Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 276 in total

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  1. Mansor NS, Chow CM, Halaki M
    Aging Ment Health, 2020 06;24(6):841-856.
    PMID: 30784296 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1574710
    The growing interest in preserving cognition through video games in the ageing population is evidenced by its wealth of literature. However, there has been a lack of consensus on video games efficacy and even limited understanding on the factors moderating its effectiveness. The present review sought to evaluate video game effects, relative to no-game control condition, on cognitive functions in older adults. The functions included processing speed, attention, delayed memory, reasoning, and executive functions (inhibition, shifting and updating memory). Personal and methodological moderators were explored to explain the variability in cognitive effects using meta-regression. Through a systematic literature search of online databases, 27 intervention studies were eligible, with a total of 1126 participants, for analysis. Using random-effect models, small but significant training effects were found on updating memory but none were detected in other cognitive functions. The heterogeneity across studies was in general high for all cognitive functions and was partially accounted for, in all cognitive functions except for inhibition and updating, by different moderators such as the proportion of females, outcome measure parameters, training intensity, and game type. The findings highlight limited effects of video games on cognitive functions that were largely influenced by factors related to study design.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory
  2. Farzin A, Ibrahim R, Madon Z, Basri H
    Dement Neuropsychol, 2018 7 11;12(2):189-195.
    PMID: 29988335 DOI: 10.1590/1980-57642018dn12-020012
    The surrounding circumstances and environments of Malaysian older adults could make conducting interventions (mainly in terms of clinical or randomized controlled trials) a challenge. Working with older adults and facing cultural issues could be challenging.

    Objective: This paper illustrates a significant perspective of some of the challenges faced while conducting a randomized controlled trial exploring the impact of a multi-component intervention that included strategy- and process-based prospective memory (PM) training among Malaysian older adults.

    Methods: The current study was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and therefore the challenges were presented in accordance with the CONSORT statement style.

    Results: A discussion on how these issues were addressed is provided.

    Conclusion: Some suggestions were presented to help researchers plan and create interventions for similar studies and to support a practical method of addressing all related challenges.

