Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 285 in total

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  1. Establishing a protocol for water sample processing for the detection of Blastocystis sp
    Lee IL, Tan TC, Govind SK
    Exp Parasitol, 2019 Mar;198:105-110.
    PMID: 30695704 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.01.007
    This study was aimed at establishing a protocol for water sample processing for the detection of Blastocystis sp. using distilled water spiked with Blastocystis sp. cysts. The study established a protocol involving eight technical aspects, namely, storage temperature, storage duration, minimum water sample volume, optimum relative centrifugal force, centrifugation duration, minimum number of cyst for inoculation in Jones' medium and turn-around-time for the detection of vacuolar forms of Blastocystis sp. Results showed a minimum of 1.0 L water sample should be collected and processed on the same day. Otherwise, it should be stored at 4 °C and processed within 3 days. Water sample should be centrifuged at 1400×g for 10 min. For the isolation of Blastocystis sp. cysts, parasite pellet could be layered on top of Ficoll-Paque™ PLUS, centrifuged at 1400×g for 20 min and washed twice using 0.9% saline with centrifugation at 1400×g for 10 min. A minimum of 1 × 105 cysts could then be inoculated in Jones' medium supplement with 10% horse serum, incubated at 37 °C and examined for any presence of vacuolar forms of Blastocystis sp. after 3 days of inoculation. A protocol for water sample processing for the detection of Blastocystis sp. has successfully been established. The protocol was validated using 106 various water samples. This protocol will be very useful in determining the extent of Blastocystis sp. contamination in water sources in order to identify the seriousness of contamination.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride
  2. Fulltext Ionic conductivity of MG30-PEMA blend solid polymer electrolyte
    Ayub, S.F., Nazir, K., Aziz, A.F., Ali, A.M.M., Saaid, S.I.Y., Yahya, M.Z.A.
    Scientific Research Journal, 2015;12(2):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    This paper presents on ionic conductivity of MG30-PEMA blend solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) prepared by solution cast technique. The analysis has shown that conductivity increases with the increasing salt composition. It is observed via x-ray diffraction analysis that the crystallinity of the sample decreased with the amount of salt composition as expected. It is also observed that the dielectric value increases with increasing amount of LiCF3SO3 in the sample. Surface morphology revealed that ion aggregation occurred after optimum conductivity which has lowered the conductivity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride, Dietary
  3. Effect of dissolution times on compressive properties and energy absorption of aluminum foam
    NUR SURIANNI AHAMAD SUFFIN, ANASYIDA ABU SEMAN, ZUHAILAWATI HUSSAIN
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:1755-1761.
    Aluminum foams were fabricated by sintering dissolution process (SDP) using sodium chloride (NaCl) as space holder. The compositions of space holder, used in this study were 40 and 60 wt. % with different dissolution times; 1, 2 and 3 h. The effect of different dissolution times on compressive behavior and energy absorption of foams were evaluated. The result showed that by increasing space holder and dissolution times, energy absorption capability increases. For aluminum foam contains 60 wt. % NaCl, longer dissolution times resulted in thinner cell wall and cell structure become more unstable which lead to lower plateau region.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride
  4. Fulltext Electrochemical data of single and hybrid sol-gel coating precursors for aluminum alloy corrosion protection in 3.5% NaCl
    Hussin MH
    Data Brief, 2019 Feb;22:971-976.
    PMID: 30740480 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.01.029
    The anti-corrosion performances of single(TEOS) and hybrid (APTES-TEOS) sol-gel coatings on Al alloy samples exposed to 3.5 wt% NaCl were evaluated employing electrochemical techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization. The data acquired using the three corrosion analysis techniques were in accordance with each other where hybrid sol-gel coating offered the lowest corrosion rate and current density in comparison to the single precursor silanol coating. Tafel curves suggested that the hybrid silane coatings mitigate both the anodic and cathodic reactions simultaneously (mixed type inhibitor). These techniques justified that incorporation of hybrid sol-gel improved the Al corrosion protection performance considerably.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride
  5. Effectiveness of table salt versus copper sulphate in treating umbilical granuloma: A pilot randomized controlled trial
    Chung KJ, Chin YM, Wong MS, Sanmugam A, Singaravel S, Nah SA
    J Pediatr Surg, 2022 Feb;57(2):261-265.
    PMID: 34838305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.10.032
    BACKGROUND: Umbilical granuloma is a common infantile condition which usually responds to non operative management. Copper sulphate (CuSO4) is often used as chemical cauterization but can cause superficial skin burns. An alternative is table salt (NaCl), which osmotically dehydrates wet granulation tissue causing necrosis. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of NaCl versus CuSO4 in treating umbilical granuloma.

