Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 205 in total

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  1. Hamidon BB, Raymond AA
    J Postgrad Med, 2003 Oct-Dec;49(4):307-9; discussion 309-10.
    PMID: 14699227
    Background and purpose: Diabetes mellitus is a strong risk factor for stroke. However, the prognosis in terms of mortality after a stroke is still unclear, especially in diabetic patients. The main purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate the features of stroke in patients having diabetes mellitus with those without diabetes mellitus and to identify factors that influence survival following a stroke.

    Subjects and methods: In a prospective hospital-based study consecutive patients with acute ischaemic stroke were enrolled. A single observer, using predefined diagnostic criteria recorded the demographics, risk factors and the type of stroke and deaths that occurred during the in-patient period.

    Results: One hundred and sixty-three patients with acute ischaemic stroke were enrolled in the study. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was present in 90 (55.2%) patients. Diabetes was a significant independent predictor of mortality (OR 4.88; 95%CI 1.25-19.1). Among the diabetic patients middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory infarct (OR 34.8, 95%CI 4.5-269.4) and Glasgow coma score (GCS) less than 9 (OR 12.3, 95%CI 3.7-198.1) were independent predictors of mortality.

    Conclusions: MCA infarcts and poor conscious level increase the mortality in diabetic patients with stroke. Mortality is also significantly related to a high level of blood glucose at admission.
    Matched MeSH terms: Survival Analysis
  2. Law KB, Chang KM, Hamzah NA, Ng KH, Ong TC
    Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus, 2017 Dec;33(4):483-491.
    PMID: 29075058 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-017-0790-3
    The study aimed to investigate the effect of consolidation treatment with fludarabine, high-dose cytarabine and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor or FLAG in older AML patients. The study included 41 eligible patients above 54 years old, who received both induction and consolidation chemotherapy for AML from 2008 to 2013. The study cohort had a minimum 24 months follow-up period. Survival analysis was carried out to assess patients' overall survival and disease free survival based on types of consolidation regimens. The consolidation treatment with FLAG exerted a protective effect to both overall survival and disease free survival in older patients. Patients who were consolidated with FLAG regimen had a significant longer overall survival (log-rank, p = 0.0025) and disease free survival (log-rank, p = 0.0026). The median overall survival was longer (18.70 months) with the use of FLAG when compared to non-FLAG group (8.09 months). The median disease free survival was also longer (13.84 months) with use of FLAG when compared to the non-FLAG group (4.44 months). Regression analysis with Cox model yielded hazard ratio of 0.245 (p = 0.0094) in overall survival and 0.217 (p = 0.0068) in disease free survival. The use of FLAG as consolidation treatment was associated with approximately 60-80% reduction in hazard rates. The result was adjusted for age, race and gender in regression analysis. Older AML patients had longer remission and survival when consolidated with FLAG regimen after the induction chemotherapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Survival Analysis
  3. Liew KY, Zulkiflee AB
    Braz J Otorhinolaryngol, 2017 10 19;84(6):764-771.
    PMID: 29128472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2017.09.004
    INTRODUCTION: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a geographically and racially variable disease which has a high incidence in Malaysia. Based on current concepts in tumour related inflammation the inflammatory marker, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio was tested to find its relationship with prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio on prognosis in non-metastatic primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and to further refine the cut off between high and low neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio values.

    METHODS: The medical charts of patients with histologically confirmed nasopharyngeal carcinoma from 1st January 2005 until 31st December 2009 were reviewed retrospectively and theneutrophil-lymphocyte ratio was calculated to see if there was any association between their higher values with higher failure rates.

    RESULTS: Records of 98 patients (n=98) were retrieved and reviewed. Only neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (p=0.004) and tumor node metastasis staging (p=0.002) were significantly different between recurrent and non-recurrent groups, with the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio being independent of tumor node metastasis staging (p=0.007). Treatment failure was significantly higher in the high neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio group (p=0.001). Disease free survival was also significantly higher in this group (p=0.000077).

    CONCLUSION: High neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio values are associated with higher rates of recurrence and worse disease free survival in non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients undergoing primary curative treatment.

