MyMedR

Fulltext Cardiovascular risk factors: the many few

Fong AY, Sim KH

Med J Malaysia, 2010 Sep;65(3):165.

PMID: 21939161

The rising epidemic of established modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes and cigarette smoking, to a large part, are responsible for the clinical events such as acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and cerebrovascular events (strokes, CVE). In our National ACS and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) Registries, it has been documented that over 90% of patients have at least one identifiable CVRF.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors

Fulltext Postpartum haemorrhage: a continuing tragedy in Malaysia

Siva Achanna K

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Mar;66(1):1-3.

PMID: 23765133

Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors

Assessing global risk factors for non-fatal injuries from road traffic accidents and falls in adults aged 35-70 years in 17 countries: a cross-sectional analysis of the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study

Raina P, Sohel N, Oremus M, Shannon H, Mony P, Kumar R, et al.

Inj Prev, 2016 Apr;22(2):92-98.

PMID: 26512093 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2014-041476

To assess risk factors associated with non-fatal injuries (NFIs) from road traffic accidents (RTAs) or falls.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors

Effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on heart failure: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Kongwatcharapong J, Dilokthornsakul P, Nathisuwan S, Phrommintikul A, Chaiyakunapruk N

Int J Cardiol, 2016 May 15;211:88-95.

PMID: 26991555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.02.146

Recent studies have suggested that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4 inhibitors) may be associated with increased risk of heart failure (HF), but evidence was inconclusive. We aimed to determine the effects of DPP-4 inhibitors on risk of HF.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk

A cluster randomized trial on improving nurses' detection and management of elder abuse and neglect (I-NEED): study protocol

Loh DA, Choo WY, Hairi NN, Othman S, Mohd Hairi F, Mohd Mydin FH, et al.

J Adv Nurs, 2015 Nov;71(11):2661-72.

PMID: 26031344 DOI: 10.1111/jan.12699

The aim of this study was to describe a trial protocol of an educational intervention for nurses to improve their awareness and practice in detecting and managing elder abuse and neglect.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors

Pesticides Exposure and Cardiovascular Hemodynamic Parameters Among Male Workers Involved in Mosquito Control in East Coast of Malaysia

Samsuddin N, Rampal KG, Ismail NH, Abdullah NZ, Nasreen HE

Am J Hypertens, 2016 Feb;29(2):226-33.

PMID: 26112865 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv093

Research findings have linked exposure to pesticides to an increased risk of cardiovascular (CVS) diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of chronic mix-pesticides exposure on CVS hemodynamic parameters.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk

Fulltext The use of psychotropic substances among students: The prevalence, factor association, and abuse

Mamat CF, Jamshed SQ, El Syed T, Khan TM, Othman N, Al-Shami AK, et al.

J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2015 Jul-Sep;7(3):181-7.

PMID: 26229351 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.160011

This detailed review analyzed the previously published studies related to the prevalence of psychotropic substances use, associated factors, and the misuse of the psychotropics among students. A comprehensive literature search covering six databases was performed. References from published articles and reports were extracted. This helped in identifying the available information on the use of psychotropic drugs. A total of 16 articles were included in this review. There is an upsurge of using psychotropics with the preceding years. More students are exposed to the risk of using psychotropic substances due to the multiple factors like stress, increased academic workload, etc. The misuse is found to be common with prescribed psychotropic substances. Students need to be aware of the bad outcomes of using psychotropic substances. Participation of every stakeholder to curb this menace needs to be emphasized. More extensive studies are required to know about the increasing prevalence, factors, and misuse of psychotropics.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk

Fulltext Securing mobile ad hoc networks using danger theory-based artificial immune algorithm

Abdelhaq M, Alsaqour R, Abdelhaq S

PLoS One, 2015;10(5):e0120715.

