Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 10075 in total

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  1. Yusof NS, Razak NA, Khan MN
    J Oleo Sci, 2013;62(5):257-69.
    PMID: 23648400
    A semi empirical kinetic (SEK) method has been used to determine the ratio of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr) micellar binding constants of counterion X⁻ and Br⁻ (a reference counterion), i.e. K(X)/K(Br) (=R(X)(Br)). The values of K(X) and K(Br) have been derived from the kinetic parameters obtained in the presence spherical/non-spherical and spherical micelles, respectively. This rather new method gives the respective mean values of R(X)(Br) as 45±2, 25±3, 4.7±0.6 and 119±10 for X=2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6- and 3,4-Cl₂C₆H₃CO₂⁻ (Cl₂Bz'Na). Literature lacks the report on the values of R(X)(Br) for all X except for X=2,6-Cl₂C₆H₃CO₂⁻ (2,6-Cl2Bz'⁻) for which the reported value is 5.0. Rheological properties, such as shear thinning behavior, reveal indirectly the presence of wormlike micelles (WM) in the CTABr micellar solutions containing MX for all X except X=2,6-Cl₂Bz'⁻. The micelles remain spherical within [2,6-Cl₂Bz'⁻] range 0.01-0.34 M at 0.015 M CTABr. The maxima of the plots of zero shear viscosity, η₀, (obtained from the initial plateau region of flow curves, i.e. η vs. γ curve) vs. [MX] (MX=2,4-, 2,5- and 3,4-Cl₂Bz'Na) at 0.015 M CTABr also support indirectly the presence of linear, entangled and branched WM.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cetrimonium Compounds/chemistry*; Chlorobenzoates/chemistry*
  2. Tan SJ, Subramaniam G, Thomas NF, Kam TS
    Nat Prod Commun, 2012 Jun;7(6):739-42.
    PMID: 22816296
    Five new nitrogenous compounds were isolated from the Malayan Alstonia angustifolia and their structures determined based on interpretation of spectroscopic data.
    Matched MeSH terms: Alkaloids/chemistry*; Alstonia/chemistry*
  3. Rizwan Z, Zakaria A, Mohd Ghazali MS, Jafari A, Din FU, Zamiri R
    Int J Mol Sci, 2011;12(2):1293-305.
    PMID: 21541059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12021293
    Two different concentrations of CdCl(2) and (NH(2))(2)CS were used to prepare CdS thin films, to be deposited on glass substrate by chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. CdCl(2) (0.000312 M and 0.000625 M) was employed as a source of Cd(2+) while (NH(2))(2)CS (0.00125 M and 0.000625 M) for S(2-) at a constant bath temperature of 70 °C. Adhesion of the deposited films was found to be very good for all the solution concentrations of both reagents. The films were air-annealed at a temperature between 200 °C to 360 °C for one hour. The minimum thickness was observed to be 33.6 nm for film annealed at 320 °C. XRD analyses reveal that the films were cubic along with peaks of hexagonal phase for all film samples. The crystallite size of the films decreased from 41.4 nm to 7.4 nm with the increase of annealing temperature for the CdCl(2) (0.000312 M). Optical energy band gap (E(g)), Urbach energy (E(u)) and absorption coefficient (α) have been calculated from the transmission spectral data. These parameters have been discussed as a function of annealing temperature and solution concentration. The best transmission (about 97%) was obtained for the air-annealed films at higher temperature at CdCl(2) (0.000312 M).
    Matched MeSH terms: Sulfides/chemistry*; Cadmium Compounds/chemistry*
  4. Kamaruddin AH, Uzir MH, Aboul-Enein HY, Halim HN
    Chirality, 2009 Apr;21(4):449-67.
    PMID: 18655180 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20619
    This review tracks a decade of dynamic kinetic resolution developments with a biocatalytic inclination using enzymatic/microbial means for the resolution part followed by the racemization reactions either by means of enzymatic or chemocatalyst. These fast developments are due to the ability of the biocatalysts to significantly reduce the number of synthetic steps which are common for conventional synthesis. Future developments in novel reactions and products of dynamic kinetic resolutions should consider factors that are needed to be extracted at the early synthetic stage to avoid inhibition at scale-up stage have been highlighted.
