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Position of document holder and work related risk factors for neck pain among computer users: a narrative review

Ambusam S, Baharudin O, Roslizawati N, Leonard J

Clin Ter, 2015 Nov-Dec;166(6):256-61.
PMID: 26794814 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2015.1898

Document holder is used as a remedy to address occupational neck pain among computer users. An understanding on the effects of the document holder along with other work related risk factors while working in computer workstation requires attention. A comprehensive knowledge on the optimal location of the document holder in computer use and associated work related factors that may contribute to neck pain reviewed in this article. A literature search has been conducted over the past 14 years based on the published articles from January 1990 to January 2014 in both Science Direct and PubMed databases. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) keywords for search were neck muscle OR head posture OR muscle tension' OR muscle activity OR work related disorders OR neck pain AND/OR document location OR document holder OR source document OR copy screen holder.Document holder placed lateral to the screen was most preferred to reduce neck discomfort among occupational typists. Document without a holder was placed flat on the surface is least preferred. The head posture and muscle activity increases when the document is placed flat on the surface compared to when placed on the document holder. Work related factors such as static posture, repetitive movement, prolong sitting and awkward positions were the risk factors for chronic neck pain. This review highlights the optimal location for document holder for computer users to reduce neck pain. Together, the importance of work related risk factors for to neck pain on occupational typist is emphasized for the clinical management.

Matched MeSH terms: Movement
Fulltext Hemiballismus in Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus

Jaafar J, Rahman RA, Draman N, Yunus NA

Korean J Fam Med, 2018 May;39(3):200-203.
PMID: 29788710 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.2018.39.3.200

Hemiballismus, a subtype of chorea, is a rare movement disorder, and is most commonly found secondary to stroke. Movements are involuntary, violent, coarse, and have a wide amplitude. There is increasing report of hemiballismus occurring in non-ketotic hyperglycemia. Spontaneous improvements or remissions were observed in many patients, and treatment should be directed towards the cause of hemiballismus. There is no randomized control trial to guide clinicians in deciding the best treatment option when managing hemiballismus. Symptomatic treatment includes the use of drugs such as dopamine receptor blocker and tetrabenazine. Surgical treatment is reserved for severe, persistent, and disabling hemiballismus. This case is of an elderly woman with long standing uncontrolled diabetes who presented with abnormal movement in her left upper limb for 2 months, which resolved slowly with good control of her glucose levels. Treating physicians need to have a high index of suspicion to prevent mismanagement of the condition.

Matched MeSH terms: Movement Disorders
Fulltext Identification of elite performance characteristics in a small sample of taekwondo athletes

Norjali Wazir MRW, Van Hiel M, Mostaert M, Deconinck FJA, Pion J, Lenoir M

PLoS One, 2019;14(5):e0217358.
PMID: 31150424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217358

Along with the increasing popularity of taekwondo, there is a need of evidence-based talent identification (TID) and development programs based upon profiles of future elite athletes. This study first aims to investigate the differences between elite and non-elite taekwondo athletes in anthropometry, physical performance and motor coordination. The second aim is to demonstrate the applicability of z-scores in TID research. A total of 98 Taekwondo athletes between 12 and 17 years old were tested using a generic test battery consisting of four anthropometrical (Height, Weight, Fat Percentage, BMI), six physical performance (Sit & Reach, Sprint 5m, Sprint 30m, Counter Movement Jump, Squat Jump, Endurance Shuttle Run) and three motor coordination tests (Moving Sideways, Jumping Sideways, Walking Backwards). Based on the individual success at international competition level, 18 were categorised as elite athletes and 80 were considered as non-elite. T-tests (step 1) on raw test scores and MANOVAs on z-scores (step 2) were conducted to examine differences between the elite and non-elite taekwondo athletes for anthropometry, physical performance and motor coordination tests. Finally, z-scores were reconverted to raw scores to demonstrate practical significance for coaches. Overall, elite taekwondo athletes score better compared to the non-elite group. The MANOVA analysis better scores for elites on fat percentage (-0.55 versus 0.12;p = 0.006), BMI (-0.37 versus 0,08;p = 0.067) sprint speed 30m (-0.48 versus 0.11;p = 0.029), counter movement jump (0.79 versus -0.18;p = 0.000), squat jump (0.42 versus -0.11;p = 0.041), moving sideways (0.79 versus -0.18;p = 0.000) and walking backwards (0.54 versus -0.12;p = 0.006). This study confirms our knowledge on physical profiles of elite taekwondo athletes and expands our knowledge to the domain of motor coordination. This study showed how the z-score method can be used to distinguish between elite and non-elite athletes, the former being low in number by definition.