PMID: 25946001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120715

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a set of mobile, decentralized, and self-organizing nodes that are used in special cases, such as in the military. MANET properties render the environment of this network vulnerable to different types of attacks, including black hole, wormhole and flooding-based attacks. Flooding-based attacks are one of the most dangerous attacks that aim to consume all network resources and thus paralyze the functionality of the whole network. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to investigate the capability of a danger theory-based artificial immune algorithm called the mobile dendritic cell algorithm (MDCA) to detect flooding-based attacks in MANETs. The MDCA applies the dendritic cell algorithm (DCA) to secure the MANET with additional improvements. The MDCA is tested and validated using Qualnet v7.1 simulation tool. This work also introduces a new simulation module for a flooding attack called the resource consumption attack (RCA) using Qualnet v7.1. The results highlight the high efficiency of the MDCA in detecting RCAs in MANETs.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk Assessment

Fulltext Coronary risk factors in Malaysia: precious little is known, ... still

Yusoff K

Med J Malaysia, 2000 Dec;55(4):399-401.

PMID: 11221149

Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors

Modelling of conspicuity-related motorcycle accidents in Seremban and Shah Alam, Malaysia

Radin UR, Mackay MG, Hills BL

Accid Anal Prev, 1996 May;28(3):325-32.

PMID: 8799436

Preliminary analysis of the short-term impact of a running headlights intervention revealed that there has been a significant drop in conspicuity-related motorcycle accidents in the pilot areas, Seremban and Shah Alam, Malaysia. This paper attempts to look in more detail at conspicuity-related accidents involving motorcycles. The aim of the analysis was to establish a statistical model to describe the relationship between the frequency of conspicuity-related motorcycle accidents and a range of explanatory variables so that new insights can be obtained into the effects of introducing a running headlight campaign and regulation. The exogenous variables in this analysis include the influence of time trends, changes in the recording and analysis system, the effect of fasting activities during Ramadhan and the "Balik Kampong" culture, a seasonal cultural-religious holiday activity unique to Malaysia. The model developed revealed that the running headlight intervention reduced the conspicuity-related motorcycle accidents by about 29%. It is concluded that the intervention has been successful in improving conspicuity-related motorcycle accidents in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk

Fulltext Quantitative risk assessment on onshore gas terminal plant

Aliff, Farhan Bustani M., Siti Aslina Hussain

Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2018;15(2):25-33.

MyJurnal

Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) nowadays is an established risk assessment method used worldwide for the evaluation of risks on onshore plant and offshore facilities which associated with the major hazard installations. However, there are still many issues on QRA used. These include lack of consistency, complexity of the overall model structure, incorporation of new data, methodology and model analysis. Common problem observed for the onshore QRA methodology is conservatism of fire and explosion consequence results using DNV PhastRisk 6.7 software which is mainly contributed from the high release rate due to loss of containment. This paper presents an alternative way to predict the actual release rate for fire and explosion modelling which called limiting flowrate technique. This method has been applied for calculating risk in Onshore Gas Terminal (OGT) Plant. Adopting the limiting flowrate technique has provide more precise model towards real scenarios. Challenges facing during this research such as using the unmodified United Kingdom (UK) HSE hydrocarbon release database without integrate with the actual failure frequencies from the plant, the risk results tend to be much higher than actual experience. It should be noted that the development of improved onshore risk model has been used as an example for this research but many of the issues are equally applicable to offshore studies as well.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk Assessment

Fulltext An analysis of determination for life insurance premiums: the concept and practice of conventional and Islamic life insurance (Family Takaful)

Jumadil Saputra, Suhal Kusairi, Nur Azura Sanusi, Yusuf Abdullah

Malaysian Journal of Applied Sciences, 2018;1(2):41-51.

MyJurnal

This paper aims to analyze the distinction of premium setting rates by taking into account the risk
taken by conventional and Family Takaful. This study employed the Net Single and Annual Level
Premium formula, and the data were analyzed using a numerical simulation. We found that the
conventional and Takaful insurance systems utilize similar methods in the calculation of insurance
premium when considering pure risk faced by the participant or insured. However, both systems have
their own unique characteristics. The conventional and Family Takaful utilize historical data, such as
mortality rate, expected return rate, expected costs and expected amount of claims. The conventional
insurance is calculated to mitigate or minimize the risk of the insurance company against an amount of
claim faced in the future as long as the insurance is enforced until the contract ends. On the other
hand, the Family Takaful is intended to share fair value among participants in determining
benevolence through Tabarru premium. Every participant must pay for Tabarru premium to support
one another so that there is sufficient amount to cover unexpected claims among them and to uphold
mutual fund as evidence for the sense of mutual co-operation and brotherhood among participants.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk

Fulltext We are all different: insights from osteoporosis research in Asia

Yeap SS

Int J Rheum Dis, 2008;11:323-326.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-185X.2008.00404.x

Osteoporosis only became a 'disease' entity in the 20th century. After the initial observations and definitions of osteoporosis based on Caucasian populations, systematic research in Asian populations started in the 1980s. Significant variations between different ethnic groups with respect to the rate of osteoporotic fractures, bone mineral density and disease risk factors emerged from the data; this article highlights some of the earlier important findings and the dissimilarities. Osteoporosis is therefore not a homogeneous disease across the world.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors

Fulltext Occupational safety and health practice in school's classroom in Malaysia

Noor Adilah Hamzah, Ahmad Rasdan Ismail, Nor Kamilah Makhtar, Khairul Azhar Mat Daud, Norhidayah Mat Sout

Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2018;15(2):13-22.

MyJurnal

Today, more accidents reported in school, resulting not only minor injuries but also severe injuries such as fire in schools, mercury spills and falling from high places. The study was aimed at measuring the level of occupational safety and health practices in schools. The study was conducted at 205 schools in Kelantan, Malaysia. This study is a semi-quantitative study using observation method. Data collection is conducted based on Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC) Guidelines provided by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Malaysia. Hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control are determined using the HIRARC form. The findings were measured by determining the discrete data according to the number of low, medium and high-risk levels found. The study found that there were two dominant hazards namely physical hazard and ergonomic hazard. Therefore, the management should increase and improve classroom safety awareness to ensure safety and health of all occupants.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk Assessment

Sexual inadequacy

Tan CK

Family Practitioner, 1985;8:63-66.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk

Community-based approach for a flood preparedness plan in Malaysia

Shariff NNM, Hamidi ZS

Jamba, 2019;11(1):598.

PMID: 30863510 DOI: 10.4102/jamba.v11i1.598

Floods have caused inevitable major disasters around the world as well as in Malaysia. This paper demonstrates that lessons can be taken from the previous flood disasters when developing an effective flood preparedness plan. As a common practice, disaster management is based on a top-down approach or is government-centred. This article attempts to highlight the significance of developing a flood preparedness plan by involving the communities affected. Qualitative analysis was adopted in order to gain in-depth insight of the communities. Two flood-prone communities were chosen: (1) Machang, Kelantan; and (2) Kuala Lipis, Pahang. There were two important things executed by the community for the preparation: (1) community-based disaster risk management; and (2) intensive mutual assistance.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk Management

Fulltext Risk Assessment of the SME Sector Operations during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Grondys K, Ślusarczyk O, Hussain HI, Androniceanu A

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 04 15;18(8).

PMID: 33920916 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084183

The subject matter of the article relates to the assessment of the perception of selected types of risk in economic activities of the SME sector, which change their intensity as a result of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The current economic downturn is unprecedented and involves many companies and industries that have faced new, previously unknown challenges and threats. The objective of the article is to identify the most important risks and their resources based on the empirical research carried out in small and medium-sized enterprises in Poland. The formulated objective was accomplished using the data collection method, i.e., the survey and reports on the condition of the SME sector in Poland as well as statistical data analysis methods, i.e., structure index and the analysis of variance, using the SPSS system. The process of primary data collection was carried out by means of an electronic survey among selected enterprises of the SME sector, conducting business activities in Poland. In the study, the employment factor was taken into account as a determinant of the perception and assessment of the intensity of selected risks arising from the economic activity in the Polish market in the conditions of the current economic downturn. On the basis of the obtained results, the impact of market, economic, financial and operational risks, depending on their intensity, on the functioning of micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises was identified. Based on the analysis of variance, the effect of the size of the company on the level of individual risks was also examined. As a result of the observations made, it was established that, during the pandemic, the level and type of risk is similar in all the surveyed enterprises. They are most often threatened by strong competition in the industry, an increase in energy prices and insufficient profit. The overall results of the empirical research indicate the importance and the need to manage the key threats to the Polish SME sector.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk Assessment

Rowing Biomechanics, Physiology and Hydrodynamic: A Systematic Review

Yusof AAM, Harun MN, Nasruddin FA, Syahrom A

Int J Sports Med, 2020 Aug 25.