    Matched MeSH terms: Alcohols/chemistry; Carboxylic Acids/chemistry; Chemistry, Organic/methods*; Enzymes/chemistry; Esters/chemistry; Fenoprofen/chemistry; Fungal Proteins/chemistry*; Ibuprofen/chemistry; Naproxen/chemistry; Suprofen/chemistry
  5. Puah CW, Choo YM, Ma AN, Chuah CH
    Lipids, 2006 Mar;41(3):305-8.
    PMID: 16711607
    Some unidentified minor compounds have been observed in the residue from short-path distillation of transesterified palm oil that are not detected in the original palm oil. A method combining short-path distillation to enrich the unknowns with fractionation using solid-phase extraction is described. The fractionated components were identified using GC coupled with MS. The transesterified palm oil was found to contain methyl esters of up to C32 carbon atoms. In the very long chain FAME with carbon numbers > or = 20, both even and odd carbon numbers accounted for 0.26 wt%, with C24 and C26 being the major ones present in the residue after short-path distillation of transesterified palm oil.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fats, Unsaturated/chemistry; Plant Oils/chemistry*
  6. Nugroho AE, Inoue D, Wong CP, Hirasawa Y, Kaneda T, Shirota O, et al.
    J Nat Med, 2018 Mar;72(2):588-592.
    PMID: 29453649 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-018-1188-8
    Bioactivity guided separation of Reinwardtiodendron cinereum barks methanol extract led to the isolation of two new onocerane triterpenoids, reinereins A and B (1 and 2), together with three known onocerane triterpenoids. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR spectroscopic data. In vitro cytotoxic activities of the isolated compounds against several type of cancer cells were evaluated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Triterpenes/chemistry*; Meliaceae/chemistry*
  7. Ahmad Shiekh K, Odunayo Olatunde O, Zhang B, Huda N, Benjakul S
    Food Chem, 2021 Oct 15;359:129976.
    PMID: 33957326 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129976
    Impact of pulsed electric field (PEF) assisted process on preparation of custard apple leaf extract (CALE) using ethanol (70%, v/v) was studied. Different electric field strengths (2-6 kV/cm), pulse numbers (100-300 pulses) with specific energies (45-142 kJ/kg) for 2.5 to 5 min were implemented. Cell disintegration index was higher in CALE when PEF 6 kV/cm, 300 pulses, 142 kJ/kg for 5 min was applied. Extraction yield was higher (+5.2%) than the untreated counterpart (13.28%). Chlorophyll A and B contents were negligible in PEF pre-treated CALE. PEF improved radical scavenging activities assessed by DPPH, ABTS radical scavening activities and FRAP. The antibacterial properties of CALE against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were highest. Purpureacin 2 and rutin were abundant in PEF pre-treated CALE. Therefore PEF was the potential aid in augmenting extraction yield and bioactivities of the extract from custard apple leaves.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/chemistry*; Annona/chemistry*
  8. Karami A, Golieskardi A, Keong Choo C, Larat V, Galloway TS, Salamatinia B
    Sci Rep, 2017 04 06;7:46173.
    PMID: 28383020 DOI: 10.1038/srep46173
    The occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in saltwater bodies is relatively well studied, but nothing is known about their presence in most of the commercial salts that are widely consumed by humans across the globe. Here, we extracted MP-like particles larger than 149 μm from 17 salt brands originating from 8 different countries followed by the identification of their polymer composition using micro-Raman spectroscopy. Microplastics were absent in one brand while others contained between 1 to 10 MPs/Kg of salt. Out of the 72 extracted particles, 41.6% were plastic polymers, 23.6% were pigments, 5.50% were amorphous carbon, and 29.1% remained unidentified. The particle size (mean ± SD) was 515 ± 171 μm. The most common plastic polymers were polypropylene (40.0%) and polyethylene (33.3%). Fragments were the primary form of MPs (63.8%) followed by filaments (25.6%) and films (10.6%). According to our results, the low level of anthropogenic particles intake from the salts (maximum 37 particles per individual per annum) warrants negligible health impacts. However, to better understand the health risks associated with salt consumption, further development in extraction protocols are needed to isolate anthropogenic particles smaller than 149 μm.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plastics/chemistry*; Salts/chemistry*
  9. Abdul Manas NH, Md Illias R, Mahadi NM
    Crit Rev Biotechnol, 2018 Mar;38(2):272-293.