    Matched MeSH terms: Memory, Episodic
  3. Yap SL, Tan XB, Tan CS
    Previous studies have found that luminance contrast may enhance attention and attention is positively correlated with memory. However, little attention has been given to understand the impact of luminance contrast on memory. The present study attempts to address this gap by examining the effect of luminance contrast on attention and memory. A total of 159 undergraduates were randomly assigned to three luminance contrast conditions (high vs. moderate vs. low) and were administered a modified d2 test and modified words memory test. Multivariate analysis of variance showed significant effect of luminance contrast on memory performance. Participants in the high and moderate luminance contrast groups recalled more words than counterparts in the low contrast group. However, the effect of luminance contrast on attention was not significant, though planned comparison found that high contrast group scored higher than low contrast group. The findings not only shed light on improvement of memory but also have implication for design and marketing and consumer behaviours study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory
  4. Chui KT, Gupta BB, Liu RW, Zhang X, Vasant P, Thomas JJ
    Sensors (Basel), 2021 Sep 25;21(19).
    PMID: 34640732 DOI: 10.3390/s21196412
    Road traffic accidents have been listed in the top 10 global causes of death for many decades. Traditional measures such as education and legislation have contributed to limited improvements in terms of reducing accidents due to people driving in undesirable statuses, such as when suffering from stress or drowsiness. Attention is drawn to predicting drivers' future status so that precautions can be taken in advance as effective preventative measures. Common prediction algorithms include recurrent neural networks (RNNs), gated recurrent units (GRUs), and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. To benefit from the advantages of each algorithm, nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-III (NSGA-III) can be applied to merge the three algorithms. This is named NSGA-III-optimized RNN-GRU-LSTM. An analysis can be made to compare the proposed prediction algorithm with the individual RNN, GRU, and LSTM algorithms. Our proposed model improves the overall accuracy by 11.2-13.6% and 10.2-12.2% in driver stress prediction and driver drowsiness prediction, respectively. Likewise, it improves the overall accuracy by 6.9-12.7% and 6.9-8.9%, respectively, compared with boosting learning with multiple RNNs, multiple GRUs, and multiple LSTMs algorithms. Compared with existing works, this proposal offers to enhance performance by taking some key factors into account-namely, using a real-world driving dataset, a greater sample size, hybrid algorithms, and cross-validation. Future research directions have been suggested for further exploration and performance enhancement.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory, Long-Term
  5. Malik NUR, Sheikh UU, Abu-Bakar SAR, Channa A
    Sensors (Basel), 2023 Mar 02;23(5).
    PMID: 36904953 DOI: 10.3390/s23052745
    Human action recognition (HAR) is one of the most active research topics in the field of computer vision. Even though this area is well-researched, HAR algorithms such as 3D Convolution Neural Networks (CNN), Two-stream Networks, and CNN-LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) suffer from highly complex models. These algorithms involve a huge number of weights adjustments during the training phase, and as a consequence, require high-end configuration machines for real-time HAR applications. Therefore, this paper presents an extraneous frame scrapping technique that employs 2D skeleton features with a Fine-KNN classifier-based HAR system to overcome the dimensionality problems.To illustrate the efficacy of our proposed method, two contemporary datasets i.e., Multi-Camera Action Dataset (MCAD) and INRIA Xmas Motion Acquisition Sequences (IXMAS) dataset was used in experiment. We used the OpenPose technique to extract the 2D information, The proposed method was compared with CNN-LSTM, and other State of the art methods. Results obtained confirm the potential of our technique. The proposed OpenPose-FineKNN with Extraneous Frame Scrapping Technique achieved an accuracy of 89.75% on MCAD dataset and 90.97% on IXMAS dataset better than existing technique.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory, Long-Term
  6. Fu M, Le C, Fan T, Prakapovich R, Manko D, Dmytrenko O, et al.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2021 Dec;28(45):64818-64829.
    PMID: 34318419 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15574-y
