Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 169 in total

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  1. Fulltext Sound signatures and production mechanisms of three species of pipefishes (Family: Syngnathidae)
    Lim AC, Chong VC, Wong CS, Muniandy SV
    PeerJ, 2015;3:e1471.
    PMID: 26734507 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1471
    Background. Syngnathid fishes produce three kinds of sounds, named click, growl and purr. These sounds are generated by different mechanisms to give a consistent signal pattern or signature which is believed to play a role in intraspecific and interspecific communication. Commonly known sounds are produced when the fish feeds (click, purr) or is under duress (growl). While there are more acoustic studies on seahorses, pipefishes have not received much attention. Here we document the differences in feeding click signals between three species of pipefishes and relate them to cranial morphology and kinesis, or the sound-producing mechanism. Methods. The feeding clicks of two species of freshwater pipefishes, Doryichthys martensii and Doryichthys deokhathoides and one species of estuarine pipefish, Syngnathoides biaculeatus, were recorded by a hydrophone in acoustic dampened tanks. The acoustic signals were analysed using time-scale distribution (or scalogram) based on wavelet transform. A detailed time-varying analysis of the spectral contents of the localized acoustic signal was obtained by jointly interpreting the oscillogram, scalogram and power spectrum. The heads of both Doryichthys species were prepared for microtomographical scans which were analysed using a 3D imaging software. Additionally, the cranial bones of all three species were examined using a clearing and double-staining method for histological studies. Results. The sound characteristics of the feeding click of the pipefish is species-specific, appearing to be dependent on three bones: the supraoccipital, 1st postcranial plate and 2nd postcranial plate. The sounds are generated when the head of the Dorichthyes pipefishes flexes backward during the feeding strike, as the supraoccipital slides backwards, striking and pushing the 1st postcranial plate against (and striking) the 2nd postcranial plate. In the Syngnathoides pipefish, in the absence of the 1st postcranial plate, the supraoccipital rubs against the 2nd postcranial plate twice as it is pulled backward and released on the return. Cranial morphology and kinesis produce acoustic signals consistent with the bone strikes that produce sharp energy spikes (discrete or merged), or stridulations between bones that produce repeated or multimodal sinusoidal waveforms. Discussion. The variable structure of the sound-producing mechanism explains the unique acoustic signatures of the three species of pipefish. The differences in cranial bone morphology, cranial kinesis and acoustic signatures among pipefishes (and seahorses) could be attributed to independent evolution within the Syngnathidae, which warrants further investigation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imaging, Three-Dimensional
  2. Conceptual transitions in methods of skull-photo superimposition that impact the reliability of identification: a review
    Jayaprakash PT
    Forensic Sci Int, 2015 Jan;246:110-21.
    PMID: 25498986 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.10.043
    Establishing identification during skull-photo superimposition relies on correlating the salient morphological features of an unidentified skull with those of a face-image of a suspected dead individual using image overlay processes. Technical progression in the process of overlay has included the incorporation of video cameras, image-mixing devices and software that enables real-time vision-mixing. Conceptual transitions occur in the superimposition methods that involve 'life-size' images, that achieve orientation of the skull to the posture of the face in the photograph and that assess the extent of match. A recent report on the reliability of identification using the superimposition method adopted the currently prevalent methods and suggested an increased rate of failures when skulls were compared with related and unrelated face images. The reported reduction in the reliability of the superimposition method prompted a review of the transition in the concepts that are involved in skull-photo superimposition. The prevalent popular methods for visualizing the superimposed images at less than 'life-size', overlaying skull-face images by relying on the cranial and facial landmarks in the frontal plane when orienting the skull for matching and evaluating the match on a morphological basis by relying on mix-mode alone are the major departures in the methodology that may have reduced the identification reliability. The need to reassess the reliability of the method that incorporates the concepts which have been considered appropriate by the practitioners is stressed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imaging, Three-Dimensional
  3. A comprehensive survey of fruit grading systems for tropical fruits of Maharashtra
    Khoje SA, Bodhe SK
    Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2015;55(12):1658-71.
    PMID: 24915312 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.698662
    It is said that the backbone of Indian economy is agriculture. The contribution of the agriculture sector to the national GDP (Gross Domestic Products) was 14.6% in the year 2010. To attain a growth rate equivalent to that of industry (viz., about 9%), it is highly mandatory for Indian agriculture to modernize and use automation at various stages of cultivation and post-harvesting techniques. The use of computers in assessing the quality of fruits is one of the major activities in post-harvesting technology. As of now, this assessment is majorly done manually, except for a few fruits. Currently, the fruit quality assessment by machine vision in India is still at research level. Major research has been carried out in countries like China, Malaysia, UK, and Netherlands. To suit the Indian market and psychology of Indian farmers, it is necessary to develop indigenous technology. This paper is the first step toward evaluating the research carried out by the research community all over world for tropical fruits. For the purpose of survey, we have concentrated on the tropical fruits of the state of Maharashtra, while keeping in focus of the review image processing algorithms.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imaging, Three-Dimensional
  4. Injecting realism in surgical training-initial simulation experience with custom 3D models
    Waran V, Narayanan V, Karuppiah R, Pancharatnam D, Chandran H, Raman R, et al.
    J Surg Educ, 2014 Mar-Apr;71(2):193-7.
    PMID: 24602709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2013.08.010