    METHOD: We performed a multi centerrandomized controlled trial involving three regional pediatricsurgical units. We included children who presented with umbilical granuloma from December 2018 to May 2020. Children who received treatment prior to index visit were excluded. They were randomly allocated to receive NaCl (twice/day application for 5 days by caregiver) or CuSO4 (single application by clinician). Demographic data, compliance in the NaCl group by pill counting method, treatment outcomes, and complications were recorded. Treatment success was defined as complete lesion resolution. Partial or no response was considered treatment failure. Subsequent treatment then reverted to the respective center's routine management.

    RESULT: We recruited 70 participants with 6 dropouts (2 defaulters, 1 vitellointestinal duct, 3 urachal remnants), leaving 64 subjects for final analysis: 31 NaCl, 33 CuSO4. Compliance rate of 77.4% was recorded for NaCl, with 6 (20%) 'poor compliance' participants stopping therapy before completion owing to complete resolution. NaCl group had a significantly higher complete resolution rate (90.4%) compared to CuSO4 (69.7%), p = 0.040. No NaCl participant developed complications versus 9% (n = 3) in CuSO4 (periumbilical superficial skin burn).

    CONCLUSION: Table salt is an ideal treatment choice for umbilical granuloma as it is effective, safe, and readily available.

    LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride, Dietary
  6. Spatial distribution of copepods along the salinity gradient of Perai river estuary, Penang, Malaysia
    Johan I, Maznah WO, Mashhor M, Abu Hena MK, Amin SM
    Pak J Biol Sci, 2012 Jul 01;15(13):647-52.
    PMID: 24218935
    Investigation on copepod communities in Perai river estuary was conducted from November 2005 to May 2006. Five stations were established for monthly sampling and were located from the river mouth to the upper reaches of the river. Copepod samples were collected from vertical tows using a standard zooplankton net. The Perai river estuary was slightly stratified and salinity decreases significantly from the mouth of the river towards the upper reaches of the river. A total of 28 species of copepods were recorded and comprised of 14 families, Paracalanidae, Oithonidae, Corycaeidae, Acartiidae, Calanidae, Centropagidae, Eucalanidae, Pontellidae, Pseudodiaptomidae, Tortanidae, Ectinosomatidae, Euterpinidae, Clausidiidae and Cyclopidae. A total of 10 species showed high positive affiliation towards salinity (R > 0.60), Acartia spinicauda, Euterpina acutifrons, Microsetella norvegica, Oithona nana, Oithona simplex, Paracalanus crassirostris, Paracalanus elegans, Paracalanus parvus, Pseudodiaptomus sp. and Hemicyclops sp. The copepod species Pseudodiaptomus dauglishi were negatively affiliated towards salinity (R = -0.71). The copepod assemblages classified into two distinct groups according to salinity regimes, euryhaline-polyhaline group (25 marine affiliated species) and oligohaline-mesohaline group (3 freshwater affiliated species).
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride
  7. Effects of salinity and pre-exposure on acute cadmium toxicity to seabass, Lates calcarifer
    Shazili NA
    Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 1995 Jan;54(1):22-8.
    PMID: 7756781
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride/metabolism; Sodium Chloride/pharmacology*
  8. Studies on seed germination and growth in weed species of rice field under salinity stress
    Hakim MA, Juraimi AS, Hanafi MM, Selamat A, Ismail MR, Karim SM
    J Environ Biol, 2011 Sep;32(5):529-36.
    PMID: 22319865
    An investigation was made to see the salt tolerance of 10 weed species of rice. Properly dried and treated seeds of weed species were placed on 9 cm diameter petridishes lined with Whatman No. 1 filter paper under 6 salinity regimes, viz. 0 (control), 4, 8, 16, 24 and 32 dS m(-1). The petri dishes were then kept in germinator at 25 +/- 1.0 degrees C and 12 hr light. The number of germinated seeds were recorded daily. The final germination percentage, germination index (GI), seedling vigour index, mean germination time and time for 50% germination were estimated. Root and shoot lengths of the weed seedlings were measured at 20 days after salt application and relative growth values were calculated. Results revealed that salinity decreased final germination percentage, seed of germination as measured by GI, and shoot and root length in all the species. Germination of most of the weed seeds was completely arrested (0) at 32 dS m(-1) salinity except in E. colona (12%) and C. iria (13.9%). The species C. iria, E. colona, J. linifolia and E. crusgalli showed better germination (above 30%) upto 24 dS m(-1) salinity level and were regarded as salt-tolerant weed species. J. linifolia, F. miliacea, L. chinensis and O. sativa L. (weedy rice) were graded as moderately tolerant and S. zeylanica, S. grosus and C. difformis were regarded as least tolerant weed species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride/toxicity*; Sodium Chloride/chemistry
  9. Fulltext Link Between Dietary Sodium Intake, Cognitive Function, and Dementia Risk in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review
    Mohan D, Yap KH, Reidpath D, Soh YC, McGrattan A, Stephan BCM, et al.
    J Alzheimers Dis, 2020;76(4):1347-1373.
    PMID: 32675410 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-191339
    BACKGROUND: A key focus for dementia risk-reduction is the prevention of socio-demographic, lifestyle, and nutritional risk factors. High sodium intake is associated with hypertension and cardiovascular disease (both are linked to dementia), generating numerous recommendations for salt reduction to improve cardiovascular health.

    OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to assess, in middle- and older-aged people, the relationship between dietary sodium intake and cognitive outcomes including cognitive function, risk of cognitive decline, or dementia.

    METHODS: Six databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Psych info, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) were searched from inception to 1 March 2020. Data extraction included information on study design, population characteristics, sodium reduction strategy (trials) or assessment of dietary sodium intake (observational studies), measurement of cognitive function or dementia, and summary of main results. Risk-of-bias assessments were performed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) assessment tool.

    RESULTS: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria including one clinical trial, six cohorts, and eight cross-sectional studies. Studies reported mixed associations between sodium levels and cognition. Results from the only clinical trial showed that a lower sodium intake was associated with improved cognition over six months. In analysis restricted to only high-quality studies, three out of four studies found that higher sodium intake was associated with impaired cognitive function.

    CONCLUSION: There is some evidence that high salt intake is associated with poor cognition. However, findings are mixed, likely due to poor methodological quality, and heterogeneous dietary, analytical, and cognitive assessment methods and design of the studies. Reduced sodium intake may be a potential target for intervention. High quality prospective studies and clinical trials are needed.

    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride, Dietary/metabolism; Sodium Chloride, Dietary/pharmacology*
  10. Renal effects of an emergency department chloride-restrictive intravenous fluid strategy in patients admitted to hospital for more than 48 hours
    Yunos NM, Bellomo R, Taylor DM, Judkins S, Kerr F, Sutcliffe H, et al.
    Emerg Med Australas, 2017 Dec;29(6):643-649.
    PMID: 28597505 DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.12821
    OBJECTIVE: Patients commonly receive i.v. fluids in the ED. It is still unclear whether the choice of i.v. fluids in this setting influences renal or patient outcomes. We aimed to assess the effects of restricting i.v. chloride administration in the ED on the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI).

    METHODS: We conducted a before-and-after trial with 5008 consecutive ED-treated hospital admissions in the control period and 5146 consecutive admissions in the intervention period. During the control period (18 February 2008 to 17 August 2008), patients received standard i.v. fluids. During the intervention period (18 February 2009 to 17 August 2009), we restricted all chloride-rich fluids. We used the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) staging to define AKI.