    PMID: 28683572 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1339664
    BACKGROUND: The increasing market demand for oligosaccharides has intensified the need for efficient biocatalysts. Glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) are still gaining popularity as biocatalyst for oligosaccharides synthesis owing to its simple reaction and high selectivity.

    PURPOSE: Over the years, research has advanced mainly directing to one goal; to reduce hydrolysis activity of GHs for increased transglycosylation activity in achieving high production of oligosaccharides.

    DESIGN AND METHODS: This review concisely presents the strategies to increase transglycosylation activity of GHs for oligosaccharides synthesis, focusing on controlling the reaction equilibrium, and protein engineering. Various modifications of the subsites of GHs have been demonstrated to significantly modulate the hydrolysis and transglycosylation activity of the enzymes. The clear insight of the roles of each amino acid in these sites provides a platform for designing an enzyme that could synthesize a specific oligosaccharide product.

    CONCLUSIONS: The key strategies presented here are important for future improvement of GHs as a biocatalyst for oligosaccharide synthesis.

    Matched MeSH terms: Hydrolases/chemistry*; Oligosaccharides/chemistry*
  10. Hew KS, Asis AJ, Tan TB, Yusoff MM, Lai OM, Nehdi IA, et al.
    Food Chem, 2020 Mar 01;307:125545.
    PMID: 31654951 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125545
    Corresponding the high presence of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) in refined palm oil, this paper re-evaluated degumming and bleaching processes of physical palm oil refining to reduce the amount of said contaminants. Separation-free water degumming was incorporated into the process, and this significantly (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: alpha-Chlorohydrin/chemistry*; Esters/chemistry*
  11. Goh MS, Lam SD, Yang Y, Naqiuddin M, Addis SNK, Yong WTL, et al.
    J Hazard Mater, 2021 10 15;420:126624.
    PMID: 34329083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126624
    In agriculture, the convenience and efficacy of chemical pesticides have become inevitable to manage cultivated crop production. Here, we review the worldwide use of pesticides based on their categories, mode of actions and toxicity. Excessive use of pesticides may lead to hazardous pesticide residues in crops, causing adverse effects on human health and the environment. A wide range of high-tech-analytical methods are available to analyse pesticide residues. However, they are mostly time-consuming and inconvenient for on-site detection, calling for the development of biosensors that detect cellular changes in crops. Such new detection methods that combine biological and physicochemical knowledge may overcome the shortage in current farming to develop sustainable systems that support environmental and human health. This review also comprehensively compiles domestic pesticide residues removal tips from vegetables and fruits. Synthetic pesticide alternatives such as biopesticide and nanopesticide are greener to the environment. However, its safety assessment for large-scale application needs careful evaluation. Lastly, we strongly call for reversions of pesticide application trends based on the changing climate, which is lacking in the current scenario.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit/chemistry; Vegetables/chemistry
  12. Matinmanesh A, Li Y, Nouhi A, Zalzal P, Schemitsch EH, Towler MR, et al.
    J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 2018 02;78:273-281.
    PMID: 29190533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.11.015
    It has been reported that the adhesion of bioactive glass coatings to Ti6Al4V reduces after degradation, however, this effect has not been quantified. This paper uses bilayer double cantilever (DCB) specimens to determine GIC and GIIC, the critical mode I and mode II strain energy release rates, respectively, of bioactive coating/Ti6Al4V substrate systems degraded to different extents. Three borate-based bioactive glass coatings with increasing amounts of incorporated SrO (0, 15 and 25mol%) were enamelled onto Ti6Al4V substrates and then immersed in de-ionized water for 2, 6 and 24h. The weight loss of each glass composition was measured and it was found that the dissolution rate significantly decreased with increasing SrO content. The extent of dissolution was consistent with the hypothesis that the compressive residual stress tends to reduce the dissolution rate of bioactive glasses. After drying, the bilayer DCB specimens were created and subjected to nearly mode I and mode II fracture tests. The toughest coating/substrate system (one composed of the glass containing 25mol% SrO) lost 80% and 85% of its GIC and GIIC, respectively, in less than 24h of degradation. The drop in GIC and GIIC occurred even more rapidly for other coating/substrate systems. Therefore, degradation of borate bioactive glass coatings is inversely related to their fracture toughness when coated onto Ti6A4V substrates. Finally, roughening the substrate was found to be inconsequential in increasing the toughness of the system as the fracture toughness was limited by the cohesive toughness of the glass itself.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glass/chemistry*; Titanium/chemistry*