    The traditionally accepted form of training is direct supervision by an expert; however, modern trends in medicine have made this progressively more difficult to achieve. A 3-dimensional printer makes it possible to convert patients imaging data into accurate models, thus allowing the possibility to reproduce models with pathology. This enables a large number of trainees to be trained simultaneously using realistic models simulating actual neurosurgical procedures. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of these models in training surgeons to perform standard procedures that require complex techniques and equipment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imaging, Three-Dimensional
  5. Fulltext Curve interpolation model for visualising disjointed neural elements
    Rahim MS, Razzali N, Sunar MS, Altameem A, Rehman A
    Neural Regen Res, 2012 Jul 25;7(21):1637-44.
    PMID: 25657704 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.21.006
    Neuron cell are built from a myriad of axon and dendrite structures. It transmits electrochemical signals between the brain and the nervous system. Three-dimensional visualization of neuron structure could help to facilitate deeper understanding of neuron and its models. An accurate neuron model could aid understanding of brain's functionalities, diagnosis and knowledge of entire nervous system. Existing neuron models have been found to be defective in the aspect of realism. Whereas in the actual biological neuron, there is continuous growth as the soma extending to the axon and the dendrite; but, the current neuron visualization models present it as disjointed segments that has greatly mediated effective realism. In this research, a new reconstruction model comprising of the Bounding Cylinder, Curve Interpolation and Gouraud Shading is proposed to visualize neuron model in order to improve realism. The reconstructed model is used to design algorithms for generating neuron branching from neuron SWC data. The Bounding Cylinder and Curve Interpolation methods are used to improve the connected segments of the neuron model using a series of cascaded cylinders along the neuron's connection path. Three control points are proposed between two adjacent neuron segments. Finally, the model is rendered with Gouraud Shading for smoothening of the model surface. This produce a near-perfection model of the natural neurons with attended realism. The model is validated by a group of bioinformatics analysts' responses to a predefined survey. The result shows about 82% acceptance and satisfaction rate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imaging, Three-Dimensional
  6. "Focal" ventricular tachycardia: insights from catheter ablation
    Mittal S
    Heart Rhythm, 2008 Jun;5(6 Suppl):S64-7.
    PMID: 18456205 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2008.03.023
    Catheter ablation has come to play an important therapeutic role in the management of some patients with ventricular arrhythmias. An important advance in catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) has been the development of three-dimensional catheter-based mapping systems, which permit identification of the tachycardia circuit and facilitate a strategy for catheter ablation. As a result, patients who suffer from "focal" forms of VT have been identified. This can have implications with respect to underlying arrhythmia mechanism, patient prognosis, and therapeutic strategies. The article reviews some insights learned from catheter ablation of focal forms of VT.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imaging, Three-Dimensional
  7. Fulltext Dens invaginatus in a geminated maxillary lateral incisor
    Pallivathukal RG, Misra A, Nagraj SK, Donald PM
    BMJ Case Rep, 2015 May 22;2015.
    PMID: 26002668 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2015-209672
    Dens invaginatus (DI) and gemination are two developmental abnormalities that are well reported in the dental literature, but their coexistence in a single tooth is rare. Such situations worsen the risk factors associated with these anomalies, and the treatment plan should be customised as they possess altered morphology and anatomy. A 19-year-old girl came for evaluation of a cracked tooth in the front region of the upper jaw. The tooth showed clinical features of gemination and radiographic features of DI, and was diagnosed as DI in geminated maxillary lateral incisor. The differential diagnoses based on clinical appearance without radiographic investigation may warrant the treatment approach if these two abnormalities coexist in a single tooth. The report also highlights the importance of three-dimensional imaging in diagnosis and treatment planning of teeth with altered pulp canal anatomy. There are few reported cases in the literature detailing the treatment options for these two anomalies occurring in the same tooth.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imaging, Three-Dimensional
  8. Impacts of dynamic degradation on the morphological and mechanical characterisation of porous magnesium scaffold
    Md Saad AP, Prakoso AT, Sulong MA, Basri H, Wahjuningrum DA, Syahrom A
    Biomech Model Mechanobiol, 2019 Jun;18(3):797-811.
    PMID: 30607641 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-018-01115-z
    This study employs a computational approach to analyse the impact of morphological changes on the structural properties of biodegradable porous Mg subjected to a dynamic immersion test for its application as a bone scaffold. Porous Mg was immersed in a dynamic immersion test for 24, 48, and 72 h. Twelve specimens were prepared and scanned using micro-CT and then reconstructed into a 3D model for finite element analysis. The structural properties from the numerical simulation were then compared to the experimental values. Correlations between morphological parameters, structural properties, and fracture type were then made. The relative losses were observed to be in agreement with relative mass loss done experimentally. The degradation rates determined using exact (degraded) surface area at particular immersion times were on average 20% higher than the degradation rates obtained using original surface area. The dynamic degradation has significantly impacted the morphological changes of porous Mg in volume fraction, surface area, and trabecular separation, which in turn affects its structural properties and increases the immersion time.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imaging, Three-Dimensional
  9. Accuracy and reliability of virtual femur measurement from CT scan
    Ismail NA, Abdullah N, Mohamad Noor MH, Lai PS, Shafie MS, Nor FM
    J Forensic Leg Med, 2019 Apr;63:11-17.
    PMID: 30825771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2019.02.010
    BACKGROUND: In the application of scientific human skeletal variation in medico-legal matters, virtual anthropology is the current technique performed to examine skeleton and its body parts. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the accuracy and reliability of virtual femur measurement through intra and inter-observer error analysis, and comparison was made between the virtual and conventional methods.

