduled for elective dynamic hip screw fixation has recently been questioned following reports on the association between allogeneic blood transfusion and post-operative infections. This retrospective study was undertaken to assess the amount of per operative blood loss and transfusion requirement in relation to pre-operative haemoglobin level in 198 patients with trochanteric fractures. The average per operative blood loss was 409 ml and it correlated well with the duration of the operation. More than half of the patients (52.5%) required blood transfusion and nearly three-quarters were anaemic prior to the surgery. Proactive pre-operative measures to optimize the patient's haemoglobin level and intra-operative minimization of blood loss are essential steps to obviate the need for perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion.

Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins/metabolism*
Fulltext Haemoglobin Lepore in a Malay family: a case report

Pasangna J, George E, Nagaratnam M

Malays J Pathol, 2005 Jun;27(1):33-7.
PMID: 16676691

A 2-year-old Malay boy was brought to the University Malaya Medical Centre for thalassaemia screening. Physical examination revealed thalassaemia facies, pallor, mild jaundice, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Laboratory investigations on the patient including studies on the parents lead to a presumptive diagnosis of homozygous Haemoglobin Lepore (Hb Lepore). The aim of this paper is to increase awareness of this rare disorder, this being the first case documented in Malaysia in a Malay. The case also demonstrates the need for this disorder to be included in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting clinically like thalassemia intermedia or thalassemia major. Accurate diagnosis would provide information necessary for prenatal diagnosis, proper clinical management and genetic counseling. The clinical, haematological and laboratory features of this disorder are discussed in this paper.

Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins, Abnormal/genetics*
Poor correlation between hemolysis and jaundice in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient babies

Jalloh S, Van Rostenberghe H, Yusoff NM, Ghazali S, Nik Ismail NZ, Matsuo M, et al.

Pediatr Int, 2005 Jun;47(3):258-61.
PMID: 15910447

The role of hemolysis in the pathophysiology of neonatal jaundice (NNJ) in patients with glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency has been questioned recently. The aim of the present study was to determine the contribution of hemolysis to the pathophysiology of jaundice in Malay neonates with G6PD deficiency and NNJ.

Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins/analysis
Fulltext DNA studies are necessary for accurate patient diagnosis in compound heterozygosity for Hb Adana (HBA2:c.179>A) with deletional or nondeletional α-thalassaemia

Tan JA, Kho SL, Ngim CF, Chua KH, Goh AS, Yeoh SL, et al.

Sci Rep, 2016 06 08;6:26994.
PMID: 27271331 DOI: 10.1038/srep26994

Haemoglobin (Hb) Adana (HBA2:c.179>A) interacts with deletional and nondeletional α-thalassaemia mutations to produce HbH disorders with varying clinical manifestations from asymptomatic to severe anaemia with significant hepatosplenomegaly. Hb Adana carriers are generally asymptomatic and haemoglobin subtyping is unable to detect this highly unstable α-haemoglobin variant. This study identified 13 patients with compound heterozygosity for Hb Adana with either the 3.7 kb gene deletion (-α(3.7)), Hb Constant Spring (HbCS) (HBA2:c.427T>C) or Hb Paksé (HBA2:429A>T). Multiplex Amplification Refractory Mutation System was used for the detection of five deletional and six nondeletional α-thalassaemia mutations. Duplex-PCR was used to confirm Hb Paksé and HbCS. Results showed 84.6% of the Hb Adana patients were Malays. Using DNA studies, compound heterozygosity for Hb Adana and HbCS (α(codon 59)α/α(CS)α) was confirmed in 11 patients. A novel point in this investigation was that DNA studies confirmed Hb Paksé for the first time in a Malaysian patient (α(codon 59)α/α(Paksé)α) after nine years of being misdiagnosis with Hb Adana and HbCS (α(codon 59)α/α(CS)α). Thus, the reliance on haematology studies and Hb subtyping to detect Hb variants is inadequate in countries where thalassaemia is prevalent and caused by a wide spectrum of mutations.

Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins, Abnormal/genetics*
Effect of laparoscopic sterilization and insertion of Multiload Cu 250 and Progestasert IUDs on serum ferritin levels

Goh TH, Hariharan M

Contraception, 1983 Oct;28(4):329-36.
PMID: 6667621

Blood haemoglobin and serum ferritin levels were measured at the initial visit and 12 months following sterilization and IUD insertion. Ferritin levels were unaltered in Progestasert users after 12 months but haemoglobin values increased though not significantly. Ferritin levels fell in Multiload Cu 250 users and in sterilized women; haemoglobin levels were also observed to fall but significantly only in the latter group. Iron-deficiency anaemia was prevalent at initial contact and there appeared to be an increased risk subsequently in Multiload Cu 250 users and in those who were sterilized. Screening and monitoring for anaemia is indicated. From the viewpoint of iron status, the Progestasert is preferable to the Multiload Cu 250 but it suffers the major disadvantages of needing frequent replacement and of causing menstrual disturbances which might compromise its acceptability. Menstrual blood loss studies may help explain why anaemia develops after sterilization.

Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins/analysis
Haemaglobin Bart's in cord blood of Malaysians

George E, Selamah G

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1981 Mar;12(1):87-9.
PMID: 6894805

In the newborn the diagnosis of alpha thalassaemia trait is easier because of the presence of haemoglobin Bart's (Hb Bart's). Alpha thalassaemia is common in Southeast Asia. Malaysians are composed of the ethnic groups Malays, Chinese, Indians and Eurasians. Hb Bart's itself is not a simple inherited character but arises from genetically determined imbalance in the biosynthesis of alpha and non alpha chains. 58% of the cord blood samples tested showed raised levels of Hb Bart's. In the Chinese the most common cause of hereditary haemolytic anaemia is haemoglobin H and hydrops foetalis is seen. The rare occurrence of these syndromes in the Malays and Indians in spite of the presence of Hb Bart's indicates an altered expression of the alpha thalassaemia gene in these populations.

Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins, Abnormal/analysis*
Fulltext Homozygous haemoglobin E in association with hereditary ovalocytosis

George E, Kudva MV

Med J Malaysia, 1989 Sep;44(3):255-8.
PMID: 2626141

Hereditary stomatocytic ovalocytosis and haemoglobin E are two genes present in 3-5% of Malays. This is a report of a 22 year old Malay college student with homozygous haemoglobin E and hereditary stomatocytic ovalocytosis where the clinical effects seen were the result of the summation of these genes: he was asymptomatic, presenting with moderate jaundice, moderate hepatosplenomegaly, and a mild haemolytic anaemia.

Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins, Abnormal/genetics*
Identification of slow-moving haemoglobins in haemoglobin H disease from different racial groups

Fessas P, Eng LI, Na-Nakorn S, Todd D, Clegg JB, Weatherall DJ

Lancet, 1972 Jun 17;1(7764):1308-10.
PMID: 4113401
Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins, Abnormal/isolation & purification*
Intestinal parasites, eosinophilia, haemoglobin and gamma globulin of Malay, Chinese and Indian schoolchildren

Bisseru B, Abdul Aziz bin Ahmad

Med J Malaya, 1970 Sep;25(1):29-33.
PMID: 4098546
Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins/analysis*
Haemoglobin F Malaysia: alpha 2, gamma 2 1(NA1) glycine--cysteine; 136 glycine

Eng LI, Kamuzora H, Lehmann H

J Med Genet, 1974 Mar;11(1):25-30.
PMID: 4837284
Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins, Abnormal/analysis*
Fulltext Hematology and serum biochemistry parameters for rescued common palm civets (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) in different age groups

Ahmad AA, Jayarajah P, Han GWY, Yin SJOW, Rasedee A

J Vet Med Sci, 2017 Jun 29;79(6):1134-1137.
PMID: 28484127 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0082

Currently, there are no complete parameters established for serum biochemistry and hematology for the determination of health status of rescued common palm civets (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus). In this study, blood samples were obtained from 18 adults and 15 juvenile civets caught on Singapore Main Island. Significant age-related differences (P<0.05) were noted in the hemoglobin, erythrocyte count, packed cell volume (PCV), total serum protein and globulin concentration in the adult civets showing higher values compared with the juvenile civets. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV), the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the phosphorus concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.05) in juveniles compared with adult civets.

Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins/analysis
A Unique Interaction of IVS-I-1 (G>A) (HBA2: c.95+1G>A) with Hb Adana (HBA2: c.179G>A) Presenting as Transfusion-Dependent α-Thalassemia

Alauddin H, Kamarudin K, Loong TY, Azma RZ, Ithnin A, Jalil N, et al.

Hemoglobin, 2018 Jul;42(4):247-251.
PMID: 30623696 DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2018.1528985