  13. Choong TSY, Yeoh CM, Phuah ET, Siew WL, Lee YY, Tang TK, et al.
    PLoS One, 2018;13(2):e0192375.
    PMID: 29401481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192375
    Diacylglycerol (DAG) and monoacylglycerol (MAG) are two natural occurring minor components found in most edible fats and oils. These compounds have gained increasing market demand owing to their unique physicochemical properties. Enzymatic glycerolysis in solvent-free system might be a promising approach in producing DAG and MAG-enriched oil. Understanding on glycerolysis mechanism is therefore of great importance for process simulation and optimization. In this study, a commercial immobilized lipase (Lipozyme TL IM) was used to catalyze the glycerolysis reaction. The kinetics of enzymatic glycerolysis reaction between triacylglycerol (TAG) and glycerol (G) were modeled using rate equation with unsteady-state assumption. Ternary complex, ping-pong bi-bi and complex ping-pong bi-bi models were proposed and compared in this study. The reaction rate constants were determined using non-linear regression and sum of square errors (SSE) were minimized. Present work revealed satisfactory agreement between experimental data and the result generated by complex ping-pong bi-bi model as compared to other models. The proposed kinetic model would facilitate understanding on enzymatic glycerolysis for DAG and MAG production and design optimization of a pilot-scale reactor.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol/chemistry*; Lipase/chemistry*
  14. Obayomi KS, Lau SY, Zahir A, Meunier L, Zhang J, Dada AO, et al.
    Chemosphere, 2023 Feb;313:137533.
    PMID: 36528163 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137533
    In this present study, silver (Ag) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were successfully deposited on coconut shell-derived activated carbon (CSAC), to synthesize a novel nanocomposite (CSAC@AgNPs@TiO2NPs) for the adsorption of Methylene Blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution. The fabricated CSAC@AgNPs@TiO2NPs nanocomposite was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) detector, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscope (XPS), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The successful deposition of AgNPs and TiO2NPs on CSAC surface was revealed by the TEM/EDX, SEM, and XPS analysis. The mesopore structure of CSAC@AgNPs@TiO2NPs has a BET surface area of 301 m2/g. The batch adsorption studies were conducted and the influence of different parameters, i.e., adsorbent dose, adsorption time, initial dye concentration, pH and temperature were investigated. The nonlinear isotherm and kinetic modelling demonstrated that adsorption data were best fitted by Sips isotherm and pseudo-second-order models, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of MB onto CSAC@AgNPs@TiO2NPs by the Sips model was 184 mg/g. Thermodynamic results revealed that the adsorption was endothermic, spontaneous and physical in nature. CSAC@AgNPs@TiO2NPs revealed that MB absorption by CSAC@AgNPs@TiO2NPs was spontaneous and endothermic. The uptake capacity of MB was influenced significantly by the presence of competing ions including, NO3-, HCO3, Ca2+, and Na+. Repeated tests indicated that the CSAC@AgNPs@TiO2NPs can be regenerated and reused six times before being discarded. The primary separation mechanism between MB dye and CSAC@AgNPs@TiO2NPs was the electrostatic interaction. Thus, CSAC@AgNPs@TiO2NPs was an outstanding material, which displayed good applicability in real water with ≥ 97% removal of MB dye.
    Matched MeSH terms: Charcoal/chemistry; Methylene Blue/chemistry
  15. da Silva-Junio AG, Frias IAM, Lima-Neto RG, Migliolo L, E Silva PS, Oliveira MDL, et al.
    J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2022 Jul 15;216:114788.