    RESULTS: Stage 3 of KDIGO-defined AKI decreased from 54 (1.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.8-1.4) to 30 (0.6%; 95% CI 0.4-0.8) (P = 0.006). The rate of renal replacement therapy did not change, from 13 (0.3%; 95% CI 0.2-0.4) to 8 (0.2%; 95% CI 0.1-0.3) (P = 0.25). After adjustment for relevant covariates, liberal chloride therapy remained associated with a greater risk of KDIGO stage 3 (hazard ratio 1.82; 95% CI 1.13-2.95; P = 0.01). On sensitivity assessment after removing repeat admissions, KDIGO stage 3 remained significantly lower in the intervention period compared with the control period (P = 0.01).

    CONCLUSION: In a before-and-after trial, a chloride-restrictive strategy in an ED was associated with a significant decrease in the incidence of stage 3 of KDIGO-defined AKI.

    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride/metabolism*; Sodium Chloride/therapeutic use
  11. Fulltext Epigenetic Control of the Vasopressin Promoter Explains Physiological Ability to Regulate Vasopressin Transcription in Dehydration and Salt Loading States in the Rat
    Greenwood MP, Greenwood M, Gillard BT, Loh SY, Paton JF, Murphy D
    J Neuroendocrinol, 2016 04;28(4).
    PMID: 26833868 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12371
    The synthesis of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus is sensitive to increased plasma osmolality and a decreased blood volume, and thus is robustly increased by both dehydration (increased plasma osmolality and decreased blood volume) and salt loading (increased plasma osmolality). Both stimuli result in functional remodelling of the SON and PVN, a process referred to as functional-related plasticity. Such plastic changes in the brain have recently been associated with altered patterns of DNA methylation at CpG (cytosine-phosphate-guanine) residues, a process considered to be important for the regulation of gene transcription. In this regard, the proximal Avp promoter contains a number of CpG sites and is recognised as one of four CpG islands for the Avp gene, suggesting that methylation may be regulating Avp transcription. In the present study, we show that, in an immortalised hypothalamic cell line 4B, the proximal Avp promoter is highly methylated, and treatment of these cells with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine to demethylate DNA dramatically increases basal and stimulated Avp biosynthesis. We report no changes in the expression of DNA methyltransferases, Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a, whereas there is decreased expression of the demethylating enzyme ten-eleven-translocation 2, Tet2, in the SON by dehydration and salt loading. We found higher methylation of the SON Avp promoter in dehydrated but not salt-loaded rats. By analysis of individual CpG sites, we observed hypomethylation, hypermethylation and no change in methylation of specific CpGs in the SON Avp promoter of the dehydrated rat. Using reporter gene assays, we show that mutation of individual CpGs can result in altered Avp promoter activity. We propose that methylation of the SON Avp promoter is necessary to co-ordinate the duel inputs of increased plasma osmolality and decreased blood volume on Avp transcription in the chronically dehydrated rat.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride/metabolism*; Sodium Chloride/pharmacology
  12. Salt: an ineffective vehicle for iodine delivery to young children in rural Sarawak
    Foo LC, Zainab T, Nafikudin M, Letchuman GR
    Ann Endocrinol (Paris), 1996;57(6):470-5.
    PMID: 9084692
    The urinary iodine excretions of women (15-40 y) and young children (< or = 6 y) from two longhouse villages in the iodine-deficient district of Lubok Antu, Sarawak, were compared. One longhouse (Mengkak) was provided with freshly produced iodized salt every two months (one kg per family) while the other (Menjiling) was provided with iodized water via fortification of the village piped-water supply. Spot urines were collected for iodine determination at baseline and at 6 and 12 months after the start of the study. Salt and water samples were collected at monthly intervals. Goiter assessment was performed on the women at the start and end of the one-year study. The mean iodine concentrations in the salt samples from Mengkak and Menjiling were, respectively, 47.1 +/- 9.7 mg/kg (n = 60) and 0.8 +/- 3.4 mg/kg (n = 60) while the mean iodine concentration in the water samples from Menjiling was 138.6 +/- 43.2 micrograms/L (n = 24); iodine could not be detected in the water samples from Mengkak. There were significant and sustained increases in median urinary iodine excretions of both women and young children in Menjiling; in Mengkak, however, significant and sustained increases in median urinary iodine excretions were observed only in women while the median urinary iodine excretions of children remained essentially unchanged throughout the study period. Goiter prevalences in the women were reduced in both longhouses. The above observations reveal the inadequacy of iodized salt as a vehicle for iodine delivery to young rural Sarawakian children and indicate the need for other means of delivering supplemental iodine to this age group in areas where salt iodization is the only strategy for IDD control. In contrast, iodization of village water supply by itself is adequate in delivering iodine uniformly to the whole community.