    The atmospheric particulate matter (PM) with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) is one of the key indicators of air pollutants. Accurate prediction of PM2.5 concentration is very important for air pollution monitoring and public health management. However, the presence of noise in PM2.5 data series is a major challenge of its accurate prediction. A novel hybrid PM2.5 concentration prediction model is proposed in this study by combining complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD) method, Pearson's correlation analysis, and a deep long short-term memory (LSTM) method. CEEMD was employed to decompose historical PM2.5 concentration data to different frequencies in order to enhance the timing characteristics of data. Pearson's correlation was used to screen the different frequency intrinsic-mode functions of decomposed data. Finally, the filtered enhancement data were inputted to a deep LSTM network with multiple hidden layers for training and prediction. The results evidenced the potential of the CEEMD-LSTM hybrid model with a prediction accuracy of approximately 80% and model convergence after 700 training epochs. The secondary screening of Pearson's correlation test improved the model (CEEMD-Pearson) accuracy up to 87% but model convergence after 800 epochs. The hybrid model combining CEEMD-Pearson with the deep LSTM neural network showed a prediction accuracy of nearly 90% and model convergence after 650 interactions. The results provide a clear indication of higher prediction accuracy of PM2.5 with less computation time through hybridization of CEEMD-Pearson with deep LSTM models and its potential to be employed for air pollution monitoring.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory, Short-Term
  7. Vinothini R, Niranjana G, Yakub F
    J Digit Imaging, 2023 Dec;36(6):2480-2493.
    PMID: 37491543 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-023-00852-7
    The human respiratory system is affected when an individual is infected with COVID-19, which became a global pandemic in 2020 and affected millions of people worldwide. However, accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 can be challenging due to small variations in typical and COVID-19 pneumonia, as well as the complexities involved in classifying infection regions. Currently, various deep learning (DL)-based methods are being introduced for the automatic detection of COVID-19 using computerized tomography (CT) scan images. In this paper, we propose the pelican optimization algorithm-based long short-term memory (POA-LSTM) method for classifying coronavirus using CT scan images. The data preprocessing technique is used to convert raw image data into a suitable format for subsequent steps. Here, we develop a general framework called no new U-Net (nnU-Net) for region of interest (ROI) segmentation in medical images. We apply a set of heuristic guidelines derived from the domain to systematically optimize the ROI segmentation task, which represents the dataset's key properties. Furthermore, high-resolution net (HRNet) is a standard neural network design developed for feature extraction. HRNet chooses the top-down strategy over the bottom-up method after considering the two options. It first detects the subject, generates a bounding box around the object and then estimates the relevant feature. The POA is used to minimize the subjective influence of manually selected parameters and enhance the LSTM's parameters. Thus, the POA-LSTM is used for the classification process, achieving higher performance for each performance metric such as accuracy, sensitivity, F1-score, precision, and specificity of 99%, 98.67%, 98.88%, 98.72%, and 98.43%, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory, Short-Term
  8. Lum PT, Sekar M, Gan SH, Pandy V, Bonam SR
    Saudi J Biol Sci, 2021 Jan;28(1):917-927.
    PMID: 33424383 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.037
    Memory impairment (MI) is one of the predominant criteria generally used to identify schizophrenia, dementia and amnesia that are associated with neurodegenerative disorders by evaluating patient's cognitive symptoms. To date, there is no available treatment that can completely mitigate MI. Currently, there is a trend in recent investigations towards symptomatic therapy approaches using a variety of natural compounds. Mangiferin is one of them that have been investigated extensively. Mangiferin is a naturally occurring potent glucoxilxanthone and is mainly isolated from the Mangifera indica (Mango) plant. This review is aimed at providing a comprehensive overview on the efficacy of mangiferin on MI, based on in-vivo animal studies. After screening through articles identified from Scopus and PubMed based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 11 articles between 2009 and 2019 were included. The minimum and maximum dose of mangiferin were 10 and 200 mg/kg respectively and administered over the period of 12-154 days. The results of 11 articles showed that mangiferin effectively improved spatial recognition, episodic aversive events, short- and long-term memories primarily occurring via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The outcomes of the review revealed that mangiferin improves memory and cognitive impairment in different animal models, indicating that it has potential preventive and therapeutic roles in MI.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory; Memory Disorders; Memory, Long-Term