    Matched MeSH terms: Survival Analysis
  4. Seleena P, Lee HL, Chiang YF
    J Vector Ecol, 2001 Jun;26(1):110-3.
    PMID: 11469179
    Matched MeSH terms: Survival Analysis
  5. Ahmad P, Nawaz R, Qurban M, Shaikh GM, Mohamed RN, Nagarajappa AK, et al.
    Medicine (Baltimore), 2021 Sep 10;100(36):e27127.
    PMID: 34516504 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000027127
    In Malaysia, oral cancer is very common and the reported 5-year survival of such patients is nearly 50% after treatment with surgery and radiotherapy, much lower than most of the developed countries. This study aimed to investigate the socio-demographic and clinicopathological parameters that influence the mortality rate of the patients suffering from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the Kelantanse population.In this retrospective study, data regarding socio-demographic, clinicopathological factors, and treatment outcome associated with OSCC were gathered from the archives of the medical records office of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. For statistical analysis, simple and multiple logistic regression were performed. The significance level was set to P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Survival Analysis
  6. Tan LE, A M R, Lim CS
    J Investig Med, 2017 02;65(2):342-352.
    PMID: 27770016 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2016-000059
    Patients with lung cancer often have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the impact of COPD on postresection survival of patients with lung cancer is unclear. This study evaluated the impact of COPD on survival of patients with lung cancer following pulmonary resection. Databases searched included PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase until March 2016. Study outcomes were overall survival and pulmonary complication rate (pneumonia, bronchial fistula, and prolonged mechanical ventilation). 6 studies with a total of 3761 patients were included. The presence of COPD was associated with lower overall survival, increased frequency of pneumonia, and prolonged mechanical ventilation (p values ≤0.001). COPD had no influence on bronchial fistula development (p=0.098). In summary, COPD was associated with poorer survival and an increased frequency of certain adverse events in patients with lung cancer following resection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Survival Analysis
  7. Voralu K, Norsa'adah B, Naing NN, Biswal BM
    Singapore Med J, 2006 Aug;47(8):688-92.
    PMID: 16865209
    The aim of this study was to identify the prognostic factors that influence the survival of differentiated thyroid cancer patients treated at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM).
    Matched MeSH terms: Survival Analysis
  8. Yaacob I, Mustafa M
    Singapore Med J, 1994 Oct;35(5):512-4.
    PMID: 7701374
    Fifty-eight patients were ventilated for acute respiratory failure complicating respiratory diseases between 1985 to 1990. There were 19 cases of chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD), 17 cases of asthma, 16 cases of pneumonia and 6 cases with other diagnoses. Overall, 40% of patients survived and were discharged from the ward. Patients with pneumonia had the lowest survival rate (25%) whilst the survival rates for asthma and COAD were 47% and 42% respectively. Increasing age had an inverse relationship to survival rate (r = 0.96, p < 0.05) but the duration of ventilation did not correlate with survival. Patients who were electively ventilated before respiratory arrest had a better chance of survival (57%) compared with only 18% survival rate in patients who were ventilated as an emergency (x2 = 4.47, p < 0.05). Patients who developed other organ failure had higher mortality (71%) than those who did not (22%; x2 = 2.14, p < 0.05). We conclude that patients younger than 50 years of age, who were electively ventilated and without other organ failure had a better immediate survival after assisted ventilation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Survival Analysis
  9. Doctor NE, Ahmad NS, Pek PP, Yap S, Ong ME
    Singapore Med J, 2017 07;58(7):456-458.
    PMID: 28741005 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2017057
    Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a global health concern with an incidence rate of 50-60 per 100,000 person-years. To improve OHCA survival rates, several cardiac arrest registries have been set up in North America and Europe, such as the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium, Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival, Ontario Prehospital Advanced Life Support and European Registry of Cardiac Arrest. In Asia, however, there was previously no concerted effort in prehospital emergency care research owing to differences in prehospital emergency medical services systems, data collection methods and outcome reporting between countries. Recognising the need for a collaborative prehospital emergency care research group in Asia, researchers from seven countries in the Asia-Pacific region (including Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, United Arab Emirates-Dubai, Singapore and Malaysia) established the Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study (PAROS) clinical research network in 2010. This paper gives the overview, methodology and research accomplishments of the PAROS network.
    Matched MeSH terms: Survival Analysis
  10. Morra A, Jung AY, Behrens S, Keeman R, Ahearn TU, Anton-Culver H, et al.
    Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2021 Apr;30(4):623-642.
    PMID: 33500318 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-20-0924
    BACKGROUND: It is not known whether modifiable lifestyle factors that predict survival after invasive breast cancer differ by subtype.