Matched MeSH terms: Movement
Fulltext IoT-based smart wheelchair system for physically impaired person

Muhammad Afiq Mohd Aizam, Nor Shahanim Mohamad Hadis, Samihah Abdullah

ESTEEM Academic Journal, 2020;16(1):59-73.
MyJurnal

Disabled persons usually require an assistant to help them in their daily routines especially for their mobility. The limitation of being physically impaired affects the quality of life in executing their daily routine especially the ones with a wheelchair. Pushing a wheelchair has its own side effects for the user especially the person with hands and arms impairments. This paper aims to develop a smart wheelchair system integrated with home automation. With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), a smart wheelchair can be operated using voice command through the Google assistant Software Development Kit (SDK). The smart wheelchair system and the home automation of this study were powered by Raspberry Pi 3 B+ and NodeMCU, respectively. Voice input commands were processed by the Google assistant Artificial Intelligence Yourself (AIY) to steer the movement of wheelchair. Users were able to speak to Google to discover any information from the website. For the safety of the user, a streaming camera was added on the wheelchair. An improvement to the wheelchair system that was added on the wheelchair is its combination with the home automation to help the impaired person to control their home appliances through Blynk application.
Observations on three voice tones (low, medium and high) of voice command show that the minimum voice intensity for this smart wheelchair system is 68.2 dB. Besides, the user is also required to produce a clear voice command to increase the system accuracy.

Matched MeSH terms: Movement
Fulltext Comparison of lower limb kinematics during early and late phases of 2km time trial on stationary rowing ergometer among male national rowers

Amirah Zahiran, Fara Liana Zainuddin, Shazlin Shaharudin

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(3):3-7.
MyJurnal

Introduction: In this study, we evaluated the kinematics of lower limb during early and late phases of 2km time trial on stationary rowing ergometer among Malaysian male rowers. Methods: Seventeen national-level rowers voluntari- ly participated. Three dimensional lower limb kinematics data were collected to represent the first 400 m (i.e., early) and the last 400m (i.e., late) phases of 2km time trial on a stationary ergometer. The kinematics data at sagittal, frontal and transverse planes of dominant leg during catch and finish positions were compared across early and late phases of the time trial using paired T-test. Results: The kinematics of lower limb joints at three planes were not significantly different during early versus late phases of 2km time trial among male senior rowers except for hip flexion at finish (p=0.411), ankle rotation at catch (p=0.779) and ankle abduction at finish (p=0.677). Conclusion: Lower limb kine- matics particularly the hip flexion, ankle rotation and ankle abduction may change across early and late phases of 2km time trial due to fatigue. Coaches and rowers should monitor these motions during fatiguing rowing piece and develop necessary injury prevention measures.

Matched MeSH terms: Movement
Role of Yes-associated protein and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif in the malignant transformation of oral submucous fibrosis

Sharma M, Hunter KD, Fonseca FP, Shetty SS, Radhakrishnan R

Arch Oral Biol, 2021 Aug;128:105164.
PMID: 34044344 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105164

OBJECTIVE(S): The objective of the present manuscript is to elucidate the role of matrix stiffness in the malignant transformation of oral submucous fibrosis.
DESIGN: The role of matrix stiffness in several cancers including oral cancer was reviewed with a tailored search strategy using relevant keywords as per the Medline format. The role of molecular mediators, Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) was weighed in the context of OSF along two distinct pathways.
RESULTS: Increased matrix stiffness activates the transcriptional coactivators, YAP and TAZ shuttling between the nucleus and cytoplasm. YAP and TAZ, serve as mechanical transducers in promoting cell migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The hypoxic microenvironment in the advanced stage of OSF promotes the migratory phenotype through mechanical memory.
CONCLUSIONS: Reprogramming of a stiff matrix has the potential to restore the Hippo-YAP/TAZ tumor suppressor pathway and reverse fibrosis-associated tumor development.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Movement
Fulltext Macroeconomics determinations of gold price in United States