  9. Retinasamy T, Shaikh MF, Kumari Y, Othman I
    Front Pharmacol, 2019;10:1216.
    PMID: 31736744 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01216
    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative brain disease which is characterized by impairment in cognitive functioning. Orthosiphon stamineus (OS) Benth. (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal plant found around Southeast Asia that has been employed as treatments for various diseases. OS extract contains many active compounds that have been shown to possess various pharmacological properties whereby in vitro studies have demonstrated neuroprotective as well as cholinesterase inhibitory effects. This study, therefore aimed at determining whether this Malaysian plant derived flavonoid can reverse scopolamine induced learning and memory dysfunction in the novel object recognition (NOR) test and the elevated plus maze (EPM) test. In the present study, rats were treated once daily with OS 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and donepezil 1 mg/kg via oral dosing and were given intraperitoneal (ip) injection of scopolamine 1 mg/kg daily to induce cognitive deficits. Rats were subjected to behavioral analysis to assess learning and memory functions and hippocampal tissues were extracted for gene expression and immunohistochemistry studies. All the three doses demonstrated improved scopolamine-induced impairment by showing shortened transfer latency as well as the higher inflexion ratio when compared to the negative control group. OS extract also exhibited memory-enhancing activity against chronic scopolamine-induced memory deficits in the long-term memory novel object recognition performance as indicated by an increase in the recognition index. OS extract was observed to have modulated the mRNA expression of CREB1, BDNF, and TRKB genes and pretreatment with OS extract were observed to have increased the immature neurons against hippocampal neurogenesis suppressed by scopolamine, which was confirmed by the DCX-positive stained cells. These research findings suggest that the OS ethanolic extract demonstrated an improving effect on memory and hence could serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases like AD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory; Memory Disorders; Memory, Long-Term
  10. Fuloria S, Yusri MAA, Sekar M, Gan SH, Rani NNIM, Lum PT, et al.
    Molecules, 2022 Jan 01;27(1).
    PMID: 35011497 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010265
    Genistein is a naturally occurring polyphenolic molecule in the isoflavones group which is well known for its neuroprotection. In this review, we summarize the efficacy of genistein in attenuating the effects of memory impairment (MI) in animals. Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were used to find the relevant articles and discuss the effects of genistein in the brain, including its pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, behavioral effects, and some of the potential mechanisms of action on memory in several animal models. The results of the preclinical studies highly suggested that genistein is highly effective in enhancing the cognitive performance of the MI animal models, specifically in the memory domain, including spatial, recognition, retention, and reference memories, through its ability to reduce oxidative stress and attenuate neuroinflammation. This review also highlighted challenges and opportunities to improve the drug delivery of genistein for treating MI. Along with that, the possible structural modifications and derivatives of genistein to improve its physicochemical and drug-likeness properties are also discussed. The outcomes of the review proved that genistein can enhance the cognitive performance and ameliorate MI in different preclinical studies, thus indicating its potential as a natural lead for the design and development of a novel neuroprotective drug.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory Disorders/drug therapy*; Memory Disorders/metabolism
  11. Narayanan SN, Kumar RS, Potu BK, Nayak S, Mailankot M
    Clinics (Sao Paulo), 2009;64(3):231-4.
    PMID: 19330250
    INTRODUCTION: With the tremendous increase in number of mobile phone users world wide, the possible risks of this technology have become a serious concern.