    METHODS: We analyzed data for 121,435 women diagnosed with breast cancer from 67 studies in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium with 16,890 deaths (8,554 breast cancer specific) over 10 years. Cox regression was used to estimate associations between risk factors and 10-year all-cause mortality and breast cancer-specific mortality overall, by estrogen receptor (ER) status, and by intrinsic-like subtype.

    RESULTS: There was no evidence of heterogeneous associations between risk factors and mortality by subtype (P adj > 0.30). The strongest associations were between all-cause mortality and BMI ≥30 versus 18.5-25 kg/m2 [HR (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.19 (1.06-1.34)]; current versus never smoking [1.37 (1.27-1.47)], high versus low physical activity [0.43 (0.21-0.86)], age ≥30 years versus <20 years at first pregnancy [0.79 (0.72-0.86)]; >0-<5 years versus ≥10 years since last full-term birth [1.31 (1.11-1.55)]; ever versus never use of oral contraceptives [0.91 (0.87-0.96)]; ever versus never use of menopausal hormone therapy, including current estrogen-progestin therapy [0.61 (0.54-0.69)]. Similar associations with breast cancer mortality were weaker; for example, 1.11 (1.02-1.21) for current versus never smoking.

    CONCLUSIONS: We confirm associations between modifiable lifestyle factors and 10-year all-cause mortality. There was no strong evidence that associations differed by ER status or intrinsic-like subtype.

    IMPACT: Given the large dataset and lack of evidence that associations between modifiable risk factors and 10-year mortality differed by subtype, these associations could be cautiously used in prognostication models to inform patient-centered care.