Ngu, Seng Ling, Jerome, Kueh

Trends in Undergraduate Research, 2020;3(1):17-28.
MyJurnal

Nowadays, gold prices have been volatile, and the wealth of gold investors depend on the movement of gold prices. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between gold prices, crude oil prices, inflation rate, real interest rate and stock prices in United States. This study uses monthly data covering the period ranging from January 1990 to August 2018. The Johansen and Juselius (JJ) Cointegration test and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) are conducted in this study. The result shows that there is a long-run relationship among gold prices, crude oil prices, inflation rate, real interest rate and stock prices. The results show that inflation rate and crude oil prices are significance and positively related to gold prices, while stock prices and real interest rate are negatively affecting gold prices. There are three unidirectional Granger causality and one bidirectional Granger causality in the short run. Only inflation rate Granger cause gold price, which means that inflation rate directly affects the gold prices. This study allows community such as central bank, government, financial institution, economist, investor and policy makers in manipulating and controlling the movement of the gold prices so that they have a better decision making to diversify their risks.

Matched MeSH terms: Movement
Fulltext Functional specialisation and connectivity in cerebral motor cortices : a single subject study using fMRI and statistical parametric mapping

Ahmad Nazlim Yusoff, Mohd Harith Hashim, Mohd Mahadir Ayob, Iskandar Kassim, Nur Hartini Mohd Taib, Wan Ahmad Kamil Wan Abdullah

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2006;2(2):37-60.
MyJurnal

Objective: A baseline functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was carried out on a healthy right-handed male subject to attain further insights into the basic neuronal control mechanisms of bimanual and unimanual movements of hand fingers, an area that is still not fully understood. Methods : The study used the basic unimanual and bimanual movements of the left- and right-hand fingers to stimulate neuronal activity in the cerebral cortices. The subject was instructed to sequentially press his fingers either unimanually (UNI) or bimanually (BIM), against the thumb in a consistent alternative manner during the functional scans. The data were analysed using the MATLAB and SPM2 software packages. Results : Brain activations obtained via the F-test indicate a larger activation area as compared to that obtained from the T-test. The results showed that, the activated brain regions due to the self-paced finger movements are the precentral and postcentral gyrii covering the primary motor, premotor and somatosensory primer areas. The activestate signal intensity was found to be significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of the resting-state. For UNI, brain activation showed contra-laterality with a larger activation area and a higher signal intensity at the point of maximum intensity for the left-hand finger
movement (UNIleft) compared to the right-hand finger movement (UNIright). Small ipsilateral activations were observed during UNIright and UNIleft. For BIM, the activation was observed in both hemispheres with the right hemisphere showing a higher signal intensity and coverage. The results support the fact that for a right-handed person performing either UNI or BIM type of movement, the activated motor area on the right hemisphere of the brain (movement of the left hand fingers) experience a higher intensity and larger coverage of hemodynamic response compared to the left hemisphere of the brain (movement of the right hand fingers). Analyses performed on the activated regions of interest (ROI) by
comparing the unimanual and bimanual types of activations revealed that during BIM, there are voxels in the left hemisphere controlling the movement of the left hand fingers (BIMleft) and voxels in the right hemisphere controlling the movement of the right hand fingers (BIMright). The interactions observed in this study resemble the existence of interhemispheric connection between both hemispheres during BIM. Conclusion : Although this is a single subject study, the hemodynamic response and the neuronal control mechanism in the cerebral cortices based on the BOLD mechanism can be studied and evaluated using fMRI and SPM.

Matched MeSH terms: Movement
Fulltext The loading and unloading properties of various arch wires as a function of cross sectional dimension and inter bracket span width system