    OBJECTIVE: We tested the effects of mobile phone exposure on spatial memory performance.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Wistar rats (10-12 weeks old) were exposed to 50 missed calls/day for 4 weeks from a GSM (900/1800 MHz) mobile phone in vibratory mode (no ring tone). After the experimental period, the animals were tested for spatial memory performance using the Morris water maze test.

    RESULTS: Both phone exposed and control animals showed a significant decrease in escape time with training. Phone exposed animals had significantly (approximately 3 times) higher mean latency to reach the target quadrant and spent significantly (approximately 2 times) less time in the target quadrant than age- and sex-matched controls.

    CONCLUSION: Mobile phone exposure affected the acquisition of learned responses in Wistar rats. This in turn points to the poor spatial navigation and the object place configurations of the phone-exposed animals.

    Matched MeSH terms: Memory/physiology; Memory/radiation effects*
  12. Mustafa MZ, Zulkifli FN, Fernandez I, Mariatulqabtiah AR, Sangu M, Nor Azfa J, et al.
    PMID: 31885664 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8258307
    This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of stingless bee honey (SBH) supplementation on memory and learning in mice. Despite many studies that show the benefits of honey on memory, reports on the nootropic effects of SBH are still lacking, and their underlying mechanism is still unclear. SBH is a honey produced by the bees in the tribe of Meliponini that exist in tropical countries. It features unique storage of honey collected in cerumen pots made of propolis. This SBH may offer a better prospect for therapeutic performance as the previous report identifies the presence of antioxidants that were greater than other honey produced by Apis sp. In this study, SBH was tested on Swiss albino mice following acute (7 days) and semichronic (35 days) supplementation. Experiments were then conducted using Morris water maze (MWM) behaviour analysis, RT-PCR for gene expression of mice striatum, and NMR for metabolomics analysis of the honey. Results indicate spatial working memory and spatial reference memory of mice were significantly improved in the honey-treated group compared with the control group. Improved memory consolidations were also observed in prolonged supplementation. Gene expression analyses of acutely treated mice demonstrated significant upregulation of BDNF and Itpr1 genes that involve in synaptic function. NMR analysis also identified phenylalanine, an essential precursor for tyrosine that plays a role at the BDNF receptor. In conclusion, SBH supplementation for seven days at 2000 mg/kg, which is equivalent to a human dose of 162 mg/kg, showed strong capabilities to improve spatial working memory. And prolonged intake up to 35 days increased spatial reference memory in the mice model. The phenylalanine in SBH may have triggered the upregulation of BDNF genes in honey-treated mice and improved their spatial memory performance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory Consolidation; Memory, Short-Term; Spatial Memory
  13. Zain MA, Rouhollahi E, Pandy V, Mani V, Majeed ABA, Wong WF, et al.
    Exp Anim, 2018 Nov 01;67(4):421-429.
    PMID: 29731492 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.18-0006
    Phencyclidine (PCP) has been used to model cognitive deficits related to schizophrenia in rats and mice. However, the model in mice is not consistent in terms of the PCP effective dose reported. Furthermore, most of the previous studies in mice excluded the presence of drug washout period in the regime. Thus, we aimed to optimize the dose of PCP in producing robust cognitive deficits by implementing it in a PCP regime which incorporates a drug washout period. The regimen used was 7 days' daily injection of PCP or saline for treatment and vehicle groups, respectively; followed by 24 h drug washout period. After the washout period, the test mice were tested in water maze (5 days of acquisition + 1 day of probe trial) for assessment of spatial learning and memory. Initially, we investigated the effect of PCP at 2mg/kg, however, no apparent impairment in spatial learning and memory was observed. Subsequently, we examined the effect of higher doses of PCP at 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg. We found that the PCP at 10 mg/kg produced a significant increase in "latency to reach the platform" during the acquisition days and a significant increase in "latency of first entry to previous platform" during the probe day. There was no significant change observed in "swim speed" during the test days. Thus, we concluded that PCP at 10 mg/kg produced robust deficits in spatial learning and memory without being confounded by motor disturbances.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory Disorders/chemically induced*; Memory Disorders/psychology*; Spatial Memory/drug effects*
  14. Damodaran T, Müller CP, Hassan Z
    Pharmacol Rep, 2019 Jun;71(3):443-448.
    PMID: 31003155 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.01.012
    BACKGROUND: Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) can induce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which leads to oxidative damage, neuronal injury, and central cholinergic dysfunction in vulnerable regions of the brain, such as the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. These effects can lead to significant cognitive impairments in clinical populations of vascular dementia (VaD). The present studies aimed to investigate the role of the cholinergic system in memory functions and hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) impairments induced by CCH in rats.

    METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to permanent bilateral occlusion of common carotid arteries (PBOCCA) or sham surgery. Then, PBOCCA rats received ip injections with, either vehicle (control group), the muscarinic receptor agonist oxotremorine (0.1 mg/kg), or the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine (0.1 mg/kg). Cognitive functions were evaluated using a passive avoidance task and the Morris water maze test. In addition, hippocampal LTP was recorded in vivo under anaesthesia.

    RESULTS: The PBOCCA rats exhibited significant deficits in passive avoidance retention and spatial learning and memory tests. They also showed a suppression of LTP formation in the hippocampus. Oxotremorine and physostigmine significantly improved the learning and memory deficits as well as the suppression of LTP in PBOCCA rats.

    CONCLUSIONS: The present data suggest that the cholinergic system plays an important role in CCH-induced cognitive deficits and could be an effective therapeutic target for the treatment of VaD.