    Matched MeSH terms: Survival Analysis
  11. Qureshi N, Chawla S, Likitvivatanavong S, Lee HL, Gill SS
    Appl Environ Microbiol, 2014 Sep;80(18):5689-97.
    PMID: 25002432 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01139-14
    The management and control of mosquito vectors of human disease currently rely primarily on chemical insecticides. However, larvicidal treatments can be effective, and if based on biological insecticides, they can also ameliorate the risk posed to human health by chemical insecticides. The aerobic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis and Lysinibacillus sphaericus have been used for vector control for a number of decades. But a more cost-effective use would be an anaerobic bacterium because of the ease with which these can be cultured. More recently, the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium bifermentans subsp. malaysia has been reported to have high mosquitocidal activity, and a number of proteins were identified as potentially mosquitocidal. However, the cloned proteins showed no mosquitocidal activity. We show here that four toxins encoded by the Cry operon, Cry16A, Cry17A, Cbm17.1, and Cbm17.2, are all required for toxicity, and these toxins collectively show remarkable selectivity for Aedes rather than Anopheles mosquitoes, even though C. bifermentans subsp. malaysia is more toxic to Anopheles. Hence, toxins that target Anopheles are different from those expressed by the Cry operon.
    Matched MeSH terms: Survival Analysis
  12. Cao N, Zhao A, Zhao G, Wang X, Han B, Lin R, et al.
    Integr Cancer Ther, 2015 Mar;14(2):133-9.
    PMID: 25567328 DOI: 10.1177/1534735414564185
    BACKGROUND: In China, traditional Chinese herbal medicine (TCHM) has been widely used for pancreatic cancer. This retrospective, matched case-control study aimed to assess factors affecting the survival time of patients with pancreatic cancer.
    METHODS: From 2004 to 2012, a total of 411 patients with pathologically confirmed pancreatic cancer were enrolled, and 272 patients were matched and divided into TCHM and non-TCHM groups (control group) based on received TCHM or not. The match was according to gender, age of onset, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Both groups received comprehensive treatments, the TCHM group simultaneously received the TCHM spleen-invigorating compound for more than 3 months. The Cox model was used for prognostic factor analysis and the Kaplan-Meier method for estimating median overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).
    RESULTS: In 130 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, COX analysis showed the Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS; P = .000), radiotherapy (P = .003), and TCHM (P = .001) were independent prognostic factors for OS, with median OS of 12.7 and 9.9 months in TCHM and non-TCHM groups, respectively (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.520; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.353-0.766; P = .033). In 142 patients undergoing radical surgery, KPS (P = .000) and TCHM (P = .000) were independent prognostic factors for OS and DFS, median OS was 23.8 and 12.4 months in TCHM and non-TCHM groups, respectively (HR = 0.373; 95% CI = 0.251-0.554; P = .000), and the median DFS was 21.5 and 10.2 months in TCHM and non-TCHM groups, respectively (HR = 0.352; 95% CI = 0.237-0.522; P = .000).
    CONCLUSIONS: KPS was an important prognostic factor of pancreatic cancer. Spleen-invigorating compounds could have an effect on improving the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Survival Analysis
  13. Pailoor J, Rajandram R, Yap NY, Ng KL, Wang Z, Iyengar KR
    Indian J Pathol Microbiol, 2013 Apr-Jun;56(2):98-102.
    PMID: 24056643 DOI: 10.4103/0377-4929.118688
    Chromosome 7 aberrations in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have been reported in papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, the implication of these anomalies on prognosis and survival is still unclear. RCC Chromosome 7 aberrations have commonly been detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization and chromogenic in situ hybridization but not silver in situ hybridization (SISH).
    Matched MeSH terms: Survival Analysis
  14. Ismail I, Bulgiba A
    PLoS One, 2013;8(8):e73250.
    PMID: 23951346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073250
    BACKGROUND: Mortality among TB/HIV co-infected patients is still high particularly in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the predictors of death in TB/HIV co-infected patients during TB treatment.
    METHODS: We reviewed medical records at the time of TB diagnosis and subsequent follow-up of all newly registered TB patients with HIV co-infection at TB clinics in the Institute of Respiratory Medicine and three public hospitals in the Klang Valley between January 2010 and September 2010. We reviewed these medical records again twelve months after their initial diagnosis to determine treatment outcomes and survival. We analysed using Kaplan-Meier and conducted multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis to identify predictors of death during TB treatment in TB/HIV co-infected patients.
    RESULTS: Of the 227 patients studied, 53 (23.3%) had died at the end of the study with 40% of deaths within two months of TB diagnosis. Survival at 2, 6 and 12 months after initiating TB treatment were 90.7%, 82.8% and 78.8% respectively. After adjusting for other factors, death in TB/HIV co-infected patients was associated with being Malay (aHR 4.48; 95%CI 1.73-11.64), CD4 T-lymphocytes count < 200 cells/µl (aHR 3.89; 95% CI 1.20-12.63), three or more opportunistic infections (aHR 3.61; 95% CI 1.04-12.55), not receiving antiretroviral therapy (aHR 3.21; 95% CI 1.76-5.85) and increase per 10(3) total white blood cell count per microliter (aHR 1.12; 95% CI 1.05-1.20).
    CONCLUSION: TB/HIV co-infected patients had a high case fatality rate during TB treatment. Initiation of antiretroviral therapy in these patients can improve survival by restoring immune function and preventing opportunistic infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Survival Analysis
  15. Bhoo-Pathy N, Hartman M, Yip CH, Saxena N, Taib NA, Lim SE, et al.
    PLoS One, 2012;7(2):e30995.
    PMID: 22363531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030995
    The burden of breast cancer in Asia is escalating. We evaluated the impact of ethnicity on survival after breast cancer in the multi-ethnic region of South East Asia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Survival Analysis
  16. Al-Rofaai A, Rahman WA, Abdulghani M
    Parasitol Res, 2013 Feb;112(2):893-8.
    PMID: 22961237 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3113-5
    The sensitivity of larval paralysis assay (LPA) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide-formazan (MTT-formazan) assay was compared to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of plant extracts. In this study, the methanolic extract of Azadirachta indica (neem) was evaluated for its activity against the infective-stage larvae (L(3)) of susceptible and resistant Haemonchus contortus strains using the two aforementioned assays. In both in vitro assays, the same serial concentrations of the extract were used, and the median lethal concentrations were determined to compare the sensitivity of both assays. The results revealed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the sensitivity of the LPA and the MTT-formazan assay. The MTT-formazan assay is more feasible for practical applications because it measured the L(3) mortality more accurately than LPA. This study may help find a suitable assay for investigating the anthelmintic activity of plant extracts against trichostrongylid nematodes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Survival Analysis
  17. Singh HJ, Keah LS, Kumar A, Sirajudeen KN
    Exp. Toxicol. Pathol., 2012 Nov;64(7-8):751-2.
    PMID: 21354772 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2011.01.011
    This report documents an incidental finding during a study investigating the effects of melatonin supplementation on the development of blood pressure in SHR. Administration of 10 mg/kg/day of melatonin in drinking water during pregnancy to Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) dams caused a loss of more than 50% of the pups by the age of three weeks and 95% by the age of 6 weeks. There was no maternal morbidity or mortality in the two strains or death of any of the SHR pups. No obvious physical defects were present but mean body weight was lower in the surviving WKY rats when compared to that of melatonin supplemented SHR or non-supplemented WKY pups. The reason for the high mortality in WKY pups is uncertain and appears to be strain if not batch specific. There is a need for caution in its use, particularly during pregnancy, and clearly necessitates more detailed studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Survival Analysis
  18. Kong CK, Roslani AC, Law CW, Law SC, Arumugam K
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2010;11(4):969-74.
    PMID: 21133609
    OBJECTIVE: Research over the past several decades has indicated that low socioeconomic class has a direct effect on health outcomes. In Malaysia, class distribution may differ with the region. The objective of this study was to compare the presentation and survival of colorectal cancer patients in two dissimilar cities, Kuala Lumpur and Kuching, Sarawak.