    PMID: 35525110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114788
    Bacterial and fungal infections are challenging due to their low susceptibility and resistance to antimicrobial drugs. For this reason, antimicrobial peptides (AMP) emerge as excellent alternatives to overcome these problems. At the same time, their active insertion into the cell wall of microorganisms can be availed for biorecognition applications in biosensing platforms. Temporin-PTA (T-PTA) is an AMP found in the skin secretions of the Malaysian fire frog Hylarana picturata, which presents antibacterial activity against MRSA, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis. In this work, T-PTA was explored as an innovative sensing layer aiming for the electrochemical differentiation of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans, and C. tropicalis based on the structural differences of their membranes. The biosensor was analyzed through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). In this approach, the different structural features of each microorganism resulted in different adherence degrees and, therefore, different electrochemical responses. The transducing layer was fabricated by the self-assembling of a 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (MBA) monolayer and gold-capped magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@Au) implemented to improve the electrical signal of the biointeraction. We found that each interaction, expressed in variations of electron transfer resistance and anodic peak current, demonstrated a singular response from which the platform can discriminate all different microorganisms. We found expressive sensitivity towards Gram-negative species, especially K. pneumoniae. A detection limit of 101 CFU.mL-1 and a linear range of 101 to 105 CFU.mL-1 were obtained. The T-PTA biosensor platform is a promising and effective tool for microbial identification.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gold/chemistry; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/chemistry
  16. Kurniawan TA, Othman MHD, Liang X, Goh HH, Gikas P, Chong KK, et al.
    J Environ Manage, 2023 Apr 15;332:117429.
    PMID: 36773474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117429
    Biochar, derived from unused biomass, is widely considered for its potential to deal with climate change problems. Global interest in biochar is attributed to its ability to sequester carbon in soil and to remediate aquatic environment from water pollution. As soil conditioner and/or adsorbent, biochar offers opportunity through a circular economy (CE) paradigm. While energy transition continues, progress toward low-emissions materials accelerates their advance towards net-zero emissions. However, none of existing works addresses CE-based biochar management to achieve carbon neutrality. To reflect its novelty, this work provides a critical overview of challenges and opportunities for biochar to promote CE and carbon neutrality. This article also offers seminal perspectives about strengthening biomass management through CE and resource recovery paradigms, while exploring how the unused biomass can promote net zero emissions in its applications. By consolidating scattered knowledge in the body of literature into one place, this work uncovers new research directions to close the loops by implementing the circularity of biomass resources in various fields. It is conclusive from a literature survey of 113 articles (2003-2023) that biomass conversion into biochar can promote net zero emissions and CE in the framework of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Depending on their physico-chemical properties, biochar can become a suitable feedstock for CE. Biochar application as soil enrichment offsets 12% of CO2 emissions by land use annually. Adding biochar to soil can improve its health and agricultural productivity, while minimizing about 1/8 of CO2 emissions. Biochar can also sequester CO2 in the long-term and prevent the release of carbon back into the atmosphere after its decomposition. This practice could sequester 2.5 gigatons (Gt) of CO2 annually. With the global biochar market reaching USD 368.85 million by 2028, this work facilitates biochar with its versatile characteristics to promote carbon neutrality and CE applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Charcoal/chemistry; Soil/chemistry
  17. Thilakarathna RCN, Siow LF, Tang TK, Chan ES, Lee YY
    Ultrason Sonochem, 2023 Jan;92:106280.
    PMID: 36587443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106280
    Ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction (UAE) was applied to extract underutilized Madhuca longifolia seed oil. The effect of extraction time, temperature, solvent type, solvent/sample ratio, and amplitude on the oil yield and recovery were investigated. Approximately 56.97% of oil yield and 99.54% of oil recovery were attained using mild conditions of 35 min, 35 °C, 40% amplitude, isopropanol to acetone (1:1), and solvent to sample (20 mL/g). UAE oil yield and recovery were comparable with Soxhlet extraction (SXE) whilst mechanical pressing (ME) yielded 
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Oils/chemistry; Solvents/chemistry
  18. Aziz T, Farid A, Haq F, Kiran M, Ullah N, Faisal S, et al.
    Environ Res, 2023 Apr 01;222:115253.