    Matched MeSH terms: Memory/drug effects*; Memory Disorders/drug therapy*; Memory Disorders/etiology
  15. Hou Z, He P, Imam MU, Qi J, Tang S, Song C, et al.
    Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2017;2017:7205082.
    PMID: 29104731 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7205082
    Menopause causes cognitive and memory dysfunction due to impaired neuronal plasticity in the hippocampus. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) downregulation in the hippocampus is implicated in the underlying molecular mechanism. Edible bird's nest (EBN) is traditionally used to improve general wellbeing, and in this study, we evaluated its effects on SIRT1 expression in the hippocampus and implications on ovariectomy-induced memory and cognitive decline in rats. Ovariectomized female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with normal pellet alone or normal pellet + EBN (6, 3, or 1.5%), compared with estrogen therapy (0.2 mg/kg/day). After 12 weeks of intervention, Morris water maze (four-day trial and one probe trial) was conducted, and serum estrogen levels, toxicity markers (alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, and creatinine), and hippocampal SIRT1 immunohistochemistry were estimated after sacrifice. The results indicated that EBN and estrogen enhanced spatial learning and memory and increased serum estrogen and hippocampal SIRT1 expression. In addition, the EBN groups did not show as much toxicity to the liver as the estrogen group. The data suggested that EBN treatment for 12 weeks could improve cognition and memory in ovariectomized female rats and may be an effective alternative to estrogen therapy for menopause-induced aging-related memory loss.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory Disorders/metabolism; Memory Disorders/prevention & control*
  16. Al-Qazzaz NK, Bin Mohd Ali SH, Ahmad SA, Islam MS, Escudero J
    Sensors (Basel), 2015;15(11):29015-35.
    PMID: 26593918 DOI: 10.3390/s151129015
    We performed a comparative study to select the efficient mother wavelet (MWT) basis functions that optimally represent the signal characteristics of the electrical activity of the human brain during a working memory (WM) task recorded through electro-encephalography (EEG). Nineteen EEG electrodes were placed on the scalp following the 10-20 system. These electrodes were then grouped into five recording regions corresponding to the scalp area of the cerebral cortex. Sixty-second WM task data were recorded from ten control subjects. Forty-five MWT basis functions from orthogonal families were investigated. These functions included Daubechies (db1-db20), Symlets (sym1-sym20), and Coiflets (coif1-coif5). Using ANOVA, we determined the MWT basis functions with the most significant differences in the ability of the five scalp regions to maximize their cross-correlation with the EEG signals. The best results were obtained using "sym9" across the five scalp regions. Therefore, the most compatible MWT with the EEG signals should be selected to achieve wavelet denoising, decomposition, reconstruction, and sub-band feature extraction. This study provides a reference of the selection of efficient MWT basis functions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory, Short-Term
  17. Samuel G, Ng YS
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Aug;68(4):376-8.
    PMID: 24145276
    Traumatic Brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of death and disability worldwide, with recent interest in the use of cholinomimetics in the treatment of TBI patients for cognitive impairments. Our patient who suffered TBI was started on a trial of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (Donepezil) for five weeks. Cognitive and memory testing with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Functional Independence Measurement (FIM) showed some degree of improvement: The three item recall component of MMSE improved and the FIM Memory score increased from 1 (Complete dependence) to 6 (Functional independence). Subjective assessment of his behaviour in the ward also showed improvement. This suggests that donepezil may help improve memory and behaviour of moderately severe traumatic brain injury patients, although more research in this direction should be undertaken.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory
  18. Guo L, Wang Y, Xu X, Cheng KK, Long Y, Xu J, et al.
    J Proteome Res, 2021 01 01;20(1):346-356.
    PMID: 33241931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00431
    Identification of phosphorylation sites is an important step in the function study and drug design of proteins. In recent years, there have been increasing applications of the computational method in the identification of phosphorylation sites because of its low cost and high speed. Most of the currently available methods focus on using local information around potential phosphorylation sites for prediction and do not take the global information of the protein sequence into consideration. Here, we demonstrated that the global information of protein sequences may be also critical for phosphorylation site prediction. In this paper, a new deep neural network model, called DeepPSP, was proposed for the prediction of protein phosphorylation sites. In the DeepPSP model, two parallel modules were introduced to extract both local and global features from protein sequences. Two squeeze-and-excitation blocks and one bidirectional long short-term memory block were introduced into each module to capture effective representations of the sequences. Comparative studies were carried out to evaluate the performance of DeepPSP, and four other prediction methods using public data sets The F1-score, area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC), and area under precision-recall curves (AUPRC) of DeepPSP were found to be 0.4819, 0.82, and 0.50, respectively, for S/T general site prediction and 0.4206, 0.73, and 0.39, respectively, for Y general site prediction. Compared with the MusiteDeep method, the F1-score, AUROC, and AUPRC of DeepPSP were found to increase by 8.6, 2.5, and 8.7%, respectively, for S/T general site prediction and by 20.6, 5.8, and 18.2%, respectively, for Y general site prediction. Among the tested methods, the developed DeepPSP method was also found to produce best results for different kinase-specific site predictions including CDK, mitogen-activated protein kinase, CAMK, AGC, and CMGC. Taken together, the developed DeepPSP method may offer a more accurate phosphorylation site prediction by including global information. It may serve as an alternative model with better performance and interpretability for protein phosphorylation site prediction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory, Short-Term
  19. Dzulkarnain AAA, Azizi AK, Sulaiman NH
    J Taibah Univ Med Sci, 2020 Dec;15(6):495-501.
    PMID: 33318741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.08.007
    Objective: This study aims to investigate the auditory sensory gating capacity in Huffaz using an auditory brainstem response (ABR) test with and without psychological tasks.