Mathew, Thomas

Malaysian Dental Journal, 2011;32(1):28-40.
MyJurnal

It is the aim of all clinicians to accomplish biological tooth movement, which implies the use of low, continuous force. Constant unrelented search for a better wire, which can deliver optimal orthodontic force, has led to the invention of a lot of orthodontic wires such as Stainless steel, Beta Titanium, Nickel Titanium and multi stranded wires. In this study, the loading and unloading properties of 0.016 inch, 0.016x0.022 inch and 0.017x0.025 inch dimensions of stainless steel, conventional NiTi, Super elastic NiTi, and TMA arch wires were determined by means of a modified three point bending test for two inter bracket widths of 5 mm and 6.5 mm for deflection of 1 to 3 mm. The applied forces dependence on cross-sectional size differs from the linear-elastic prediction in super elastic NiTi wires. The stainless steel wires had the highest force values on all the three dimensions and cross section. On loading and unloading, TMA wires had force values in-between stainless steel, conventional NiTi and super elastic NiTi. The conventional NiTi had much lower force values compared to stainless steel and TMA and were linearly progressing compared to Super elastic NiTi. On loading and unloading the super elastic NiTi had force values in the range of conventional NiTi and had constant forces on higher deflection. The studies showed that the force value was comparatively higher in 5 mm inter bracket width than the 6.5 mm inter bracket width for all the cross section and dimension of wires.

Matched MeSH terms: Tooth Movement
Fulltext A Patient with Beta-Propeller Protein-Associated Neurodegeneration: Treatment with Iron Chelation Therapy

Lim SY, Tan AH, Ahmad-Annuar A, Schneider SA, Bee PC, Lim JL, et al.

J Mov Disord, 2018 May;11(2):89-92.
PMID: 29860786 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.17082

We present a case of beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration, a form of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation. The patient harbored a novel mutation in the WDR45 gene. A detailed video and description of her clinical condition are provided. Her movement disorder phenomenology was characterized primarily by limb stereotypies and gait dyspraxia. The patient's disability was advanced by the time iron-chelating therapy with deferiprone was initiated, and no clinical response in terms of cognitive function, behavior, speech, or movements were observed after one year of treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Movement Disorders
Fulltext A Review on Systems-Based Sensory Gloves for Sign Language Recognition State of the Art between 2007 and 2017

Ahmed MA, Zaidan BB, Zaidan AA, Salih MM, Lakulu MMB

Sensors (Basel), 2018 Jul 09;18(7).
PMID: 29987266 DOI: 10.3390/s18072208

Loss of the ability to speak or hear exerts psychological and social impacts on the affected persons due to the lack of proper communication. Multiple and systematic scholarly interventions that vary according to context have been implemented to overcome disability-related difficulties. Sign language recognition (SLR) systems based on sensory gloves are significant innovations that aim to procure data on the shape or movement of the human hand. Innovative technology for this matter is mainly restricted and dispersed. The available trends and gaps should be explored in this research approach to provide valuable insights into technological environments. Thus, a review is conducted to create a coherent taxonomy to describe the latest research divided into four main categories: development, framework, other hand gesture recognition, and reviews and surveys. Then, we conduct analyses of the glove systems for SLR device characteristics, develop a roadmap for technology evolution, discuss its limitations, and provide valuable insights into technological environments. This will help researchers to understand the current options and gaps in this area, thus contributing to this line of research.

Matched MeSH terms: Movement
Fulltext The effects of external and internal focus on the Press Behind Neck lift among Weightlifters

Ahmad Fazlan Ghazalli, Mahamad Yusof Abdul Rani, Lee, Jeffrey Low Fook

Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani, 2016;5(2):53-60.
MyJurnal

Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education 5(2): 53-60, 2016 – Many previous studies
focus on attention has consistently demonstrated that an external focus (movement effect)
enhances motor performance and learning relative to an internal focus (body movements).
However, the effectiveness of the external focus direction and internal focus on the press
behind neck lift not yet again compared among the weightlifter. Therefore, the aim of this
study was to identify the three conditions (external focus, internal focus and control) that
brings the best performance in the press behind neck. Besides that, a total of 30 athletes
Selangor weightlifters performed the pre-test before they are divided into treatment groups
(external focus and internal focus) and a control group. There are changes in the score in
force between the test scores (pre, post and retention test) and the group will be analyzed
using Two Way ANOVA Repeated Measure. The results showed that, there are the main
effect of testing, F(2, 54) = 1671.065 p = 0.001 means there is a significant difference
between pre-test and post-test . There is a main effect for group, F (2, 27) = 16,646, p =
0.001. Meanwhile, there was a significant interaction between the test group f (4. 54) =
378,732 p = 0.001. There are no significant differences between the three groups during the
pre-test. However, in the post-test found an external focus groups (M = 51.5 kg, SP = 7.4)
and an internal focus group (M = 49.5kg, SP = 6.6) is better and has significant differences to
the control group (M = 30.5kg, SP= 6.9). Besides that, the external focus group retention test
(M= 59.5 kg, SP=6.0) is better and has a significant difference compared with internal focus
(M= 43.2kg, SP = 5.9) and the control group (M= 30.1, SP = 6.3). Therefore, the overall
direction of a focus of external forces show better performance compared to focus on internal
and groups are not given any specific instructions for long term programme.