    METHODS: A total of 15 femora were examined with four parameters i.e. maximum length of femur (FeMl), diameter of femoral head (FeHd), transverse diameter of midshaft (FeMd) and condylar breadth (FeCb). Osteometric board and vernier calipers were employed for the conventional method, while CT reconstructed images and Osirix MD software was utilised for the virtual method.

    RESULTS: Results exhibited that there were no significant differences in the measurements by conventional and virtual methods. There were also no significant differences in the measurements by the intra or inter-observer error analyses. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were more than 0.95 by both intra and inter-observer error analyses. Technical error of measurement had displayed values within the acceptable ranges (rTEM <0.08 for intra-observer, <2.25 for inter-observer), and coefficient of reliability (R) indicated small measurement errors (R > 0.95 for intra-observer, R > 0.92 for inter-observer). By parameters, FeMl showed the highest R value (0.99) with the least error in different methods and observers (rTEM = 0.02-0.41%). Bland and Altman plots revealed points scattered close to zero indicating perfect agreement by both virtual and conventional methods. The mean differences for FeMl, FeHd, FeMd and FeCb measurements were 0.01 cm, -0.01 cm, 0.02 cm and 0.01 cm, respectively.

    CONCLUSION: This brought to suggest that bone measurement by virtual method was highly accurate and reliable as in the conventional method. It is recommended for implementation in the future anthropological studies especially in countries with limited skeletal collection.