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride, Dietary/administration & dosage*; Sodium Chloride, Dietary/pharmacology
  13. Umami taste components and their sources in Asian foods
    Hajeb P, Jinap S
    Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2015;55(6):778-91.
    PMID: 24915349 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.678422
    Umami, the fifth basic taste, is the inimitable taste of Asian foods. Several traditional and locally prepared foods and condiments of Asia are rich in umami. In this part of world, umami is found in fermented animal-based products such as fermented and dried seafood, and plant-based products from beans and grains, dry and fresh mushrooms, and tea. In Southeast Asia, the most preferred seasonings containing umami are fish and seafood sauces, and also soybean sauces. In the East Asian region, soybean sauces are the main source of umami substance in the routine cooking. In Japan, the material used to obtain umami in dashi, the stock added to almost every Japanese soups and boiled dishes, is konbu or dried bonito. This review introduces foods and seasonings containing naturally high amount of umami substances of both animal and plant sources from different countries in Asia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride, Dietary
  14. Fulltext Effect of number and washing solutions on functional properties of surimi-like material from duck meat
    Ramadhan K, Huda N, Ahmad R
    J Food Sci Technol, 2014 Feb;51(2):256-66.
    PMID: 24493882 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-011-0510-1
    Duck meat is less utilized than other meats in processed products because of limitations of its functional properties, including lower water holding capacity, emulsion stability, and higher cooking loss compared with chicken meat. These limitations could be improved using surimi technology, which consists of washing and concentrating myofibrillar protein. In this study, surimi-like materials were made from duck meat using two or three washings with different solutions (tap water, sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium phosphate buffer). Better improvement of the meat's functional properties was obtained with three washings versus two washings. Washing with tap water achieved the highest gel strength; moderate elevation of water holding capacity, pH, lightness, and whiteness; and left a small amount of fat. Washing with sodium bicarbonate solution generated the highest water holding capacity and pH and high lightness and whiteness values, but it resulted in the lowest gel strength. Processing duck meat into surimi-like material improves its functional properties, thereby making it possible to use duck meat in processed products.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride
  15. Fulltext Formation of biofilm by Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19112 at different incubation temperatures and concentrations of sodium chloride
    Lee HY, Chai LC, Pui CF, Mustafa S, Cheah YK, Nishibuchi M, et al.
    Braz J Microbiol, 2013;44(1):51-5.
    PMID: 24159283 DOI: 10.1590/S1517-83822013005000004
    Biofilm formation can lead to various consequences in the food processing line such as contamination and equipment breakdowns. Since formation of biofilm can occur in various conditions; this study was carried out using L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 and its biofilm formation ability tested under various concentrations of sodium chloride and temperatures. Cultures of L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 were placed in 96-well microtitre plate containing concentration of sodium chloride from 1-10% (w/v) and incubated at different temperature of 4 °C, 30 °C and 45 °C for up to 60 h. Absorbance reading of crystal violet staining showed the density of biofilm formed in the 96-well microtitre plates was significantly higher when incubated in 4 °C. The formation of biofilm also occurs at a faster rate at 4 °C and higher optical density (OD 570 nm) was observed at 45 °C. This shows that storage under formation of biofilm that may lead to a higher contamination along the processing line in the food industry. Formation of biofilm was found to be more dependent on temperature compared to sodium chloride stress.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride
  16. Fulltext Iodine intake and status during pregnancy and lactation before and after government initiatives to improve iodine status, in Palmerston North, New Zealand: a pilot study
    Brough L, Jin Y, Shukri NH, Wharemate ZR, Weber JL, Coad J
    Matern Child Nutr, 2015 Oct;11(4):646-55.
    PMID: 23782592 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12055
    Iodine deficiency during pregnancy and lactation may adversely affect fetal and infant development. Two initiatives were introduced in New Zealand to prevent deficiency: (1) mandatory fortification of bread with iodised salt; and (2) provision of a subsidised iodine supplement (150 μg) for all pregnant and breastfeeding women. The aim of this study was to assess iodine intake and status among a self-selecting sample of pregnant and lactating women in Palmerston North, both before and after the two initiatives. Pregnant and breastfeeding women were recruited before (n = 25 and 32; 2009) and after (n = 34 and 36; 2011) the initiatives. Iodine concentration was determined in 24-h urine and breast milk samples using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Use of supplements and salt, knowledge of iodine deficiency, and awareness of the initiatives were determined by questionnaire. Median urine iodine concentration (UIC) was higher in 2011 compared with 2009 for both pregnant (85 and 47 μg L(-1) ) and breastfeeding (74 and 34 μg L(-1) ) participants; median UIC were below the cut-offs for adequate iodine status. However, in 2011, the estimated daily iodine intake during pregnancy was 217 μg day(-1) ; 74% of women achieved the Estimated Average Requirement. Knowledge of the initiatives was low, only 28-56% were aware of the need for iodine supplements and only 15-22% were aware of the mandatory addition of iodised salt to bread. Despite initiatives, UIC of these women indicates iodine deficiency, however, dietary intakes appear adequate. Ongoing surveillance of supplement use and iodine status among pregnant and lactating women throughout New Zealand is needed to fully assess the efficacy of the initiatives. Alternative strategies may require evaluation to ensure all women have adequate iodine during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride, Dietary/administration & dosage*; Sodium Chloride, Dietary/metabolism; Sodium Chloride, Dietary/urine
  17. Fulltext Improvement of halophilic cellulase production from locally isolated fungal strain
    Gunny AA, Arbain D, Jamal P, Gumba RE
    Saudi J Biol Sci, 2015 Jul;22(4):476-83.
    PMID: 26150755 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.11.021
    Halophilic cellulases from the newly isolated fungus, Aspergillus terreus UniMAP AA-6 were found to be useful for in situ saccharification of ionic liquids treated lignocelluloses. Efforts have been taken to improve the enzyme production through statistical optimization approach namely Plackett-Burman design and the Face Centered Central Composite Design (FCCCD). Plackett-Burman experimental design was used to screen the medium components and process conditions. It was found that carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), FeSO4·7H2O, NaCl, MgSO4·7H2O, peptone, agitation speed and inoculum size significantly influence the production of halophilic cellulase. On the other hand, KH2PO4, KOH, yeast extract and temperature had a negative effect on enzyme production. Further optimization through FCCCD revealed that the optimization approach improved halophilic cellulase production from 0.029 U/ml to 0.0625 U/ml, which was approximately 2.2-times greater than before optimization.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride
  18. Fulltext Reaction Mechanism of Wollastonite In Situ Mineral Carbonation for CO2 Sequestration: Effects of Saline Conditions, Temperature, and Pressure
    Kashim MZ, Tsegab H, Rahmani O, Abu Bakar ZA, Aminpour SM
    ACS Omega, 2020 Nov 17;5(45):28942-28954.
    PMID: 33225124 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02358