Matched MeSH terms: Movement
Fulltext Analysis the influence of heart rate and muscle activity towards muscle fatique in layup workers

Noor'Ain Azizan, Seri Rahayu Kamat, Nur Syafiqah Rayme, Ruzy Haryati Hambali

Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 2018;11(1):99-107.
MyJurnal

Repetitive movement can lead to the pain muscle, nerves, and tendons that cause by
repetitive overuse of working task. The muscle will fatigue due to; repetitive
movement, force that been applied, posture during working and duration of working.
The stress level during working can influent the energy performance usage during
working. The aim of this paper is to analyse the influence of heart rate and muscle
activity of workers in composite manufacturing towards muscle fatigue. The data was
collected for a worker in hand layup department and the Qualitative method was used
in a way to investigate the working load and level of pain received by their body. Then,
the Qualitative data was sorted and the respondent proceeded for a Quantitative
method which involves muscle activity analysis and heart rate analysis. The tools that
were used to conduct these experiments were surface electromyography (sEMG),
Wristwatch with chest strap and perceived stress scale (PSS). The experimentation
used to calculate the average reading of heart rate and muscle activity during working
and detect the duration the muscle to start fatigue. Moreover, this paper analysed the
relationship between heart rate and muscle activity through the duration of working.
As an overall finding of this research, it was shown that the heart rate of the workers
influence the muscle activity of workers and has high potential relationship to the
fatigue of muscles of the workers in the layup department.

Matched MeSH terms: Movement
Fulltext A preliminary evaluation of linear control schemes for FES-assisted movements

Ahmed, M., Huq, M.S., Ibrahim, B.S.K.K., Ahmed, A.

Movement Health & Exercise, 2018;7(1):211-223.
MyJurnal

Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) can be used to revive movement
functions of the human body to a certain degree which was lost due to
occurrences of the nervous system disorders resulting from accidents or
diseases. It can also be employed for gait rehabilitation as well as therapy.
Control systems could be employed to improve on the FES-induced motion,
and the closed-loop was targeted due to its advantages. Based on the papers
reviewed, studies have shown that the linear control schemes are popular for
movement restoration in the lower limb, but mostly for continuous standing
contributing to mainly the stance phase. Therefore, a myriad of limitations
was observed which include: the need for using improved sensors, re-tuning
for every subject, tests conducted using patient with more straightforward
ailments, complexity in implementation and most importantly is the issue of
stability. The swing phase of gait movement and the full walking motion have
more complex dynamics and coupled with the nature of the plant (human with
nervous system disorder and the neuromuscular structure) could render the
linear control method obsolete or unsuitable. Hence, there is a need to
investigate other techniques such as the nonlinear and intelligent control
methods.

Matched MeSH terms: Movement
Modelling exchange rates using regime switching models

Mohd Tahir Ismail, Zaidi Isa

Sains Malaysiana, 2006;35:55-62.

The behaviour of many financial time series cannot be modeled solely by linear time series model. Phenomena such as mean reversion, volatility of stock markets and structural breaks cannot be modelled implicitly using simple linear time series model. Thus, to overcome this problem, nonlinear time series models are typically designed to accommodate these nonlinear features in the data. In this paper, we use portmanteau test and structural change test to detect nonlinear feature in three ASEAN countries exchange rates (Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand). It is found that the null hypothesis of linearity is rejected and there is evidence of structural breaks in the exchange rates series. Therefore, the decision of using regime switching model in this study is justified. Using model selection criteria (AIC, SBC, HQC), we compare the in-sample fitting between two types of regime switching model. The two regime switching models we considered were the Self-Exciting Threshold Autoregressive (SETAR) model and the Markov switching Autoregressive (MS-AR) model where these models can explain the abrupt changes in a time series but differ as how they model the movement between regimes. From the AIC, SBC and HQC values, it is found that the MS -AR model is the best fitted model for all the return series. In addition, the regime switching model also found to perform better than simple autoregressive model in in-sample fitting. This result justified that nonlinear model give better in-sample fitting than linear model.