    Methods: Twenty-three participants were recruited for this study. The participants were comprised of 11 Huffaz who memorized 30 chapters of the Islamic Scripture (from the Quran) and 12 non-Huffaz as the control group. All participants had normal hearing perception and underwent an ABR test with and without psychological tasks. The ABR was elicited at 70 dB nHL using a 3000 Hz tone burst stimulus with a 2-0-2 cycle at a stimulus repetition rate of 40 Hz. The ABR wave V amplitude and latencies were measured and statistically compared. A forward digit span test was also conducted to determine participants' working memory capacity.

    Results: There were no significant differences in the ABR wave V amplitudes and latencies between Huffaz and non-Huffaz in ABR with and without psychological tasks. There were also no significant differences in the ABR wave V amplitudes and latencies in both groups of ABR with and without psychological tasks. In addition, no significant differences were identified in the digit span working memory score between both groups.

    Conclusions: In this study, based on the ABR findings, Huffaz showed the same auditory sensory gating capacity as the non-Huffaz group. The ABR result was consistent with the digit span working memory test score. This finding implies that both groups have similar working memory performance. However, the conclusion is limited to the specific assessment method that we used in this study.

    Matched MeSH terms: Memory, Short-Term
  20. Sivalingam M, Ogawa S, Parhar IS
    Sci Rep, 2020 11 11;10(1):19569.
    PMID: 33177592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76287-9
    The habenula is an evolutionarily conserved brain structure, which has recently been implicated in fear memory. In the zebrafish, kisspeptin (Kiss1) is predominantly expressed in the habenula, which has been implicated as a modulator of fear response. Hence, in the present study, we questioned whether Kiss1 has a role in fear memory and morphine-induced fear memory impairment using an odorant cue (alarm substances, AS)-induced fear avoidance paradigm in adult zebrafish, whereby the fear-conditioned memory can be assessed by a change of basal place preference (= avoidance) of fish due to AS-induced fear experience. Subsequently, to examine the possible role of Kiss1 neurons-serotonergic pathway, kiss1 mRNA and serotonin levels were measured. AS exposure triggered fear episodes and fear-conditioned place avoidance. Morphine treatment followed by AS exposure, significantly impaired fear memory with increased time-spent in AS-paired compartment. However, fish administered with Kiss1 (10-21 mol/fish) after morphine treatment had significantly lower kiss1 mRNA levels but retained fear memory. In addition, the total brain serotonin levels were significantly increased in AS- and Kiss1-treated groups as compared to control and morphine treated group. These results suggest that habenular Kiss1 might be involved in consolidation or retrieval of fear memory through the serotonin system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory Disorders/chemically induced; Memory Disorders/drug therapy*; Memory Disorders/genetics
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