    METHODS: All patients diagnosed with a malignancy of the colon or rectum in Sarawak General Hospital and University of Malaya Medical Center from 1st Jan 2000-31st Dec 2006 were recruited. Data on presentation, socio-economic class and survival were obtained. The survival duration was categorized into more than three years or three years and less. Testing for significance was performed using the chi-square test, with p values less than 0.05 considered statistically significant.

    RESULTS: A total of 565 patients in UMMC and 642 patients in SGH had a new diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma. Patients in Kuching had a longer duration of symptoms and more advanced stage at presentation, but this was not statistically significant. Lower socio-economic class was a significant factor for late and more advanced stage at diagnosis, as well as poorer three and five year survival rates. However, survival was lower for patients in Kuching compared to Kuala Lumpur, even after matching for socio-economic class.

    CONCLUSION: There is near-zero awareness of colorectal cancer screening in Malaysia. These findings support reaching out to communities of lower socioeconomic backgrounds to improve the colorectal cancer survival rates.
    Matched MeSH terms: Survival Analysis
  19. Othman NH, Nor ZM, Biswal BM
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2008 Jul-Sep;9(3):473-8.
    PMID: 18990023
    OBJECTIVE: To determine the trend of cancer cases in one major hospital in Kelantan over a 20 year period from 1987 to 2007 and to speculate the change in trend due to the socio-economic and other health status in the state.

    METHODOLOGY: All data on clinically diagnosed cancer cases in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia [HUSM] were retrieved from the hospital medical records. The cancers were classified according to ICD10 and scrutinized to avoid duplicate or more entries. The increment in cancer incidence was calculated based on total numbers of cancer cases per each 5-6 year period.

    RESULTS: A total of 12,228 solid cancers were diagnosed during the period. There is an increment of 20.1% for 1991-1996 from 1987-1990 period, 67.4% for 1997-2001 from 1991-1996 period and 305.9% for 2002-2007 from the 1997-2001 period. The rise was steep in the last 5-6 years. After excluding referred cases from states outside Kelantan, the increments were 20.1%, 67.4% and 143.6% for the consecutive 5-6 year periods. The predominant rising trends were seen for cancers of the female organs, digestive tract and endocrine organs.

    CONCLUSION: Cancer cases in HUSM are showing a rising trend, associated with increasing prevalence of smoking, obesity and diabetes in the community served by the hospital. Since HUSM is the only hospital managing cancer in the state of Kelantan, to reduce cancer incidence in the state, life-style issues need to be addressed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Survival Analysis
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