PMID: 32842154 DOI: 10.1055/a-1231-5268

According to numerous studies, rowing performance is influenced by several factors including rower's biomechanics, rower's physiology, the force generated and stroke style. However, there is a missing gap linking such factors with rowing performance in the available literature. This paper aims to investigate the rowing mechanism in terms of rower anthropometry and physiology, which can impact its biomechanics and performance. The corresponding hydrodynamic force generated by the oar blade to accelerate the boat is also considered in the current study. To test the objectives, systematical online searching was conducted in search of the inclusion literature criteria. All included studies used Preferred Reporting item for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to obtain the final collection of articles for this review. In order to rate the quality of the articles, risk bias assessment was performed. A total of 35 studies were included in the assessment. The studies discussed the aspects of anthropometry and physiological of the rower, the biomechanics of the rower, corresponding hydrodynamic force on the oar blade and the rowing mechanism concerning boat performance. Based on the information obtained, an understanding of the important aspects of the rowing mechanism was achieved to provide an update for comprehensive improvement.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk Assessment

Safety and health risk assessment methodology of dermal and inhalation exposure to formulated products ingredients

Raslan R, Hassim MH, Chemmangattuvalappil NG, Ng DKS, Ten JY

Regul Toxicol Pharmacol, 2020 Oct;116:104753.

PMID: 32745583 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104753

Consumers are commonly exposed to numerous chemical ingredients found in various formulated products especially household and personal care products. Therefore, identification of hazardous ingredients contained in those products should be performed at the early stages of product design to reduce the high cost of redesigning the products at the final stage. Thus, a systematic safety and health risk assessment methodology is required for the product formulation design. In this work, a two-step index-based methodology is presented to estimate the severity of the hazards and the magnitude of risks. In Tier 1 assessment, potential hazards of the ingredients were identified by following the Product Ingredient Safety Index (PISI). The basic toxicology information of ingredients was required for this assessment. In Tier 2 assessment, the extent of risks of the ingredients via dermal and inhalation exposure routes were evaluated. At this stage, the concentration of ingredients and the amount of exposure were considered. The value of Margin of Exposure (MOE) was used as an indicator in the development of Product Ingredient Exposure Index (PIEI). To demonstrate the proposed methodology, a case study on the evaluation of potential hazards and the risks from ingredients used in personal care product formulations were performed.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk Assessment

Fulltext Quantifying the risk of Zika virus spread in Asia during the 2015-16 epidemic in Latin America and the Caribbean: A modeling study

Luo XS, Imai N, Dorigatti I

Travel Med Infect Dis, 2020 01 26;33:101562.

PMID: 31996323 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101562

BACKGROUND: No large-scale Zika epidemic has been observed to date in Southeast Asia following the 2015-16 Latin American and the Caribbean epidemic. One hypothesis is Southeast Asian populations' partial immunity to Zika.

METHOD: We estimated the two conditions for a Zika outbreak emergence in Southeast Asia: (i) the risk of Zika introduction from Latin America and the Caribbean and, (ii) the risk of autochthonous transmission under varying assumptions on population immunity. We also validated the model used to estimate the risk of introduction by comparing the estimated number of Zika seeds introduced into the United States with case counts reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

RESULTS: There was good agreement between our estimates and case counts reported by the CDC. We thus applied the model to Southeast Asia and estimated that, on average, 1-10 seeds were introduced into Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. We also found increasing population immunity levels from 0 to 90% reduced probability of autochthonous transmission by 40% and increasing individual variation in transmission further reduced the outbreak probability.

CONCLUSIONS: Population immunity, combined with heterogeneity in transmission, can explain why no large-scale outbreak was observed in Southeast Asia during the 2015-16 epidemic.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors; Risk Assessment/methods; Risk Assessment/standards

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