    Matched MeSH terms: Imaging, Three-Dimensional
  10. Three-dimensional surgical contouring of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia via patient-specific cutting guides and depth screws
    Rengarajoo J, Syed Husman SI, Hariri F
    Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2021 09;59(7):843-844.
    PMID: 34210576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.09.028
    Matched MeSH terms: Imaging, Three-Dimensional
  11. Do subjective assessments of running patterns reflect objective parameters?
    Lussiana T, Gindre C, Mourot L, Hébert-Losier K
    Eur J Sport Sci, 2017 Aug;17(7):847-857.
    PMID: 28488928 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1325072
    Running patterns are often categorized into subgroups according to common features before data analysis and interpretation. The Volodalen® method is a simple field-based tool used to classify runners into aerial or terrestrial using a 5-item subjective rating scale. We aimed to validate the Volodalen® method by quantifying the relationship between its subjective scores and 3D biomechanical measures. Fifty-four runners ran 30 s on a treadmill at 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 km h-1 while their kinematics were assessed subjectively using the Volodalen® method and objectively using 3D motion capture. For each runner and speed, two researchers scored the five Volodalen® items on a 1-to-5 scale, which addressed vertical oscillation, upper-body motion, pelvis and foot position at ground contact, and footstrike pattern. Seven 3D biomechanical parameters reflecting the subjective items were also collected and correlated to the subjective scores. Twenty-eight runners were classified as aerial and 26 as terrestrial. Runner classification did not change with speed, but the relative contribution of the biomechanical parameters to the subjective classification was speed dependent. The magnitude of correlations between subjective and objective measures ranged from trivial to very large. Five of the seven objective parameters significantly differed between aerial and terrestrial runners, and these parameters demonstrated the strongest correlations to the subjective scores. Our results support the validity of the Volodalen® method, whereby the visual appreciation of running gait reflected quantifiable objective parameters. Two minor modifications to the method are proposed to simplify its use and improve agreement between subjective and objective measures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imaging, Three-Dimensional
  12. Fulltext Three-dimensional facial analysis of Chinese children with repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate
    Othman SA, Aidil Koay NA
    Sci Rep, 2016 08 10;6:31335.
    PMID: 27507713 DOI: 10.1038/srep31335
    We analyzed the facial features of Chinese children with repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and compared them with a normal control group using a three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry camera. This cross-sectional study examined 3D measurements of the facial surfaces of 20 Chinese children with repaired UCLP and 40 unaffected Chinese children aged 7 to 12 years old, which were captured using the VECTRA 3D five-pod photosystem and analyzed using Mirror software. Twenty-five variables and two ratios were compared between both groups using independent t-test. Intra- and inter-observer reliability was determined using ten randomly selected images and analyzed using intra-class correlation coefficient test (ICC). The level of significance was set at p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Imaging, Three-Dimensional
  13. Fulltext Morphometric analysis of prognathic and non-prognathic mandibles in relation to BSSO sites using CBCT
    Tengku Shaeran TA, Shaari R, Abdul Rahman S, Alam MK, Muhamad Husin A
    J Oral Biol Craniofac Res, 2017 Jan-Apr;7(1):7-12.
    PMID: 28316914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2016.10.007
    BACKGROUND: Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) is the most versatile procedure and adopted by many surgeons to relocate the mandible in patients having mandibular prognathism (MP). Injury to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and unfavorable splits are two surgical complications of BSSO which are associated with mandibular morphology. Uses of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in providing 3-D images has gained a wider acceptance in surgical field nowadays. Its advantages are including reduced cost, lesser radiation dose and smaller physical footprint comparing to the conventional computed tomography.

    PURPOSE: This study aims to identify the differences in morphology of prognathic and non-prognathic mandible at BSSO sites using cone beam computed tomography images.

    METHODS: This retrospective study involved 51 CBCT images of patients having mandibular prognathism and without mandibular prognathism. The latter group made up from patients with Class I skeletal pattern. Samples were taken using purposive sampling method from two clinical centers.

    RESULT: Prognathic mandible has higher lingula level, superiorly and buccally placed inferior alveolar nerve canal at distal second molar, thinner mediolateral width of ramus at anterior and posterior part and thinner anteroposterior width of the ramus.

    CONCLUSION: Morphology of mandible in patients with mandibular prognathism (MP) was significantly different from patients without mandibular prognathism (WMP) for most of the parameters. The high risk parameters may be highlighted to the patients using cone beam computed tomography images.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imaging, Three-Dimensional
  14. Stridor in a Newborn with Double Aortic Arch-A Case Report
    Anastasius EJ, Sawali H
    Iran J Otorhinolaryngol, 2019 Jan;31(102):61-63.
    PMID: 30783601
    Introduction: Double aortic arch (DAA) is a congenital anomaly of the aortic arch. It is the most common type of complete vascular ring. When it occurs, the connected segment of the aortic arch and its branches encircle the trachea and esophagus, leading to symptoms related to these two structures.

    Case Report: We present a case of a newborn baby who developed biphasic stridor immediately after a normal vaginal delivery. Endoscopic assessment of the trachea revealed a pulsatile narrowing at the level of the thoracic trachea, suggestive of an external compression. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the thorax with three-dimensional reconstruction confirmed the diagnosis of DAA with compression of the trachea and esophagus.