Nondeletional α-globin mutations are known to cause more serious clinical effects than deletional ones. A rare IVS-I-1 (G>A) (HBA2: c.95+1G>A) donor splice site mutation interferes with normal splicing of pre mRNA and results in activation of a cryptic splice site as well as a frameshift mutation. Hb Adana [HBA2: c.179G>A (or HBA1)] is a highly unstable variant hemoglobin (Hb) resulting from a mutation at codon 59 on the HBA2 or HBA1 gene, recognized to cause severe α-thalassemia (α-thal) syndromes. We report a unique case of compound heterozygosity for these two mutations in a 9-year-old boy who presented with a Hb level of 5.3 g/dL and hepatomegaly at the age of 15 months. He required regular blood transfusions in view of a Hb level of <7.0 g/dL and failure to thrive. He had thalassemic red cell indices and peripheral blood film. The Hb electrophoresis only showed a raised Hb F level (3.3%) and a pre run peak but the Hb H inclusion test was negative. His father had thalassemic red cell indices but a normal Hb level. His mother had almost normal Hb levels and red cell indices. Hb Adana involving the HBA2 gene was detected by mutiplex amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) in the proband and his father. DNA sequencing of the HBA2 gene confirmed the IVS-I-1 mutation in the proband and his mother. This case highlighted the unique interaction of the IVS-I-1 mutation with Hb Adana in a young Malay boy presenting with transfusion-dependent α-thal.

Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins, Abnormal/genetics*
Hb Bart's level in cord blood and deletions of alpha-globin genes

Lie-Injo LE, Solai A, Herrera AR, Nicolaisen L, Kan YW, Wan WP, et al.

Blood, 1982 Feb;59(2):370-6.
PMID: 6895707

The white blood cell DNA of 36 cord blood samples with Hb Bart's in the red blood cells was studied for alpha-globin gene deletions by hybridization of DNA fragments digested by the restriction endonucleases Eco RI, Hpa I, Bam HI, and Bgl II. All 16 DNA samples from cord blood with Hb Bart's below 3% and no other abnormal hemoglobin had one alpha-globin gene deletion (alpha thal2), except one which had two alpha-globin gene deletions (alpha thal1). Most of the alpha thal2 were of the rightward deletion alpha thal2 genotype. Two new types of alpha thal2 variation was found, probably due to a polymorphism somewhere in an area outside the alpha-globin gene. All 14 cases with Hb Bart's between 3.5% and 8.5% and no other abnormal hemoglobin had two alpha-globin gene deletions (alpha thal1), except one that did not have any alpha-globin gene deletion and one that had one alpha-globin gene deletion. Three DNA samples of cord blood with Hb Bart's accompanied by Hb CoSp did not have any alpha-globin gene deletion. Sixty-five DNA samples from cord blood without Hb Bart's or other abnormal hemoglobin had no alpha-globin gene deletions, except one that had one alpha-globin gene deletion (alpha thal2). Two of the 65 DNA samples were found to have triplicated alpha-globin gene loci.

Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins, Abnormal/analysis*
Fulltext Effects of Nephrolithiasis on Serum DNase (Deoxyribonuclease I and II) Activity and E3 SUMO-Protein Ligase NSE2 (NSMCE2) in Malaysian Individuals

Yusof F, Mehde AA, Mehdi WA, Raus RA, Ghazali H, Rahman AA

Biomed Environ Sci, 2015 Sep;28(9):660-5.
PMID: 26464253 DOI: 10.3967/bes2015.092

OBJECTIVE: Nephrolithiasis is one of the most common disorders of the urinary tract. The aim of this study was to examine a possible relationship between DNase I/II activity and E3 SUMO-protein ligase NSE2 in the sera of nephrolithiasis patients to evaluate the possibility of a new biomarker for evaluating kidney damage.
METHODS: Sixty nephrolithiasis patients and 50 control patients were enrolled in a case-control study. Their blood urea, creatinine, protein levels and DNase I/II activity levels were measured by spectrometry. Serum NSMCE2 levels were measured by ELISA. Blood was collected from patients of the government health clinics in Kuantan-Pahang and fulfilled the inclusion criteria.
RESULTS: The result indicated that mean levels of sera NSMCE2 have a significantly increase (P<0.01) in patients compared to control group. Compared with control subjects, activities and specific activities of serum DNase I and II were significantly elevated in nephrolithiasis patients (P$lt;0.01).
CONCLUSION: This study suggests that an increase in serum concentrations of DNase I/II and E3 SUMO-protein ligase NSE2 level can be used as indicators for the diagnosis of kidney injury in patients with nephrolithiasis.

Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins/analysis
Two types of triplicated alpha-globin loci in humans

Lie-Injo LE, Herrera AR, Kan YW

Nucleic Acids Res, 1981 Aug 11;9(15):3707-17.
PMID: 6269090

DNA from healthy Malaysian newborns was studied on gene maps after digestion with different restriction endonucleases. Of 65 newborns, two were found to be carriers of two different variants of triplicated alpha-globin loci. In variant no. 1, found in an Malay, the three alpha-globin genes are in an elongated DNA fragment on digestion with Eco RI and Bam HI. The third alpha-globin gene was found in a additional 3.7-kb fragment on digestion with Hpa I, Bgl II and Hind III. In variant no. 2, a new type of triplicated alpha-globin loci, found in a Chinese, the three alpha-globin genes reside in an elongated DNA fragment longer than that of variant no. 1 on digestion with Eco RI and Bam HI. The third alpha-globin gene was found in an additional 4.2-kb fragment on digestion with Hpa I and Hind III. Digestion of this variant DNA with Bg1 II produced an abnormal 16.7-kb fragment in addition to the normal 7.0-kb Bgl-II fragment. The locations of the restriction sites in the two types of triplicated alpha-globin loci are compatible with a mechanism of unequal crossing over following two different modes of misalignment.

Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins, Abnormal/genetics
A molecular marker associated with mild hemoglobin H disease

George E, Ferguson V, Yakas J, Kronenberg H, Trent RJ

Pathology, 1989 Jan;21(1):27-30.
PMID: 2762043

The clinical spectrum of HbH disease varies from a benign disorder to a severe anemia which is blood-transfusion dependent. Heterogeneity at the clinical level is now being understood in terms of the underlying molecular defects. In this study a mild phenotype found in a group of patients with HbH disease is associated with two types of alpha-thalassemia. These are: alpha+-thalassemia (-alpha 3.7/) and alpha 0-thalassemia (--SEA/). In contrast, a second group with more severe HbH disease has a non-deletional alpha-thalassemia defect instead of alpha+-thalassemia (genotype alpha alpha T/--SEA). In the majority of cases, the basis for non-deletional alpha-thalassemia is Hb Constant Spring.

Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins, Abnormal/genetics*
Haemoglobin Constant Spring (HbA2: c.427T>C) and Haemoglobin Adana (HbA2: c.179G>A) in jaundiced Malaysian term neonates with clinically significant hyperbilirubinemia

Shwe S, Boo NY, Ong HK, Chee SC, Maslina M, Ling MMM, et al.

Malays J Pathol, 2020 Aug;42(2):253-257.
PMID: 32860378

INTRODUCTION: Haemoglobin Constant Spring (Hb CoSp) and Haemoglobin Adana (Hb Adana), are two non-deletion type of α-thalassemia reported in Malaysia. Owing to their structural instability, they cause hemolysis and hyperbilirubinemia. This observational study was part of a large study investigating multiple factors associated with severe neonatal jaundice. In this part we aimed to determine the prevalence of Hb CoSp and Hb Adana and their association with clinically significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (SigNH, total serum bilirubin (TSB>290µmol/L)) among jaundiced Malaysian term neonates.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The inclusion criteria were normal term-gestation neonates admitted consecutively for phototherapy. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was applied on DNA extracted from dry blood spot specimens of each neonate to detect for Hb CoSp and Hb Adana gene. Positive samples were verified by gene sequencing.
RESULTS: Of the 1121 neonates recruited (719 SigNH and 402 no-SigNH), heterozygous Hb CoSp gene was detected in only two (0.27%) neonates. Both were SigNH neonates (0.3% or 2/719). No neonate had Hb Adana variant.
CONCLUSION: Hb CoSp was not common but could be a risk factor associated with SigNH. No Hb Adana was detected.

Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins, Abnormal/genetics*
Molecular characterization of beta-globin gene mutations in Malay patients with Hb E-beta-thalassaemia and thalassaemia major

Yang KG, Kutlar F, George E, Wilson JB, Kutlar A, Stoming TA, et al.

Br J Haematol, 1989 May;72(1):73-80.
PMID: 2736244

This study concerned the identification of the beta-thalassaemia mutations that were present in 27 Malay patients with Hb E-beta-thalassaemia and seven Malay patients with thalassaemia major who were from West Malaysia. Nearly 50% of all beta-thalassaemia chromosomes carried the G----C substitution at nucleotide 5 of IVS-I; the commonly occurring Chinese anomalies such as the frameshift at codons 41 and 42, the nonsense mutation A----T at codon 17, the A----G substitution at position -28 of the promoter region, and the C----T substitution at position 654 of the second intron, were rare or absent. Two new thalassaemia mutations were discovered. The first involves a frameshift at codon 35 (-C) that was found in two patients with Hb E-beta zero-thalassaemia and causes a beta zero-thalassaemia because a stop codon is present at codon 60. The second is an AAC----AGC mutation in codon 19 that was present on six chromosomes. This substitution results in the production of an abnormal beta chain (beta-Malay) that has an Asn----Ser substitution at position beta 19. Hb Malay is a 'Hb Knossos-like' beta +-thalassaemia abnormality; the A----G mutation at codon 19 likely creates an alternate splicing site between codons 17 and 18, reducing the efficiency of the normal donor splice site at IVS-I to about 60%.

Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobins, Abnormal/genetics*

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