    The research presented here investigates the reaction mechanism of wollastonite in situ mineral carbonation for carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration. Because wollastonite contains high calcium (Ca) content, it was considered as a suitable feedstock in the mineral carbonation process. To evaluate the reaction mechanism of wollastonite for geological CO2 sequestration (GCS), a series of carbonation experiments were performed at a range of temperatures from 35 to 90 °C, pressures from 1500 to 4000 psi, and salinities from 0 to 90,000 mg/L NaCl. The kinetics batch modeling results were validated with carbonation experiments at the specific pressure and temperature of 1500 psi and 65 °C, respectively. The results showed that the dissolution of calcium increases with increment in pressure and salinity from 1500 to 4000 psi and 0 to 90000 mg/L NaCl, respectively. However, the calcium concentration decreases by 49%, as the reaction temperature increases from 35 to 90 °C. Besides, it is clear from the findings that the carbonation efficiency only shows a small difference (i.e., ±2%) for changing the pressure and salinity, whereas the carbonation efficiency was shown to be enhanced by 62% with increment in the reaction temperature. These findings can provide information about CO2 mineralization of calcium silicate at the GCS condition, which may enable us to predict the fate of the injected CO2, and its subsurface geochemical evolution during the CO2-fluid-rock interaction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride
  19. Fulltext Microfluidics Chip for Directional Solvent Extraction Desalination of Seawater
    Abdulbari HA, Basheer EAM
    Sci Rep, 2019 08 29;9(1):12576.
    PMID: 31467344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49071-7
    Directional solvent extraction is one of the promising membrane-less seawater desalination method. This technique was not extensively investigated due the poor mixing and separation performances of its bench-scale system. It is believed that, overcoming these drawbacks is possible now with the rapid development of microfluidics technology that enabled high-precession micro mixing and separation. This work presents microfluidics chip for extracting and separating salt from seawater. The chip was designed with two sections for extraction and separation. In both sections, the liquids were separated using capillary channels perpendicular to the main stream. The main channels were designed to be 400 µm in width and 100 µm in height. Two streams inlets were introduced through a Y-junction containing octanoic acid as the organic phase and saltwater as the aqueous phase. The desalination performance was investigated at four different temperatures and five different solvent flow rates. Water product salinity was recorded to be as low as 0.056% (w/w) at 60 °C and 40 mL/h. A maximum water yield of 5.2% was achieved at 65 °C and 40 mL/h with a very low solvent residual (70 ppm). The chip mass transfer efficiency was recorded to be as high as 68% under similar conditions. The fabricated microfluidic desalination system showed a significant improvement in terms of water yield and separation efficiency over the conventional macroscale. The high performance of this microsystem resulted from its ability to achieve a high mixing efficiency and separate phases selectively and that will provide a good platform in the near future to develop small desalination kits for personal use.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride
  20. Voltammetric determination of iodide in iodized table salt using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as ion-pairing
    Jamilan MA, Abdullah J, Alang Ahmad SA, Md Noh MF
    J Food Sci Technol, 2019 Aug;56(8):3846-3853.
    PMID: 31413410 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03855-x
    In this work, voltammetric study based on cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as an ion-pairing agent for the determination of iodine level in iodized table salt has been explored. CTAB was used as an intermediate compound between iodide (I-) and the electrode due to its ability to dissociate to produce cetyltrimethylammonium ions ([CTA]+). The [CTA]+ with a long hydrophobic alkyl chain can be directly adsorbed onto the surface of the working electrode, and this in turns coated the electrode with cationic charge and enhance the electrode ability to bind to iodide (I-) and other molecular iodine ions. A mixture of iodide and CTAB ([CTA]+I-) was prepared and potential of 1.0 V for 60.0 s was applied to pre-concentrate the solution on the working electrode causing the [CTA]+I- to oxidize to iodine (I2). The produced I2 immediately react with chloride ion (Cl-) from the electrolyte of hydrochloric acid (HCl) to produce I2Cl- and form ion-pair with CTA+ as [CTA]+I2Cl-. The linear calibration curve of the developed method towards iodide was in the concentration range of 0.5-4.0 mg/L with sensitivity of - 1.383 µA mg/L-1 cm-2 (R2 = 0.9950), limit of detection (LOD) of 0.3 mg/L and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.0 mg/L, respectively. The proposed method indicates good agreement with the standard method for iodine determination with recovery range from 95.0 to 104.3%. The developed method provided potential application as a portable on-site iodine detector.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride, Dietary
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