    Conclusion: Clinicians should strongly consider the possibility of a congenital vascular ring compression should an infant with a normal upper airway present with stridor. A precise diagnosis can be made by radiological examination.

    Matched MeSH terms: Imaging, Three-Dimensional
  15. CT based 3-dimensional treatment planning of intracavitary brachytherapy for cancer of the cervix: comparison between dose-volume histograms and ICRU point doses to the rectum and bladder
    Hashim N, Jamalludin Z, Ung NM, Ho GF, Malik RA, Phua VC
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2014;15(13):5259-64.
    PMID: 25040985
    BACKGROUND: CT based brachytherapy allows 3-dimensional (3D) assessment of organs at risk (OAR) doses with dose volume histograms (DVHs). The purpose of this study was to compare computed tomography (CT) based volumetric calculations and International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) reference-point estimates of radiation doses to the bladder and rectum in patients with carcinoma of the cervix treated with high-dose-rate (HDR) intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT).

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2011 and May 2012, 20 patients were treated with 55 fractions of brachytherapy using tandem and ovoids and underwent post-implant CT scans. The external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) dose was 48.6 Gy in 27 fractions. HDR brachytherapy was delivered to a dose of 21 Gy in three fractions. The ICRU bladder and rectum point doses along with 4 additional rectal points were recorded. The maximum dose (DMax) to rectum was the highest recorded dose at one of these five points. Using the HDR plus 2.6 brachytherapy treatment planning system, the bladder and rectum were retrospectively contoured on the 55 CT datasets. The DVHs for rectum and bladder were calculated and the minimum doses to the highest irradiated 2cc area of rectum and bladder were recorded (D2cc) for all individual fractions. The mean D2cc of rectum was compared to the means of ICRU rectal point and rectal DMax using the Student's t-test. The mean D2cc of bladder was compared with the mean ICRU bladder point using the same statistical test .The total dose, combining EBRT and HDR brachytherapy, were biologically normalized to the conventional 2 Gy/fraction using the linear-quadratic model. (α/β value of 10 Gy for target, 3 Gy for organs at risk).

    RESULTS: The total prescribed dose was 77.5 Gy α/β10. The mean dose to the rectum was 4.58 ± 1.22 Gy for D 2cc, 3.76 ± 0.65 Gy at D ICRU and 4.75 ± 1.01 Gy at DMax. The mean rectal D 2cc dose differed significantly from the mean dose calculated at the ICRU reference point (p<0.005); the mean difference was 0.82 Gy (0.48 -1.19 Gy). The mean EQD2 was 68.52 ± 7.24 Gy α/β3 for D 2cc, 61.71 ± 2.77 Gy α/β3 at D ICRU and 69.24 ± 6.02 Gy α/β3 at DMax. The mean ratio of D 2cc rectum to D ICRU rectum was 1.25 and the mean ratio of D 2cc rectum to DMax rectum was 0.98 for all individual fractions. The mean dose to the bladder was 6.00 ± 1.90 Gy for D 2cc and 5.10 ± 2.03 Gy at D ICRU. However, the mean D 2cc dose did not differ significantly from the mean dose calculated at the ICRU reference point (p=0.307); the mean difference was 0.90 Gy (0.49-1.25 Gy). The mean EQD2 was 81.85 ± 13.03 Gy α/β3 for D 2cc and 74.11 ± 19.39 Gy α/β3 at D ICRU. The mean ratio of D 2cc bladder to D ICRU bladder was 1.24. In the majority of applications, the maximum dose point was not the ICRU point. On average, the rectum received 77% and bladder received 92% of the prescribed dose.

    CONCLUSIONS: OARs doses assessed by DVH criteria were higher than ICRU point doses. Our data suggest that the estimated dose to the ICRU bladder point may be a reasonable surrogate for the D 2cc and rectal DMax for D 2cc. However, the dose to the ICRU rectal point does not appear to be a reasonable surrogate for the D 2cc.