    PMID: 36702191 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115253
    Epoxy resins are important thermosetting polymers. They are widely used in many applications i.e., adhesives, plastics, coatings and sealers. Epoxy molding compounds have attained dominance among common materials due to their excellent mechanical properties. The sol-gel simple method was applied to distinguish the impact on the colloidal time. The properties were obtained with silica-based fillers to enable their mechanical and thermal improvement. The work which we have done here on epoxy-based nanocomposites was successfully modified. The purpose of this research was to look into the effects of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) on various properties and applications. CNCs have recently attracted a lot of interest in a variety of industries due to their high aspect ratio, and low density which makes them perfect candidates. Adding different amounts of silica-based nanocomposites to the epoxy system. Analyzed with different techniques such as Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscope (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electronic microscopic (SEM) to investigate the morphological properties of modified composites. The various %-age of silica composite was prepared in the epoxy system. The 20% of silica was shown greater enhancement and improvement. They show a better result than D-400 epoxy. Increasing the silica, the transparency of the films decreased, because clustering appears. This shows that the broad use of CNCs in environmental engineering applications is possible, particularly for surface modification, which was evaluated for qualities such as absorption and chemical resistant behavior.
    Matched MeSH terms: Silicon Dioxide/chemistry; Water/chemistry
  19. Issa MA, Zentou H, Jabbar ZH, Abidin ZZ, Harun H, Halim NAA, et al.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2022 Dec;29(57):86859-86872.
    PMID: 35802332 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21844-0
    In this study, luminescent bio-adsorbent nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) was produced and applied for the removal and detection of Hg (II) from aqueous media. N-CDs were synthesized from oil palm empty fruit bunch carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and urea. According to several analytical techniques used, the obtained N-CDs display graphitic core with an average size of 4.2 nm, are enriched with active sites, stable over a wide range of pH and have great resistance to photobleaching. The N-CDs have bright blue emission with an improved quantum yield (QY) of up to 35.5%. The effect of the variables including pH, adsorbent mass, initial concentration and incubation time on the removal of Hg (II) was investigated using central composite design. The statistical results confirmed that the adsorption process could reach equilibrium within 30 min. The reduced cubic model (R2 = 0.9989) revealed a good correlation between the observed values and predicted data. The optimal variables were pH of 7, dose of 0.1 g, initial concentration of 100 mg/L and duration of 30 min. Under these conditions, adsorption efficiency of 84.6% was obtained. The adsorption kinetic data could be well expressed by pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. The optimal adsorption capacity was 116.3 mg g-1. Furthermore, the adsorbent has a good selectivity towards Hg (II) with a detection limit of 0.01 μM due to the special interaction between Hg (II) and carboxyl/amino groups on the edge of N-CDs. This work provided an alternative direction for constructing low-cost adsorbents with effective sorption and sensing of Hg (II).
    Matched MeSH terms: Carbon/chemistry; Nitrogen/chemistry
  20. Abdul Manan SF, Li J, Hsieh CF, Faubion J, Shi YC
    J Sci Food Agric, 2022 Mar 30;102(5):2172-2178.
    PMID: 34498279 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11523
    BACKGROUND: Lipids account for 2.0-2.5% of wheat flour by dry weight and affect properties and quality of cereal foods. A new method was developed to extract non-starch lipids from wheat flour. Wheat flour was first hydrolyzed with a protease and followed by extraction of non-starch lipids by water-saturated butanol (WSB).

    RESULT: Protein hydrolysis by protease followed by extraction of non-starch lipids with WSB increased yield to 1.9 ± 0.3% from 1.0 ± 0.1% with no protease treatment. The lipid profile showed a significant increase in phospholipid compounds extracted with protease hydrolysis (5.9 ± 0.8 nmol·g-1 ) versus without enzymatic treatment (2.4 ± 1.3 nmol g-1 ).

    CONCLUSION: Improved lipid extraction yield and phospholipid compounds following protease-assisted extraction method provided additional insight towards the understanding of protein-lipid interaction in wheat flour. The new protease-assisted extraction method may be applied to analyzing non-starch lipids in other types of wheat flours and other cereal flours. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/chemistry; Starch/chemistry
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