Matched MeSH terms: Movement
Fulltext Improvement of "Bouncy Gait" in Lance-Adams Syndrome with Perampanel

Lim SY, Jasti DB, Tan AH

Cureus, 2020 Jan 25;12(1):e6773.
PMID: 32117660 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6773

Lance-Adams syndrome (LAS) is chronic post-hypoxic myoclonus that is often associated with sudden lapses in muscle tone (negative myoclonus) in the legs, causing a disabling "bouncy gait." Given its relative rarity, there are no controlled treatment studies of LAS. The majority of cases require polypharmacy management, with an incomplete response. "Bouncy gait," in particular, is notoriously medication-refractory. Here, we report a patient with long-standing LAS who improved markedly when low-dose perampanel was added to his existing treatment regime consisting of clonazepam, levetiracetam, sodium valproate, and acetazolamide.

Matched MeSH terms: Movement Disorders
Fulltext Efficacy of zinc carnosine in the treatment of colorectal cancer and its potential in combination with immunotherapy in vivo

Tang W, Liu H, Li X, Ooi TC, Rajab NF, Cao H, et al.

Aging (Albany NY), 2022 Nov 14;14(21):8688-8699.
PMID: 36375474 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204380

BACKGROUND: A complex of Zn and carnosine, called Zinc-L-carnosine (ZnC), enjoys a wide application as part of a Zn supplement therapeutic method as well as in treating peptic ulcers. However, researches fail to confirm the biological functions possessed by ZnC as well as tumor immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer (CRC).
METHODS: Cell counting kit 8(CCK8), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), transwell and wound healing assays were conducted to study the influence of ZnC in the proliferating, invading and migrating processes of CRC cell lines (HCT116, LOVO) in vitro. The antitumor activity ZnC as well as its effects on tumor immune microenvironment were then assessed using CRC subcutaneous tumors in the C57BL/6 mouse model.
RESULTS: According to CCK8, EdU, transwell and wound healing assays, ZnC inhibited CRC cell lines in terms of proliferation, invasion and migration. ZnC could inhibit miR-570 for up-regulating PD-L1 expression. In vivo experiments showed that gavage (100 mg/kg, once every day) of ZnC inhibited the tumor growth of CRC, and the combination of ZnC and anti-PD1 therapy significantly improved the efficacy exhibited by anti-PD1 in treating CRC. In addition, mass cytometry results showed that immunosuppressive cells including regulatory T cells (tregs), bone marrow-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and M2 macrophages decreased whereas CD8+ T cells elevated after adding ZnC.
CONCLUSIONS: The present study reveals that ZnC slows the progression of CRC by inhibiting CRC cells in terms of proliferation, invasion and migration, meanwhile up-regulating PD-L1 expression via inhibiting miR-570. The ZnC-anti-PD1 co-treatment assists in synergically increasing anti-tumor efficacy in CRC therapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Movement
Inhibitory Activity of Extract, Fractions, and Compounds from Zingiber montanum Rhizomes on the Migration of Breast Cancer Cells