    Matched MeSH terms: Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods*
  16. Fulltext 3D mapping of safe and danger zones in the maxilla and mandible for the placement of intermaxillary fixation screws
    Purmal K, Alam MK, Pohchi A, Abdul Razak NH
    PLoS One, 2013;8(12):e84202.
    PMID: 24367643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084202
    Intermaxillary (IMF) screws feature several advantages over other devices used for intermaxillary fixation, but using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans to determine the safe and danger zones to place these devices for all patients can be expensive. This study aimed to determine the optimal interradicular and buccopalatal/buccolingual spaces for IMF screw placement in the maxilla and mandible. The CBCT volumetric data of 193 patients was used to generate transaxial slices between the second molar on the right to the second molar on the left in both arches. The mean interradicular and buccopalatal/buccolingual distances and standard deviation values were obtained at heights of 2, 5, 8 and 11 mm from the alveolar bone crest. An IMF screw with a diameter of 1.0 mm and length of 7 mm can be placed distal to the canines (2 - 11 mm from the alveolar crest) and less than 8 mm between the molars in the maxilla. In the mandible, the safest position is distal to the first premolar (more than 5 mm) and distal to the second premolar (more than 2 mm). There was a significant difference (p<0.05) between the right and left quadrants. The colour coding 3D template showed the safe and danger zones based on the mesiodistal, buccopalatal and buccolingual distances in the maxilla and mandible.The safest sites for IMF screw insertion in the maxilla were between the canines and first premolars and between the first and second molars. In the mandible, the safest sites were between the first and second premolars and between the second premolar and first molar. However, the IMF screw should not exceed 1.0 mm in diameter and 7 mm in length.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imaging, Three-Dimensional*
  17. Physiological assessment of in vivo human knee articular cartilage using sodium MR imaging at 1.5 T
    Hani AF, Kumar D, Malik AS, Razak R
    Magn Reson Imaging, 2013 Sep;31(7):1059-67.
    PMID: 23731535 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2013.01.007
    Osteoarthritis is a common joint disorder that is most prevalent in the knee joint. Knee osteoarthritis (OA) can be characterized by the gradual loss of articular cartilage (AC). Formation of lesion, fissures and cracks on the cartilage surface has been associated with degenerative AC and can be measured by morphological assessment. In addition, loss of proteoglycan from extracellular matrix of the AC can be measured at early stage of cartilage degradation by physiological assessment. In this case, a biochemical phenomenon of cartilage is used to assess the changes at early degeneration of AC. In this paper, a method to measure local sodium concentration in AC due to proteoglycan has been investigated. A clinical 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with multinuclear spectroscopic facility is used to acquire sodium images and quantify local sodium content of AC. An optimised 3D gradient-echo sequence with low echo time has been used for MR scan. The estimated sodium concentration in AC region from four different data sets is found to be ~225±19mmol/l, which matches the values that has been reported for the normal AC. This study shows that sodium images acquired at clinical 1.5-T MRI system can generate an adequate quantitative data that enable the estimation of sodium concentration in AC. We conclude that this method is potentially suitable for non-invasive physiological (sodium content) measurement of articular cartilage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods
  18. Effects of different implant-abutment connections on micromotion and stress distribution: prediction of microgap formation
    Saidin S, Abdul Kadir MR, Sulaiman E, Abu Kasim NH
    J Dent, 2012 Jun;40(6):467-74.
    PMID: 22366313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.02.009
    The aim of this study was to analyse micromotion and stress distribution at the connections of implants and four types of abutments: internal hexagonal, internal octagonal, internal conical and trilobe.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods
  19. Benefits of 3D rotational DSA compared with 2D DSA in the evaluation of intracranial aneurysm
    Wong SC, Nawawi O, Ramli N, Abd Kadir KA
    Acad Radiol, 2012 Jun;19(6):701-7.
    PMID: 22578227 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2012.02.012
    The aim of this study was to compare conventional two-dimensional (2D) digital subtraction angiography (DSA) with three-dimensional (3D) rotational DSA in the investigation of intracranial aneurysm in terms of detection, size measurement, neck diameter, neck delineation, and relationship with surrounding vessels. A further aim was to compare radiation dose, contrast volume, and procedural time between the two protocols.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods*
  20. The nasopharynx in infants with cleft lip and palate
    Rajion ZA, Al-Khatib AR, Netherway DJ, Townsend GC, Anderson PJ, McLean NR, et al.
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2012 Feb;76(2):227-34.
    PMID: 22136741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.11.008
    The purpose of this study was to use three-dimensional computed tomography data and computer imaging technology to assess the skeletal components of the naso-pharyngeal area in patients with cleft lip and palate and to quantify anatomical variations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Imaging, Three-Dimensional*
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