Al-Amin M, Eltayeb NM, Hossain CF, Khairuddean M, Fazalul Rahiman SS, Salhimi SM

Planta Med, 2020 Apr;86(6):387-394.
PMID: 32168546 DOI: 10.1055/a-1129-7026

Zingiber montanum rhizomes are traditionally used for the treatment of numerous human ailments. The present study was carried out to investigate the inhibitory activity of the crude extract, chromatographic fractions, and purified compounds from Z. montanum rhizomes on the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. The effect of the extract on cell migration was investigated by a scratch assay, which showed significant inhibition in a concentration-dependent manner. Vacuum liquid chromatography on silica gel afforded four fractions (Frs. 1 - 4), which were tested on cell migration in the scratch assay. Frs. 1 and 2 showed the most significant inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cell migration. The effect of the most potent fraction (Fr. 2) was further confirmed in a transwell migration assay. The study of Frs. 1 and 2 by gelatin zymography showed significant inhibition of MMP-9 enzyme activity. Chromatographic separation of Frs. 1 and 2 afforded buddledone A (1: ), zerumbone (2: ), (2E,9E)-6-methoxy-2,9-humuradien-8-one (3: ), zerumbone epoxide (4: ), stigmasterol (5: ), and daucosterol (6: ). In a cell viability assay, compounds 1: - 4: inhibited the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The study of buddledone A (1: ) and zerumbone epoxide (4: ) on cell migration revealed that 4: significantly inhibited the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells in both scratch and transwell migration assays. The results of the present study may lead to further molecular studies behind the inhibitory activity of zerumbone epoxide (4: ) on cell migration and support the traditional use of Z. montanum rhizomes for the treatment of cancer.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Movement
Fulltext Seasonal and year-round use of the Kushiro Wetland, Hokkaido, Japan by sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis)

Takafumi H, Kamii T, Murai T, Yoshida R, Sato A, Tachiki Y, et al.

PeerJ, 2017;5:e3869.
PMID: 29038752 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3869

The sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) population in the Ramsar-listed Kushiro Wetland has increased in recent years, and the Ministry of the Environment of Japan has decided to take measures to reduce the impact of deer on the ecosystem. However, seasonal movement patterns of the deer (i.e., when and where the deer inhabit the wetland) remain unclear. We examined the seasonal movement patterns of sika deer in the Kushiro Wetland from 2013 to 2015 by analyzing GPS location data for 28 hinds captured at three sites in the wetland. Seasonal movement patterns were quantitatively classified as seasonal migration, mixed, dispersal, nomadic, resident, or atypical, and the degree of wetland utilization for each individual was estimated. The area of overlap for each individual among intra-capture sites and inter-capture sites was calculated for the entire year and for each season. Our results showed that the movement patterns of these deer were classified not only as resident but also as seasonal migration, dispersal, and atypical. Approximately one-third of the individuals moved into and out of the wetland during the year as either seasonal migrants or individuals with atypical movement. Some of the individuals migrated to farmland areas outside the wetland (the farthest being 69.9 km away). Half of the individuals inhabited the wetland all or most of the year, i.e., 81-100% of their annual home range was within the wetland area. Even among individuals captured at the same site, different seasonal movement patterns were identified. The overlap areas of the home ranges of individuals from the same capture sites were larger than those for individuals from different capture sites (e.g., mean of annual home range overlap with intra-capture sites: 47.7% vs. inter-sites: 1.3%). To achieve more effective ecosystem management including deer management in the wetland, management plans should cover inside and outside of the wetland and separate the population into multiple management units to address the different movement patterns and wetland utilization of the population.

Matched MeSH terms: Movement
Fulltext Association between Lameness and Indicators of Dairy Cow Welfare Based on Locomotion Scoring, Body and Hock Condition, Leg Hygiene and Lying Behavior

B Sadiq M, Ramanoon SZ, Shaik Mossadeq WM, Mansor R, Syed-Hussain SS

Animals (Basel), 2017 Nov 05;7(11).
PMID: 29113033 DOI: 10.3390/ani7110079

Dairy cow welfare is an important consideration for optimal production in the dairy industry. Lameness affects the welfare of dairy herds by limiting productivity. Whilst the application of LS systems helps in identifying lame cows, the technique meets with certain constraints, ranging from the detection of mild gait changes to on-farm practical applications. Recent studies have shown that certain animal-based measures considered in welfare assessment, such as body condition, hock condition and leg hygiene, are associated with lameness in dairy cows. Furthermore, behavioural changes inherent in lame cows, especially the comfort in resting and lying down, have been shown to be vital indicators of cow welfare. Highlighting the relationship between lameness and these welfare indicators could assist in better understanding their role, either as risk factors or as consequences of lameness. Nevertheless, since the conditions predisposing a cow to lameness are multifaceted, it is vital to cite the factors that could influence the on-farm practical application of such welfare indicators in lameness studies. This review begins with the welfare consequences of lameness by comparing normal and abnormal gait as well as the use of LS system in detecting lame cows. Animal-based measures related to cow welfare and links with changes in locomotion as employed in lameness research are discussed. Finally, alterations in lying behaviour are also presented as indicators of lameness with the corresponding welfare implication in lame cows.

Matched MeSH terms: Movement Disorders

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